Naval History by Conspiracy Theory: The British Admiralty before the First World War and the Methodology of Revisionism

Revisionist interpretations of British naval policy in the Fisher era claim that an elaborate smoke screen was created to hide the Royal Navy’s real policies; while documents showing the true goals were systematically destroyed. By asserting this, revisionists are able to dismiss those parts of the documentary record that contradict their theories, while simultaneously excusing the lack of evidence for their theories by claiming it has been destroyed. This article shows that this methodology is misleading and untenable

Differential photosynthetic adaptation between size-classes of Spruce and Fir juveniles help to explain the co-existence of the two species.

Background/Question/Methods 
_Abies sachalinensis_ (Sakhalin Fir) and _Picea glehnii_ (Glehn’s Spruce) are major components of the sub-boreal forests of Hokkaido, Japan. Similar Spruce-Fir forests can be found in many other places in the northern hemisphere and will probably be impacted by global warming. Therefore, detailed knowledge of these species’ physiology and life-history strategies at different growth stages is important to understand present communities and to support reliable prediction of possible consequences of global climate change. 
Accordingly, the objective of this study was to establish relations between community dynamics, life-history strategies and photosynthetic adaptation of these species, on different developmental stages. 
The study is taking place on a sub-boreal forest plot in north Japan (N 44º 19’, E 142º 15’). Twenty shade-growing individuals of both species were divided into two height classes: seedlings, if height < 50cm; and saplings, if height > 100cm. The canopy coverage over each individual was assessed by analyzing hemispherical photography and average light incidence. Leaf pigments are being analyzed by chromatography. Light response curves and chlorophyll fluorescence are being measured seasonally, except in winter. Results are analyzed through General Linear Models. The study period was from spring 2009 to summer 2010. 
Results/Conclusions 
Results show an inversion of the photosynthetic adaptation between seedlings and saplings, and also between species. _Picea_ seedlings and _Abies_ saplings have greater total chlorophyll content and higher photosynthetic rates than _Picea_ saplings and _Abies_ seedlings. As a consequence, the superior competitor between similar sized individuals of both species appears to change between size-classes, with _Abies_ presenting higher photosynthetic rates at the sapling class and _Picea_ at the seedling class. Nevertheless, no significant growth has been observed in any of the groups until now. Results also disagree with some of the previously reported photosynthetic characteristics of these species, with _Picea_ seedlings displaying more traits usually associated with shade adaptation than _Abies_ seedlings.
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On-line preconcentration using dual mini-columns for the speciation of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) and its application to water samples as studied by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

On-line preconcentration system for the selective, sensitive and simultaneous determination of chromium species was investigated. Dual minicolumns containing chelating resin were utilized for the speciation and preconcentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water samples. In this system, Cr(III) was collected on first column packed with iminodiacetate resin. Cr(VI) in the effluent from the first column was reduced to Cr(III), which was collected on the second column packed with iminodiacetate resin. Hydroxyammonium chloride was examined as a potential reducing agent for Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The effects of pH, sample flow rate, column length, and interfering ions on the recoveries of Cr(III) were carefully studied. Five millilitres of a sample solution was introduced into the system. The collected species were then sequentially washed by 1 M ammonium acetate, eluted by 2 M nitric acid and measured by ICP-AES. The detection limit for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was 0.08 and 0.15 mu g l-1, respectively. The total analysis time was about 9.4 min. The developed method was successfully applied to the speciation of chromium in river, tap water and wastewater samples with satisfied results. </p

PERBEDAAN PENGARUH METODE PENYULUHAN DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENERAPAN STANDAR PELAYANAN ASUHAN PERSALINAN NORMAL PADA PELAYANAN BIDAN (Di Wilayah Ranting Kejayan Kabupaten Pasuruan)

