AVA: A Video Dataset of Spatio-temporally Localized Atomic Visual Actions

This paper introduces a video dataset of spatio-temporally localized Atomic Visual Actions (AVA). The AVA dataset densely annotates 80 atomic visual actions in 430 15-minute video clips, where actions are localized in space and time, resulting in 1.58M action labels with multiple labels per person occurring frequently. The key characteristics of our dataset are: (1) the definition of atomic visual actions, rather than composite actions; (2) precise spatio-temporal annotations with possibly multiple annotations for each person; (3) exhaustive annotation of these atomic actions over 15-minute video clips; (4) people temporally linked across consecutive segments; and (5) using movies to gather a varied set of action representations. This departs from existing datasets for spatio-temporal action recognition, which typically provide sparse annotations for composite actions in short video clips. We will release the dataset publicly. AVA, with its realistic scene and action complexity, exposes the intrinsic difficulty of action recognition. To benchmark this, we present a novel approach for action localization that builds upon the current state-of-the-art methods, and demonstrates better performance on JHMDB and UCF101-24 categories. While setting a new state of the art on existing datasets, the overall results on AVA are low at 15.6% mAP, underscoring the need for developing new approaches for video understanding.Comment: To appear in CVPR 2018. Check dataset page https://research.google.com/ava/ for detail

The combined transarterial and transvenous onyx embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of hypoglossal canal via the external jugular vein and facial vein: A case report

Dural arteriovenous fistulas of the hypoglossal canal (HCDAVFs) involving the anterior condylar confluence (ACC) and anterior condylar vein (ACV) are infrequent. Although transvenous embolization through the internal jugular vein (IJV) is the preferred treatment option for type I and II fistulas, it can be difficult if the IJV is unavailable. Here we report a rare case of HCDAVF in which the most common transvenous embolization access via IJV was not available. The patient underwent transarterial and transvenous onyx embolization. Transarterial embolization (TAE) aimed at controlling the arterial inflow and subsequently TVE was performed via the external jugular vein (EJV), the facial vein, the ophthalmic vein, the cavernous sinus, ACC, and ultimately to the fistula pouch. Complete obliteration of the HCDAVF was achieved without complications. We suggest that transvenous embolization (TVE) via the EJV and the facial vein can be effective in cases where trans-IJV is not possible

The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 in early-onset post-stroke depression

BackgroundThe immune-inflammatory response has been widely considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression (PSD), but there is ambiguity about the mechanism underlying such association.MethodsAccording to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition), depressive symptoms were assessed at 2 weeks after stroke onset. 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO, including IDO1 and IDO2) and its inducers (including pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon [IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2 and IL-6) were genotyped using SNPscan™ technology, and serum IDO1 levels were detected by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay.ResultsFifty-nine patients (31.72%) were diagnosed with depression at 2 weeks after stroke onset (early-onset PSD). The IDO1 rs9657182 T/T genotype was independently associated with early-onset PSD (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.008, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.157-7.822, p = 0.024) and the frequency of rs9657182 T allele was significantly higher in patients with PSD than that in patients with non-PSD (χ2 = 4.355, p = 0.037), but these results did not reach the Bonferroni significance threshold (p > 0.003). Serum IDO1 levels were also independently linked to early-onset PSD (adjusted OR = 1.071, 95% CI 1.002-1.145, p = 0.044) and patients with PSD had higher serum IDO1 levels than patients with non-PSD in the presence of the rs9657182 T allele but not homozygous C allele (t = -2.046, p = 0.043). Stroke patients with the TNF-α rs361525 G/G genotype had higher serum IDO1 levels compared to those with the G/A genotype (Z = -2.451, p = 0.014).ConclusionsOur findings provided evidence that IDO1 gene polymorphisms and protein levels were involved in the development of early-onset PSD and TNF-α polymorphism was associated with IDO1 levels, supporting that IDO1 which underlie strongly regulation by cytokines may be a specific pathway for the involvement of immune-inflammatory mechanism in the pathophysiology of PSD

