Variasi Genetik Pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Konservasi Sumberdaya Genetik Cendana (Santalum Album Linn.) Populasi Pulau Timor Bagian Timur

Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) Is a native species of East Nusa Tenggara that have high economic value because it contains oil in the hardwood that is used as a raw material for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, sandalwood population in East Nusa Tenggara has declined severely caused of massive exploitation in the past without accompanied by the success of replanting. Excessive exploitation impact on the decreasing of genetic diversity. Conservation was initiatied by the Forestry Research Institute of Kupang in 2012 with Eastern Part of Timor Island as a genetic material source. This study was aimed to investigate the genetic variation of plant growth on sandalwood (Santalum album linn.) genetic conservation from Eastern Part of Timor Island until 8 months after planting. The research was designed using Incomplete Block Design (IBD), consists of 25 families, single treeplot and 10 blocks as replicates. The variance analysis showed there was no significant difference between the families tested and the average height and diameter growth of test plants respectively 51,02 cm and 4.70 mm. The families heritability (h2f) estimation of height is 0.70 high category and the diameter is 0.53 medium category

Pola Konsumsi Pangan Berbahan Ubi Kayu di Jawa Tengah

Ubi kayu adalah komoditas yang tingkat produksi dan keragaman jenis pangan relatif tinggi di Jawa Tengah. Diversifikasi pangan berbahan ubi kayu telah banyak dilakukan untuk menekan ketergantungan pada beras. Namun semua upaya itu tidak banyak mengangkat konsumsi ubi kayu pada segmen sosial sasarannya. Disi sisi lain, konsumsi pangan berbahan ubi kayu dalam berragam macamnya ditemukan di semua wilayah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat Jawa Tengah. Untuk itu dilakukan serangkaian penelitian untuk mengangkat pola konsumsi masyarakat Jawa Tengah atas jenis-jenis makanan dan bahan pangan berbahan ubi kayu di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian di lakukan terhadap 1.625keluarga, dengan teknik recalling 72 jam, selama 4 minggu, di 9 Kabupaten, pada tahun 2009 2010. Dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa pola konsumsi masyarakat Jawa Tengah pada makanan atau bahan pangan berasal dari ubi, rata-rata per bulan untuk makanan utama adalah 34 kali, untuk lauk dimasak sendiri 19 kali, lauk jadi 6 kali, makanan penyela 4 kali dan jajanan 3 kali. Rata-rata konsumsi per kapita setiap kali mengkonsumsi untuk makanan utama adalah 56 gram, lauk nabati 16 gram, lauk jadi 56 gram, makanan penyela 108 gram dan jajanan 25 gram. Konsumsi makanan dari bahan-bahan berbahan ubi kayu di Jawa Tengah relatif tinggi, dengan persentase tertinggi adalah untuk lauk nabati 31,82%, makanan penyela 10,35% dan jajanan 7,18%, sementara responden yang mengkonsumsi untuk makanan utama 1,42%. Seluruh bahan makanan berbahan ubi kayu yang dikonsumsi hanya sebesar 264.159 ton, yang berasal dari 190.747 ton ubi kayu kering pada kadar air 12%. Dari konsumsi sebesar ini, 111.360 ton diantaranya di konsumsi di rumah, 80.693 sisanya di luar rumah. Kategori makanan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah makanan penyela dan jajanan, berturut-turut 85.167 ton (44,65%) dan 61.051 ton (32,01%), yang diikuti kategori lauk nabati sebesar 40.114 ton (21,03%). Tingkat konsumsi untuk makanan utama, kayu hanya 4.409 ton atau 2,31%. Tidak ditemukan satu keluargapun yang mengkonsmsi makanan jadi berbahan bahan ubi kay

Fertility Variation and Effective Population Size in a Teak Clonal Seed Orchard

A 27 year old clonal seed orchard of teak (Tectona grandis L.f ) in Padangan, East Java comprising 24 clones, was evaluated for fertility, offspring diversity, and genetic drift. Flower and fruit productions were used to assess clone fertility in the orchard. Fertility variation measured as ‘sibling coefficient' was found to be 1,62, having high genetic diversity (0,97) and low coancestry (0,03). The clones varied in fertility in which, 25 % of the most fertile clones in the orchard contributed to 47,5 % of flower and fruit yields. Effective population size in the orchard was 15, indicating that 15 of the clones contributed effectively to seed yield. Separating on the amounts of seeds that can be collected, individual collection, and proportional mixing of seed per clone might be useful in restricting over representation of highly reproductive clones thereby increasing genetic diversity in the seed crop. Another way to improve seed yield in the orchard is by increasing the effective population size. Thinning or prunning on highly reproductive clones might be useful in increasing effective population size

Efek Strategi Pembelajaran Ditinjau Dari Kemampuan Awal Matematika Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Kelas XI IPS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) pengaruh strategi pembelajaran STAD dan strategi pembelajaran TPS terhadap hasil belajar matematika, (2) pengaruh kemampuan awal matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika, (3) interaksi strategi pembelajaran dan kemampuan awal matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif dengan desain quasi eksperiment. Populasi penelitian siswa kelas XI IPS SMAN 2 Sukoharjo tahun 2015/2016. Sampel penelitian ialah XI IPS 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen menggunakan strategi pembelajaran STAD dan XI IPS 3 sebagai kelas kontrol menggunakan strategi pembelajaran TPS. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan analisis variansi dua jalan sel tak sama, sebelumnya dilakukan uji prasyarat normalitas dan homogenitas. Hasil penelitian pada α=5%, (1) ada pengaruh strategi pembelajaran STAD dan TPS terhadap hasil belajar matematika; (2) ada pengaruh kemampuan awal matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika; (3) ada interaksi strategi pembelajaran dan kemampuan awal matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika

