653 research outputs found
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Family Focused Nursing Interventions on Knowledge and Functional Health Problems among Older Adults and their Caregivers at Selected Rural Community Setting
INTRODUCTION:
India is an aging society with the rate of ageing population exceeding the growth of the general population. Prevalent problems experienced by the older adults include sleep disorder, problems with eating or feeding, incontinence, confusion, depression, evidence of fall and skin break down. Falls are a leading cause of death in older adults. Falls lead to 20% to 30% of mild to severe injuries and major cause of 10% to 15% of all emergency department visits. Fall related injuries typically occur in the home. Sleep problems can also have serious medical consequences. Insomnia is a strong predictor of mortality and morbidity. Sleep loss may exacerbate medical and psychiatric illnesses. Inadequate sleep (poor quality of sleep) (or) insufficient duration (or) both may result in difficulty with concentration, memory, confusion, increased risk of fall, and decrease the overall quality of life. Falls in community dwelling older adults are often preventable and sleep disturbances are manageable. There is a need for developing a comprehensive care of providing preventive, curative and rehabilitative services to the older adults and supportive education to their caregivers. So, the nurse investigator devised the various nursing intervention strategies to reduce the burden of fall and sleep disturbance and problem of caregiver burden existing among older adults and their caregivers.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess and compare the pre and post test level of functional health problems and knowledge on functional health problems among older adults in experimental and control group.
2. To assess and compare the pre and post test level of knowledge on functional health problems among caregivers in experimental and control group.
3. To determine the effectiveness of family focused nursing interventions on level of functional health problems and knowledge on functional health problems among older adults.
4. To determine the effectiveness of family focused nursing interventions on level of knowledge on functional health problems among caregivers.
5. To correlate the post test level of knowledge with the level of functional health problems among older adults in experimental and control group.
6. To correlate the post test level of knowledge on functional health problems of caregivers with the level of knowledge and functional health problems among older adults in experimental and control group.
7. To associate the selected background variables with mean differed functional health problems score and knowledge score among older adults in experimental and control group.
8. To associate the selected demographic variables with mean differed knowledge score among caregivers in experimental and control group.
NULL HYPOTHESES:
NH1: There is no significant difference in the pre and post test level of functional health problems and knowledge on functional health problems among older adults between experimental and control group at p<0.05 level.
NH2: There is no significant difference in the pre and post test level of knowledge on functional health problems among caregivers between experimental and control group at p<0.05 level.
NH3: There is no significant correlation between the post test level of knowledge with level of functional health problems among older adults in experimental and control group at p<0.05 level.
NH4: There is no significant correlation between the post test level of knowledge of caregivers with post test level of functional health problems and knowledge among older adults in experimental and control group at p<0.05 level.
NH5: There is no significant association of selected background variable with mean differed functional health problems score and knowledge score among older adults in experimental and control group at p<0.05 level.
NH6: There is no significant association of selected demographic variable with mean differed knowledge score among caregivers in experimental and control group at p<0.05 level.
The conceptual frame work for the present study was based on the Integrated theory of Robert R. Carkhuff helping and human relations theory and Stuffle Beam CIPP evaluation model which guided the investigator through a systematic approach to approach the older adults functional health problems and improve the knowledge of older adults and their caregivers.
METHODOLOGY:
A true experimental two group pretest and post test design was undertaken for the study. The independent variable for the study was family focused nursing interventions and the dependent variable was the knowledge on functional health problems and functional health problems among older adults, knowledge on functional health problems among caregivers. The study was conducted at adopted villages (community) of Omayal Achi Community Health Centre. The samples for the study were older adults who had functional health problems such as risk of fall and sleep disturbances and their caregivers. The total sample size was 220 older adults (108 in experimental group and 112 in control group) and 220 caregivers of older adults (108 in experimental group and 112 in control group). Simple random sampling technique (random number table method) was used to collect the samples.
The data collection instrument for screening of older adults with functional health problem was modified Fulmer SPICES tool and level of function health problem such as risk for fall using modified SAFE tool, and sleep disturbances (Sleep quality -Insomnia) using Pittsburg sleep quality index tool and structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge of older adults and their caregivers.