ABSTRACT SUMIDA ARIYANTI, NIM S.541202148, Differences Influence Extension Method And Motivation Toward Implementation Capabilities Standard Normal Delivery Care Services In Midwife Services (On the Twigs Kejayan Pasuruan region), Guidance lecture I: Prof. Dr. Didik Tamtomo, dr, MM, Kes, PAK; Guidance lecture II: Dr. Nunuk Suryani, M. Pd, Thesis, Master of Family Medicine, Main Interest in Health Education, Graduate School, University of March, Surakarta, 2013. Background: Standard Normal Delivery Care Services is a reference implementation in providing quality service on midwife services. However, there are still many midwives in Pasuruan district Kejayan Ranting implement service standards that have not been normal at the time of Delivery Care delivery assistance. There fore we need the right extension method to give effect conscious, know and understand, giving rise to a high motivation to self midwives to be able to apply the standard Normal Delivery Care service is good and right. Research Purposes Analyzing the effect of differences in methods of counseling and motivation to the applicability of normal delivery care service standards in the services of midwives (in Region Branch Kejayan Pasuruan). Methods: This research design is purely experimental, with the entire population of midwives in the region Ranting Kejayan Pasuruan, the samples are 40 people selected by proportionate random sampling technique. Lecture method is used for comparison. File motivation using a closed question naire, whereas for normal delivery care capabilities of file collected using raw chekslist, Then the material information were analyzed using two way ANOVA models. Results: (1) There are differences in the effect of extension methods compared with a lecture demonstration on the applicability of the standard Normal Delivery Care (p = 0.012 <0.05),. (2) There are differences in the effect of high and low motivation on the applicability of the standard Normal Delivery Care (p = 0.038 <0.05),. (3) There is no difference in the effect of extension methods and motivation to the applicability of the standard Normal Delivery Care (p = 0089> 0:05). Conclusion: of this study is that no significant interaction effect between extension methods and motivation to the applicability of the standard Normal Delivery Care services. Keywords: demonstrations, lectures, motivation, the applicability of the standard of care normal labor. ABSTRAK SUMIDA ARIYANTI, NIM S.541202148, Perbedaan Pengaruh Metode Penyuluhan Dan Motivasi Terhadap Kemampuan Penerapan Standar Pelayanan Asuhan Persalinan Normal Pada Pelayanan Bidan (Di Wilayah Ranting Kejayan Kabupaten Pasuruan), Pembimbing I : Prof.Dr. Didik Tamtomo, dr, MM, M.Kes, PAK ; Pembimbing II : Dr. Nunuk Suryani, M.Pd, Tesis, Magister Kedokteran Keluarga, Minat Utama Pendidikan Kesehatan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2013. Latar Belakang : Standar pelayanan Asuhan Persalinan Normal adalah acuan pelaksanaan dalam memberikan pelayanan yang berkualitas pada pelayanan bidan. Akan tetapi masih banyak bidan di Wilayah Ranting Kejayan Kabupaten Pasuruan yang belum melaksanakan standar pelayanan Asuhan Persalinan normal pada saat pertolongan persalinan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode penyuluhan yang tepat untuk memberikan efek sadar, tahu dan mengerti sehingga menimbulkan motivasi tinggi pada diri bidan untuk dapat menerapkan standar pelayanan Asuhan Persalinan Normal secara baik dan benar. Tujuan penelitian : Menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh metode penyuluhan dan motivasi terhadap kemampuan penerapan standar pelayanan asuhan persalinan normal pada pelayanan Bidan (di Wilayah Ranting Kejayan Kabupaten Pasuruan). Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimen murni, dengan Populasi seluruh bidan di Wilayah Ranting Kejayan Kabupaten Pasuruan, sampel sejumlah 40 orang dipilih dengan teknik proportionate random sampling. Metode ceramah digunakan sebagai pembanding. Data motivasi menggunakan kuisioner tertutup, sedangkan untuk data kemampuan asuhan persalinan normal dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan chekslist baku, kemudian data dianalisis dengan menggunakan model anava two way. Hasil : (1) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh metode penyuluhan demonstrasi dibandingkan dengan metode ceramah terhadap kemampuan penerapan standar Asuhan Persalinan Normal (p= 0.012 <0.05). (2) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh motivasi tinggi dan rendah terhadap kemampuan penerapan standar Asuhan Persalinan Normal (p= 0.038 <0.05). (3) Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh metode penyuluhan dan motivasi terhadap kemampuan penerapan standar Asuhan Persalinan Normal (p = 0.089>0.05). Kesimpulan: dalam penelitian ini adalah tidak ada interaksi pengaruh yang signifikan antara metode penyuluhan dan motivasi terhadap kemampuan penerapan standar pelayanan Asuhan Persalinan Normal. Kata Kunci: demonstrasi, ceramah, motivasi, kemampuan penerapan standar asuhan persalinan normal

Diversity of the Lyman continuum escape fractions of high-zz galaxies and its origins

The Lyman continuum (LyC) escape fraction is a key quantity to determine the contribution of galaxies to cosmic reionization. It has been known that the escape fractions estimated by observations and numerical simulations show a large diversity. However, the origins of the diversity are still uncertain. In this work, to understand what quantities of galaxies are responsible for controlling the escape fraction, we numerically evaluate the escape fraction by performing ray-tracing calculation with simplified disc galaxy models. With a smooth disc model, we explore the dependence of the escape fraction on the disposition of ionizing sources, and find that the escape fraction varies up to $\sim 3$ orders of magnitude. It is also found that the halo mass dependence of disc scale height determines whether the escape fraction increases or decreases with halo mass. With a clumpy disc model, it turns out that the escape fraction increases as the clump mass fraction increases because the density in the inter-clump region decreases. In addition, we find that clumpiness regulates the escape fraction via two ways when the total clump mass dominates the total gas mass; the escape fraction is controlled by the covering factor of clumps if the clumps are dense sufficient to block LyC photons, otherwise the clumpiness works to reduce the escape fraction by increasing the total number of recombination events in a galaxy.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, 1 tabl

Test results for composite specimens and elements containing joints and cutouts

A program was conducted to develop the technology for joints and cutouts in a composite fuselage that meets all design requirements of a large transport aircraft for the 1990s. An advanced trijet derivative of the DC-10 was selected as the baseline aircraft. Design and analysis of a 30-foot-long composite fuselage barrel provided a realistic basis for the test effort. The primary composite material was Hexcel F584 resin on 12 K IM6 fiber, in tape and broadgoods form. Fiberglass broadgoods were used in E-glass and S-glass fiber form in the cutout region of some panels. Additionally, injection-molded chopped graphite fiber/PEEK was used for longeron-to-frame shear clips. The test effort included four groups of test specimens, beginning with coupon specimens of mono-layer and cross-piled laminates, progressing through increasingly larger and more complex specimens, and ending with two 4- by 5-foot curved fuselage side panels. One of the side panels incorporated a transverse skin splice, while the second included two cabin window cutouts