Fuel Saving Strategy in Spark Ignition Engine Using Fuzzy Logic Engine Torque Control

In the case of injection gasoline engine, or better known as spark ignition engines, an effort to improve engine performance as well as to reduce fuel consumption is a fairly complex problem. Generally, engine performance improvement efforts will lead to increase in fuel consumption. However, this problem can be solved by implementing engine torque control based on intelligent regulation such as the fuzzy logic inference system. In this study, fuzzy logic engine torque regulation is used to control the throttle position entered by the driver to achieve optimal engine torque. An engine torque vs. throttle position and engine speed mapping for vehicles with economical function is used to build this control process regulation. From the simulation result, it can be concluded that this control strategy is very effective to reduce fuel consumption and simultaneously to optimize the engine performance

Penentuan Runutan Cu, Cr, Mn Dan Fe Dalam Matriks Air Laut Dengan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom Dan Ekstraksi Pelarut

A method has been studied for the analysis of trace metals such as Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe in artificial seawater matrix samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS). Concentration of theSe metals was carried out by extraction using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) after being reacted with complexing agents, and transfered into aqueous solution by backextraction using 4 N nitric acid. The metal complexing agents used were ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), sodium diethyldithlocarbamate (Na-DDC), mixture of equal ratio of APDC and Na-DDC. From these study it was found that use of APDC gave recovery for Cu, Cr, Mn and Fe 104.4; 25.4; 0; 83.0 % respectively at pH 5, while use of Na-DDC gave 83.5; 89.0; 79.4 and 81.3 % , respectively at the same pH. A mixture of equal ratio of APDC and Na-DDC was found to gave recovery for Cu, cr, Mn and Fe of 104.6; 103.9; 102.1 and 101.2 %, respectively at pH 5

Bioactive Compounds Isolated From Lignin of Empty Bunch Palm Fiber and Their Effects on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of bioactive compounds isolated from purified lignin formacell (PLF) of empty bunch palm fiber as natural antimicrobes and their effects on in vitro rumen fermentation. The first experiment was inhibition test of 11 bioactive compounds isolated from PLF, using disc diffusion method against the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four of the most potential bioactive compounds were then used in the second experiment, which was an in vitro test using fresh rumen liquid of Ongole grade beef cattle, to study their effects on rumen fermentation. Six treatments with 3 replications were applied in a completely randomized block (CRB) design. The treatments were R0= 0.5 g basal diet; R1= R0 + 0.3 mg Rumensin®; R2= R0 + 0.3 mg syringaldehyde; R3= R0 + 0.3 mg p-hydroxybenzoic acid; R4= R0 + 0.3 mg m-hydroxybenzoic acid; and R5= R0 + 0.3 mg oxybenzene. Isolate fraction of CC-2 (syringaldehyde), CC-3 (m-hydroxybenzoic acid), VLC-5 (oxybenzene), and VLC-9 (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) exhibited antimicrobes activity against all tested bacteria. Other isolated fractions exhibited antimicrobes activity only against 1 or 2 tested bacteria. The use of syringaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and oxybenzene improved ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis, and nutrients digestibility. Bioactive compounds had no effect on rumen pH but reduced total VFA concentration as well as the estimate of methane production

Tempe Koro Pedang (Canavalia Ensiformis [L.] Dc) Ditinjau Dari Sifat Fisik Dan Kimia

Jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis [L.]DC) are legume that rich in protein content (23,827,6% in dry bean). In Indonesia, people seldom use it for daily consumption. Therefore, needed some ways to make this more usefull. One of the ways is used as raw material in tempe production. Processing known can change the composition of foodstuff compounds. In tempe production, there are many step of processing that important, but in this study focus just on soaking process. The goal of this research is to know effect of soaking (during 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours) on physicochemical properties of jack bean tempe. Results show that increasingly the time of soaking make hardness reduction, influence the proximate composition especially reduce protein and ash (mineral) content. Tempe which have the higest value of hardness is tempe with 24 hours soaking (1645,74 gf). The 24 hours soaking tempe have 62,78 % moisture, 2,93 % ash, 20,48 % crude protein, 1,86 % lipid, and 11.95 % carbohidrate content. The 36 hours soaking tempe have 61,82 % moisture, 2,39 % ash, 19,76 % crude protein, 2,25 % lipid, and 13.78 % carbohidrate content. The 48 hours soaking tempe have 61,84 % moisture, 1,92 % ash, 18,87 % crude protein, 2,57 % lipid, 2,82 % crude fiber, and 14.81 % carohidrate content

USAha Penanggulangan Vektor Malaria dan Filariasis melalui Penyuluhan Kesehatan di Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Wulanggitang, Kabupaten Flores Timur Nusa Tenggara Timur

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of school health education for mosquito borne diseases vector control program was conducted in East Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The method of study include education program for the teachers and 4th through 6th grade students from 2 primary schools and another school in the area was chosen as control. The evaluation was made through responses obtained from the questionaires given before and after the education program for malaria and filariasis regarding their sign, symptoms, the vector and prevention. The results show that there are 3,82% and 4,10% increase in knowledge about malaria and filaria respectively after the education program. This means the education material was well accepted. Although there was an overall increase in knowledge about malaria, no similar response was noted for filariasis. Thus the education material for filariasis should be improved. The result of the study suggest that a continous education program for malaria and filariasis should be incorporated into the regular School Health Education curicullum in the endemic areas