The investigator conducted the study in three phases. In the first phase, screening was done for all the older adults with functional health problems and in second phase, pre test assessment of level of functional health problems in older adults and level of knowledge among older adults and their caregivers was done. In the third phase, the investigator administered family focused nursing interventions which included family focused education on functional health problems using flash cards, possible modification at home environment with balance and strengthening exercise for fall prevention and sleep hygiene with breathing exercise for reduction of sleep disturbances. Reinforcement of information and adherence of exercise was administered by direct visit using flashcards and video show and post test was done at 1st, 3rd and 6th months.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The data analysis findings at the end of the 6th month (Post test 3) on risk for fall, sleep disturbances and knowledge among older adults and knowledge among care givers after administering Family Focused Nursing Interventions (FFNI) revealed the following results.
With regard to the risk for fall among older adults in experimental group, the overall mean score was 3.37 with the SD 1.21, whereas in control group, it was 7.35 with the SD 1.93. The unpaired ’t’ test value of t=18.26 proved that there was a high statistical significant difference between the experimental and control group at p < 0.001 level. FFNI such as education on fall, balance and strengthening exercise, modification of possible home environment had significantly reduced the risk for fall among older adults in the experimental group (29.7%) than in the control group (1.6%).
With regard to the level of sleep disturbances among older adults in experimental group, the overall mean score was 4.71 with the SD 3.79, whereas in control group, it was 8.92 with the SD 0.48. The unpaired ’t’ test value of t=11.66 proved that, there was a high statistical significant difference between the experimental and control group at p < 0.001 level. FFNI such as education on sleep, breathing exercises and sleep hygiene had significantly reduced the sleep disturbances among older adults in the experimental group (23.7%) than in the control group (0.6%).
With regard to the level of knowledge among older adults in the experimental group, the overall mean score was 17.38 with the SD 1.34, whereas in control group, it was 9.20 with the SD 2.87. The unpaired ‘t’ test value of t= 27.14 proved that, there was a high statistical significant difference in the level of knowledge among older adults between the experimental and control group at p < 0.001 level. FFNI such as family focused education had significantly improved the level of knowledge of older adults in the experimental group (44.8%) than in the control group (0%).
With regard to the level of knowledge among caregivers in the experimental group, the overall mean score was 17.82 with the SD 1.59, whereas in control group, it was 9.10 with the SD 2.87. The unpaired ‘t’ test value of t=7.14 proved that, there was a high statistical significant difference between the experimental and control group at p < 0.001 level. FFNI such as family focused education had significantly improved the level of knowledge of caregivers in the experimental group (42.7%) than in the control group (1.1%).
Thus the family focused nursing intervention had significantly reduced the functional health problem and improved the knowledge among older adults and their caregivers in the experimental group.
