Local-global principles for norm one tori over semi-global fields

Let K be a complete discretely valued field with residue field k and F be a function field of a curve over K. Let L/F be a Galois extension of degree n. If n is coprime to char(k), then under some assumptions on k(e.g. k is algebraically closed or a finite field) and on the geometry of the curve, we show that there is a local-global principle with respect to discrete valuations for the norms from the extension L/F

Should Sputum Smear Examination Be Carried Out at the End of the Intensive Phase and End of Treatment in Sputum Smear Negative Pulmonary TB Patients?

The Indian guidelines on following up sputum smear-negative Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients differ from the current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in that the former recommends two follow up sputum examinations (once at the end of intensive phase and the other at the end of treatment) while the latter recommends only one follow up sputum smear microscopy examination, which is done at the end of the intensive phase. This study was conducted to examine if there was any added value in performing an additional sputum smear examination at the end of treatment within the context of a national TB program

Andrographis paniculata transcriptome provides molecular insights into tissue-specific accumulation of medicinal diterpenes

A summary of SSRs identified in leaf and root transcriptomes. (DOCX 11 kb

Local-global principles for multinorm tori over semi-global fields

Let $K$ be a complete discretely valued field with the residue field $\kappa$. Assume that cohomological dimension of $\kappa$ is less than or equal to $1$ (for example, $\kappa$ is an algebraically closed field or a finite field). Let $F$ be the function field of a curve over $K$. Let $n$ be a squarefree positive integer not divisible by char$(\kappa)$. Then for any two degree $n$ abelian extensions, we prove that the local-global principle holds for the associated multinorm torus with respect to discrete valuations. Let $\mathscr{X}$ be a regular proper model of $F$ such that the reduced special fibre $X$ is a union of regular curves with normal crossings. Suppose that $\kappa$ is algebraically closed with $char(\kappa)\neq 2$. If the graph associated to $\mathscr{X}$ is a tree (e.g. $F = K(t)$) then we show that the same local-global principle holds for the multinorm torus associated to finitely many abelian extensions where one of the extensions is quadratic and others are of degree not divisible by $4$.Comment: to appear in Israel Journal of Mathematics. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1904.0096

A short hairpin RNA screen of interferon-stimulated genes identifies a novel negative regulator of the cellular antiviral response

ABSTRACT The type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway restricts infection of many divergent families of RNA and DNA viruses by inducing hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), some of which have direct antiviral activity. We screened 813 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs targeting 245 human ISGs using a flow cytometry approach to identify genes that modulated infection of West Nile virus (WNV) in IFN-β-treated human cells. Thirty ISGs with inhibitory effects against WNV were identified, including several novel genes that had antiviral activity against related and unrelated positive-strand RNA viruses. We also defined one ISG, activating signal cointegrator complex 3 (ASCC3), which functioned as a negative regulator of the host defense response. Silencing of ASCC3 resulted in upregulation of multiple antiviral ISGs, which correlated with inhibition of infection of several positive-strand RNA viruses. Reciprocally, ectopic expression of human ASCC3 or mouse Ascc3 resulted in downregulation of ISGs and increased viral infection. Mechanism-of-action and RNA sequencing studies revealed that ASCC3 functions to modulate ISG expression in an IRF-3- and IRF-7-dependent manner. Compared to prior ectopic ISG expression studies, our shRNA screen identified novel ISGs that restrict infection of WNV and other viruses and defined a new counterregulatory ISG, ASCC3, which tempers cell-intrinsic immunity. IMPORTANCE West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that continues to pose a threat to public health. Innate immune responses, especially those downstream of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, are critical for controlling virus infection and spread. We performed a genetic screen using a gene silencing approach and identified 30 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that contributed to the host antiviral response against WNV. As part of this screen, we also identified a novel negative regulatory protein, ASCC3, which dampens expression of ISGs, including those with antiviral or proinflammatory activity. In summary, our studies define a series of heretofore-uncharacterized ISGs with antiviral effects against multiple viruses or counterregulatory effects that temper IFN signaling and likely minimize immune-mediated pathology

