木材の破壊に関する確率過程論的考察

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

Design and uses of green areas in urban environments on the basis of evaluations of people’s experience

In the era of rapid urbanization, we are facing a lot of challenges to maintain the natural balance of our living environment. Green space plays a vital role in keeping this natural balance; It is an essential element in urban planning. Thus, providing sustainable and effective green areas for users in an urban area is challenging for planners. This study investigates urban green spaces' design and how residents experience and use their nearby green areas; investigating the residents' experiences because they are the primary users and successful effective planning mainly depends on the users. Specifically, it explores the gap between planning and local needs (that has not been taken into consideration). The result can be used as a background for further development for planning strategy. To do this study, I have chosen the green areas of Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm. This area has been designed and developed to achieve certain specific 'environmental goals' laid down during its planning, and the main objective of this study is to investigate the overall operational goals and performance of green spaces of this area. For the research, a questionnaire survey has been done ( online survey and by post).To examine residents' experiences within the green areas ( five specific green areas ) "Meerci™" method has been applied. The results help to understand the green spaces' present condition and the lack of planning management for the green area. These findings help to provide a further guideline to develop the green areas of Hammarby Sjöstad, which will work as a green space strategic plan

Rare mendelian forms of obesity and diabetes and their implications for treatment outcomes

Obesity and diabetes are becoming epidemic health issues worldwide. In recent decades, a considerable amount of work has been done to study the pathogenicity underlying those diseases, which has led to valuable insights into the genetic basis, treatment and prevention of obesity and diabetes. Nevertheless, despite our more detailed pathophysiological understanding of the rare forms of diabetes and obesity than of more common polygenic forms, we still know little about their prevalence and implications outside specialised genetics services. In the present work, I have explored the contribution of Mendelian forms of obesity in individuals with severe obesity. Initial segregation analyses of families with an obese proband, led to the identification of an oligogenic mode of inheritance for obesity. This was followed by re-analysis of pre-existing whole exome sequencing data from 91 individuals with extreme obesity, which revealed an additional 21 possible causative variants in known monogenic/syndromic obesity genes and three further cases of oligogenic inheritance. In addition, 11 candidate variants were identified in genes suggested by rodent models of obesity and/or diabetes, but not previously reported in humans. To further expand the analysis, a unique custom genotyping array focusing on, obesity and diabetes mellitus (T2D, and monogenic forms of diabetes) was designed to be applied to a larger number of samples (N=2068). Application of the array led to the identification of a total of 161 potential causative variants in 40 monogenic obesity/syndromic obesity genes, with a putative diagnostic yield of 11%. Initial analysis suggests that having one of these putative Mendelian forms of obesity resulted in no statistical difference in percentage weight loss at 2 years post-surgery and diabetes remission. Our first analysis on obesity indicates that the use of a custom-designed genotyping array for specific rare diseases may be an advantageous first level screening strategy in terms of cost and time. The work presented here also suggests that the true prevalence of Mendelian forms of obesity among bariatric surgery patients is likely to be high - this presents a significant unmet need for genetic analysis and follow-up.  Open Acces