EOSINOPHILIC VARIANT OF CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA - A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA

Introduction: Eosinophilic variant of clear cell renal cell carcinoma is an important entity to diagnose since it is aggressive and is associated with poor prognosis. Case Report: A 75-year-old patient presented with pain abdomen. The magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass in the kidney. The differential diagnosis given was renal cell carcinoma and hydatid cyst. Nephrectomy was done and the specimen was sent for histopathology. The specimen showed a gray-brown lesion with extensive areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. On microscopy, the tumor cells were arranged in nests. The cells had abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. The differential diagnosis on morphology was chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma with extensive inflammation. However, immunohistochemistry (IHC) proved the diagnosis of eosinophilic variant of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Hence, IHC is an essential adjunct to morphology in diagnosing renal neoplasms

With ChatGPT, do we have to rewrite our learning objectives -- CASE study in Cybersecurity

With the emergence of Artificial Intelligent chatbot tools such as ChatGPT and code writing AI tools such as GitHub Copilot, educators need to question what and how we should teach our courses and curricula in the future. In reality, automated tools may result in certain academic fields being deeply reduced in the number of employable people. In this work, we make a case study of cybersecurity undergrad education by using the lens of ``Understanding by Design'' (UbD). First, we provide a broad understanding of learning objectives (LOs) in cybersecurity from a computer science perspective. Next, we dig a little deeper into a curriculum with an undergraduate emphasis on cybersecurity and examine the major courses and their LOs for our cybersecurity program at Miami University. With these details, we perform a thought experiment on how attainable the LOs are with the above-described tools, asking the key question ``what needs to be enduring concepts?'' learned in this process. If an LO becomes something that the existence of automation tools might be able to do, we then ask ``what level is attainable for the LO that is not a simple query to the tools?''. With this exercise, we hope to establish an example of how to prompt ChatGPT to accelerate students in their achievements of LOs given the existence of these new AI tools, and our goal is to push all of us to leverage and teach these tools as powerful allies in our quest to improve human existence and knowledge

Identification of a Contiguous 6-Residue Determinant in the MHV Receptor That Controls the Level of Virion Binding to Cells

AbstractMurine carcinoembryonic antigens serve as receptors for the binding and entry of the enveloped coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) into cells. Numerous receptor isoforms are now known, and each has extensive differences in its amino terminal immunoglobulin-like domain (NTD) to which MHV binds via its protruding spike proteins. Some of these receptor alterations may affect the ability to bind viral spikes. To identify individual residues controlling virus binding differences, we have used plasmid and vaccinia virus vectors to express two forms of MHV receptor differing only in their NTD. The two receptors, designated biliary glycoproteins (Bgp) 1aand 1bNTD, varied by 29 residues in the 107 amino acid NTD. When expressed from cDNAs in receptor-negative HeLa cells, these two Bgp molecules were displayed on cell surfaces to equivalent levels, as both were equally modified by a membrane-impermeant biotinylation reagent. Infectious center assays revealed that the 1aisoform was 10 to 100 times more effective than 1bNTDin its ability to confer sensitivity to MHV (strain A59) infection. Bgp1awas also more effective than Bgp1bNTDin comparative virus adsorption assays, binding 6 times more MHV (strain A59) and 2.5 times more MHV (strain JHMX). Bgp1awas similarly more effective in promoting the capacity of viral spikes to mediate intercellular membrane fusion as judged by quantitation of syncytia following cocultivation of spike and receptor-bearing cells. To identify residues influencing these differences, we inserted varying numbers of 1bresidues into the Bgp1abackground via restriction fragment exchange and site-directed mutagenesis. Analysis of the resulting chimeric receptors showed that residues 38 to 43 of the NTD were key determinants of the binding and fusion differences between the two receptors. These residues map to an exposed loop (C-C′ loop) in a structural model of the closely related human carcinoembryonic antigen

Boost driven transition in the superconductivity proximitized edge of a quantum spin Hall insulator

We investigate the effects of introducing a boost (a Zeeman field parallel to the spin quantization axis) at the proximitized helical edge of a two-dimensional (2D) quantum spin Hall insulator. Our self-consistent analysis finds that a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) superconducting phase may emerge at the edge when the boost is larger than a critical value tied to the induced pairing gap. A non-trivial consequence of retaining the 2D bulk in the model is that this boundary FFLO state supports a finite magnetization as well as finite current (flowing along the edge). This has implications for a proper treatment of the ultra-violet cutoff in analyses employing the effective one-dimensional (1D) helical edge model. Our results may be contrasted with previous studies of such 1D models, which found that the FFLO phase either does not appear for any value of the boost (in non-self-consistent calculations), or that it self-consistently appears even for infinitesimal boost, but carries no current and magnetization.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Rosuvastatin induced gynecomastia: a rare presentation of newer statin

Gynecomastia is a common benign disease characterized by the progressive enlargement of the glandular tissue of the male breast. The etiology may vary and may be physiological, pharmacological, pathological, or even idiopathic. Among men, drug induced gynecomastia may account for 10-20% of cases. Several case reports have associated this condition to the use of statins. However, there are few case reports of rosuvastatin induced gynecomastia have been reported in literature. We describe a 45-year-old male who developed bilateral gynecomastia after one month of rosuvastatin therapy, after switching to a different or less potent statin (atorvastatin), his symptoms resolved with-in one month. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a possible relationship between the patient’s development of gynecomastia and rosuvastatin therapy

Evaluation of conventional, protaper hand and protaper rotary instrumentation system for apical extrusion of debris, irrigants and bacteria- An in vitro randomized trial

Endodontic instrumentation carries the risk of over extrusion of debris and bacteria. The technique used and the type of instrumentation influences this risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the K-file, ProTaper hand and ProTaper rotary instrumentation systems for the amount of apically extruded debris, irrigant solution and intracanal bacteria. Experimental single blinded randomized type of in vitro study with sample of 30 single rooted teeth. Endodontic access cavities were prepared and the root canals were filled with the suspension of E. faecalis. Myers and Montogomery Model was used to collect apically extruded debris and irrigant. Canals were prepared using K files, Hand protapers and Protaper rotary files. Non Parametric test like Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test were applied to determine the significant differences among the group. Tests revealed statistically significant difference between the amount of debris and number of bacteria extruded by the ProTaper hand and the K-files. No statistically significant difference was observed between the amounts of irrigant extruded by the ProTaper hand and the K-file system. Statistically significant differences were observed between the amounts of bacteria and irrigant extruded by the ProTaper rotary and the Protaper hand. No statistically significant difference was observed between the amounts of debris extruded by the ProTaper hand and the K-file system. Amount of apical extrusion of irrigant solution, bacteria and debris are significantly greater with K File instruments and least with Protaper rotary instruments

Emergence of spin-active channels at a quantum Hall interface

We study the ground state of a system with an interface between $\nu=4$ and $\nu=3$ in the quantum Hall regime. Far from the interface, for a range of interaction strengths, the $\nu=3$ region is fully polarized but $\nu=4$ region is locally a singlet. Upon varying the strength of the interactions and the width of the interface, the system chooses one of two distinct edge/interface phases. In phase A, stabilized for wide interfaces, spin is a good quantum number, and there are no gapless long-wavelength spin fluctuations. In phase B, stabilized for narrow interfaces, spin symmetry is spontaneously broken at the Hartree-Fock level. Going beyond Hartree-Fock, we argue that phase B is distinguished by the emergence of gapless long-wavelength spin excitations bound to the interface, which can, in principle, be detected by a measurement of the relaxation time $T_2$ in nuclear magnetic resonance.Comment: 9 pages 10 figures including supplemental materia