Associations of vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms with post-stroke depression among ischemic stroke population

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to vitamin D (VitD) metabolism and post-stroke depression (PSD) in patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsA total of 210 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled at the Department of Neurology in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from July 2019 to August 2021. SNPs in the VitD metabolic pathway (VDR, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1) were genotyped using the SNPscan™ multiplex SNP typing kit. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Multiple genetic models including dominant, recessive, and over-dominant models were utilized to analyze the associations between SNPs and PSD.ResultsIn the dominant, recessive, and over-dominant models, no significant association was observed between the selected SNPs in the CYP24A1 and CYP2R1 genes and PSD. However, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the CYP27B1 rs10877012 G/G genotype was associated with a decreased risk of PSD (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.92, p = 0.030 and OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18–0.98, p = 0.040, respectively). Furthermore, haplotype association analysis indicated that rs11568820-rs1544410-rs2228570-rs7975232-rs731236 CCGAA haplotype in the VDR gene was associated with a reduced risk of PSD (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.65, p = 0.010), whereas no significant association was observed between haplotypes in the CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 genes and PSD.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the polymorphisms of VitD metabolic pathway genes VDR and CYP27B1 may be associated with PSD in patients with ischemic stroke

The Predictive Role of ADRA2A rs1800544 and HTR3B rs3758987 Polymorphisms in Motion Sickness Susceptibility

Motion sickness is a common central nervous system response, the primary sign of which is vomiting. Its susceptibility varies between individuals. To find predictive factors, we investigated the association of ADRA2A rs1800544 and HTR3B rs3758987 with motion sickness susceptibility and examined their mRNA changes during actual voyages. A total of 315 healthy college students were enrolled for SNP genotyping by the PCR-RFLP method. Blood samples were collected from another 42 subjects during two separate voyages to detect their mRNA expression changes at three time points. The frequency of the rs1800544 GG genotype in the susceptibility group was significantly higher (52.26%), and allele G increased the risk of motion sickness (OR = 1.585, 95% CI = 1.136–2.208). In the logistic regression model, the rs3758987 CC+TC genotype and rs1800544 GG genotype increased the risk of motion sickness-induced vomiting (OR = 2.105, 95% CI = 1.112–3.984; OR = 1.992, 95% CI = 1.114–3.571). The ADRA2A mRNA baseline was lower in the GG carriers and the HTR3B mRNA baseline was lower in the TC/CC carriers before sailing, then increased significantly within 24 h and then decreased after a long-term voyage. People carrying the rs1800544 GG genotype seem more susceptible to motion sickness. In combination with the incidence of vomiting during the actual-voyage experiments, our results indicate the involvement of rs1800544 and rs3758987 in motion sickness-induced vomiting

Study Mutagenesis of Space Environment on Rice Seeds

The 1st Asian Congress of Radiation Researc

Analysis of cytogenetic damage in rice seeds induced by energetic heavy ions on-ground and after spaceflight

To analyze the biological effects of the space environment, we flew nine lines of rice seeds on the Chinese 20th recoverable satellite for a duration of 18 days. The same lines of seeds were also irradiated to low doses (2.0mGy) of Carbon, or Neon or Iron ions (with different LET value of 13.3 keV/um, 31 keV/um and 500 keV/um respectively) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Chiba, Japan. The total number of mitotic cells and chromosomal aberrations were analyzed. The mitotic index (MI) and the frequency of chromosomal aberration were evaluated in order to compare the cytogenetic damages from spaceflight and from exposure to similar doses of charged particle on the ground. The results of the present study show that the space environment and heavy energy ion can alter cell growth, and induce various chromosome aberrations including micronuclei, chromosomal bridges, fragments and laggards. With all the lines combined, the frequency of chromosome aberrations and MI in seeds flown in space are the highest. The effectiveness of cytogenetic damage from spaceflight (SP) and the heavy ion irradiations is SP > Fe > Ne > C