Counterexamples to a conjecture of M. Pellegrini and P. Shumyatsky

In this article, we provide counterexamples to a conjecture of M. Pellegrini and P. Shumyatsky which states that each coset of the centralizer of an involution in a finite non-abelian simple group $G$ contains an odd order element, unless $G=\text{PSL}(n,2)$ for $n\geq 4$. More precisely, we show that the conjecture does not hold for the alternating group $A_{2^n}$ for all $n\geq 4$

Dielectric and Raman studies of Ba-0.06(Na1/2Bi1/2)(0.94)TiO3-NaNbO3 ceramics

In this work the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman and dielectric studies of lead free perovskite (1-x)Ba-0.06(Na1/2Bi1/2)(0.94)TiO3-xNaNbO(3) (0 <= x <= 1.0) ceramics, prepared using a standard solid state reaction method, were investigated. X-ray diffraction studies of all the ceramics suggested the formation of single phase with crystal structure transforming from rhombohedral-tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry with the increase in NaNbO3 content. Raman spectra also confirmed the formation of solid solution without any new phase. Dielectric studies showed that the phase transition is of diffusive character and diffusivity parameter decreases with increasing NaNbO3 content. The compositional fluctuation was considered to be the main cause of diffusivity

Alternating groups as products of cycle classes - II

Given integers $k,l\geq 2$, where either $l$ is odd or $k$ is even, let $n(k,l)$ denote the largest integer $n$ such that each element of $A_n$ is a product of $k$ many $l$-cycles. In 2008, M. Herzog, G. Kaplan and A. Lev conjectured that $\lfloor \frac{2kl}{3} \rfloor \leq n(k,l)\leq \lfloor \frac{2kl}{3}\rfloor+1$. It is known that the conjecture holds when $k=2,3,4$. Moreover, it is also true when $3\mid l$. In this article, we determine the exact value of $n(k,l)$ when $3\nmid l$ and $k\geq 5$. As an immediate consequence, we get that $n(k,l)<\lfloor \frac{2kl}{3}\rfloor$ when $k\geq 5$, which shows that the above conjecture is not true in general. In fact, the difference between the exact value of $n(k,l)$ and the conjectured value grows linearly in terms of $k$. Our results also generalize the case of $k=2,3,4$.Comment: 27 page

A ruled residue theorem for function fields of elliptic curves

It is shown that a valuation of residue characteristic different from $2$ and $3$ on a field $E$ has at most one extension to the function field of an elliptic curve over $E$, for which the residue field extension is transcendental but not ruled. The cases where such an extension is present are characterised

THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF MELATONIN AND KISSPEPTIN IN FISH REPRODUCTION

Reproduction of fish generally governed by the counter interaction of some endogenous and exogenous cues like endocrine signals and one or more environmental factors such as photoperiod, temperature, rainfall, food availability, salinity etc. Study indicates that it depends on hypothalamo-hypophysis-gonadal axis. In gonad, gametogenesis is ordered by various hormones followed by their interactions with proper tissues leading to breed at a specific time of the year. Melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone, has a significant physiological role in the regulation of seasonality and gonadal development of fish. On the other hand, receptor independent actions or free radical scavenging role of melatonin at different levels of hypothalamo-hypophysis-gonadal axis is not yet clear.&nbsp; In recent years, focus has been given to study the of kisspeptin peptides potentiality on gonadal development especially during the transitional period of puberty and gonadal relapse. The relationship of kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone is a good illustration of the kisspeptin system. The role of kisspeptin and melatonin in the reproduction of fish is an important subject of research. &nbsp;The potency of kisspeptin and melatonin on reproductive maturation and gonadotropin release in response to environmental cues and the regulation of secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by kisspeptin and melatonin are also the important objectives of the present review