Reliability and construct validity of the Gratitude Questionnaire 6 Item Form (GQ 6) in a sample of Japanese college students

This study examined the reliability and construct validity of the Japanese translation (GQ-6-J) of the Gratitude Questionnaire 6-item form (GQ-6) in a sample of 409 Japanese college students (166 women, 263 men; mean age = 20.6 years, SD = 1.36), who completed the questionnaire on two occasions separated by four weeks. Internal consistency reliability (?s = .92 and .92 for the two administrations, respectively) and test–retest reliability (r = .86) were good. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the GQ-6-J confirmed the same single factor structure as that of the original GQ-6. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the GQ-6-J is distinguishable from the measures of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. As expected, the GQ-6-J scores were moderately correlated with scores on the measures of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Because these results provided support for the reliability and construct validity of the GQ-6-J, the measure is expected to contribute to research in the Japanese population as a suitable instrument to assess dispositional gratitude

Measurement invariance of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience Across 13 countries

The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) is widely used to measure emotional experiences, but not much is known about its cross-cultural utility. The present study evaluated the measurement invariance of the SPANE across adult samples (N = 12,635; age range = 18-85 years; 58.2% female) from 13 countries (China, Colombia, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Turkey, and the United States). Configural and partial scalar invariance of the SPANE were supported. Three items capturing specific negative emotions (sad, afraid, and angry) were found to be culturally noninvariant. Our findings suggest that the SPANE's positive emotion terms and general negative emotion terms (e.g., negative and unpleasant) might be more suitable for cross-cultural studies on emotions and well-being, whereas caution is needed when comparing countries using the SPANE's specific negative emotion item