CONCLUSION:
The research phenomena focused on family focused nursing intervention for older adults and care giver, in which the knowledge and functional health problems among older adults and knowledge of care givers were assessed. The research investigator utilized the FFNI which included family focused education, balance and strengthening exercise, possible modification at home environment, sleep hygiene and breathing exercise. The study concluded that there was a significant reduction of risk for fall rate by 29.7%, reduction of sleep disturbances rate by 23.7% and improvement of knowledge among older adults and their caregiver’s rate by 44.8%, and 42.7% respectively. The study result proposes and the research investigator also recommends that the utilization of FFNI in any setting will help to promote active aging
The Liminality in Silapathikaram
‘The spirit of ancient culture is boon to the present life’. The world consists of the five great powers (pancha boothangal) land, air, fire, water and universe. The different religious worshipping present in Hindu culture. Production, protection, destroying, blessings predict through liminality. The essay reveals the views of liminality present in silapathikaram how related with present people’s principles. Humans who workshipped the nature, they workshipped the deities in the two forms, the minor deity and the super deity. To proclaim the God’s blessing, they designed a god’s statue, Idols and they celebrated a function to worship a god. In order to cover up the crimes committed by those who lived and died with them, the peace workship became as the deity worship. By praying soul, they hopped that the souls liminality will save and protect the people, so that they started workship a dead soul. All forums showed in silapathikaram had been seen as liminality. They had a fear and opinion that the God will punish the people , If anybody did a mistake. Many God’s has been as liminality in silapathikaram, kannaghi has been shown as a Pathini God. She was not a goddess for a particular part of people , she is defined as a goddess for all Tamil people. After Thousands of years , apart from language, race, country till now kannaghi is believed as a goddess, because in silapthikaram, the liminality is released through kannaghi. This is the reason which makes kannaghi as a goddess
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Human Movement recognization or gesture recognization via mathematical algorithm is attracting great attention in recent years mainly because of its applications the key element of such system is smart user interface which can actually recognizes the gestures or the movement and convey the same message. Which is actually quite challenging because of its various parameter? In this paper I am try to work on this challenge of traditional sensors and improve the interaction between machine and sensing system by usage of radars to detect the gestures
Transport in Luttinger Liquids
We give a brief introduction to Luttinger liquids and to the phenomena of
electronic transport or conductance in quantum wires. We explain why the
subject of transport in Luttinger liquids is relevant and fascinating and
review some important results on tunneling through barriers in a
one-dimensional quantum wire and the phenomena of persistent currents in
mesoscopic rings. We give a brief description of our own work on transport
through doubly-crossed Luttinger liquids and transport in the Schulz-Shastry
exactly solvable Luttinger-like model.Comment: Latex file, 15 pages, four eps figure
DNA Intuitionistic fuzzy turing machine
The restriction enzymes of bacteria are used to cut and insert the two strands of double-stranded DNA at different positions that cause overhangs of single stranded DNA. We developed an encoding transition table of an intuitionistic fuzzy Turing machine that processes series of restriction(cut) and ligation of DNA fragments or oligonucleotides that can be used to find the Body Mass Index of human being.Publisher's Versio
Detection of Link Failures and Autonomous Reconfiguration in WMNs
During their lifetime, multihop wireless mesh networks (WMNs) experience frequent link failures caused by channel interference, dynamic obstacles, and/or applications’ bandwidth demands. By reconfiguring these link failures ARS generates an effective reconfiguration plan that requires only local network configuration changes by exploiting channel, radio, and path diversity. ARS effectively identifies reconfiguration plans that satisfy QoS constraints. And ARS's online reconfigurability allows for real-time time failure detection and network reconfiguration. ARS is mainly evaluated in IEEE 802.11a networks. It's design goal is to reconfigure from network link failures accurately. Even then WMNs face some frequent link failures. By overcome these problems  we present Localized sElf-reconfiGuration algOrithms (LEGO) to autonomously and effectively recnfigure from wireless link failures. First, LEGO locally detects link failures. Second, it dynamically forms/deforms a local group for cooperative network reconfiguration among local mesh routers in a fully distributed manner. Next, LEGO intelligently generates a local network reconfiguration plan. Finally, by figuring local channel utilization and reconfiguration cost in its planning, LEGO maximizes the network’s ability to meet diverse links’ QoS demands. LEGO has been implemented on a Linux-based system and experimented on a real life test bed, demonstrating its effectiveness in recovering from link failures and its improvement of channel efficiency by up to 92%. Keywords - Self-Reconfigurable Networks, Multi-Radio Wireless Networks, IEEE 802.11, WLAN access points (AP)
Study on Performance Analysis of CMOS RF front-end circuits for 2.4GHz Wireless Applications
In this paper, low voltage design concepts and new CMOS front-end circuits for 2.4GHz wireless applications are presented. The performances of these circuits are analysed and compared with other existing structures using TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS technology scale. The design trade-offs between impedance matching, power gain and noise figure of low-noise amplifiers are highlighted. The advantage of the introduced mixer topology is expressed in terms of conversion gain, noise figure and linearity. At a supply voltage of 1.8V, the design and performance analysis have been performed using Agilent’s Advanced Design System (ADS2009) software
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