Pelatihan Peningkatan Self-Esteem pada Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia yang Mengalami Distres Psikologis

Undergraduate students with high levels of self-esteem tend to have good adjustments in lectures. They will have the ability to deal with college problems and automatically reduce their psychological distress. This study used a quasi experimental method which is conducted to determine the increase of self-esteem in students who experience psychological distress. Participants of this study were 8 undergraduate students from Universitas Indonesia aged 18-23 years with a level of self-esteem below the value of 29 as measured by Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), and had a level of psychological distress above the value of 1.75 as measured by HSCL-25. Participants were involved in the intervention of increasing self-esteem consisting of 5 main sessions for two consecutive days (about 6 hours a day). Four weeks after the second day of training, the participant's level of self-esteem and psychological distress were measured. The result of pre and posttest intervention showed that the participant’s mean score of self-esteem increased and the mean score of psychological distress decreased. The result of Wilcoxon test also showed a significant change in both variables (Z RSES = -2.246; Z HSCL-25 = -2.366; p < .05). This study shows that training intervention is effective in increasing the level of self-esteem and reducing the level of psychological distress for undergraduate students at Universitas Indonesia. Participants also commented that they gained new knowledge about self-esteem and new skills to communicate assertively and think positively.Mahasiswa dengan tingkat self-esteem yang tinggi cenderung memiliki penyesuaian yang baik di perkuliahan. Mereka akan memiliki kemampuan untuk menangani masalah kuliah dan secara otomatis mengurangi distres psikologis mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental kuasi yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui peningkatan self-esteem pada mahasiswa yang mengalami distres psikologi. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 8 mahasiswa S1 Universitas Indonesia yang berusia 18-23 tahun dengan tingkat self-esteem di bawah nilai 29 yang diukur dengan Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), dan memiliki tingkat distres psikologi di atas nilai 1.75 yang diukur dengan HSCL-25. Partisipan terlibat dalam intervensi peningkatan self-esteem yang terdiri dari 5 sesi utama selama dua hari berturut-turut (sekitar 6 jam dalam sehari). Empat minggu setelah hari kedua pelatihan, tingkat self-esteem dan distres psikologis responden diukur. Hasil pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa skor mean self-esteem peserta mengalami peningkatan dan skor mean distres psikologis mengalami penurunan. Hasil uji Wilcoxon juga menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan pada kedua variabel (Z RSES = -2.246; Z HSCL-25 = -2.366; p < .05). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi pelatihan efektif dalam meningkatkan self-esteem dan menurunkan distres psikologis bagi mahasiswa S1 Universitas Indonesia. Peserta juga berkomentar bahwa mereka memperoleh pengetahuan baru mengenai self-esteem dan keterampilan baru untuk berkomunikasi secara asertif dan berpikir positif

Police’s and victim care officers’ beliefs about memory and investigative interviewing with children: survey findings from Malaysia

Years of psychological research has demonstrated that the use of investigative interviewing methods based on up-to-date scientific evidence is important to ensure the reliability of child witnesses’ statements. Ideally, professionals working with children are equipped with knowledge of memory functioning, as erroneous beliefs may impact how they handle cases of alleged abuse. Fifty police officers and 23 victim care officers serving the Royal Malaysian Police completed a 20-statement questionnaire assessing beliefs about memory functions and child investigative interviewing. The police sample also read a child sexual abuse case vignette and listed the questions they would ask the alleged victim in an investigative interview. Consistent with findings from other parts of the world, the beliefs of child protection professionals were not always in line with the latest memory research. Directive-type questions were used more than option-posing and suggestive questions. Findings are considered in relation to variations in culture and legal systems

RRR - Mazar_Srull - SUMAMPOUW

Our laboratory's Implementation of the Mazar_Srull RRR protoco

The Dynamics of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Prosecution: What works in interviewing CSA alleged victims

Increasing successful prosecution rates in child sexual abuse (CSA) cases is an important purpose of law enforcement agencies to ensure children’s safety. However, research has shown that legal prosecution of CSA cases is highly complex resulting in only a small percentage of cases being prosecuted and ultimately proven in court. Oftentimes, the probative evidence in CSA cases hinges on the testimony of the child, because suspects in CSA cases are often in denial and because forensic technical evidence is absent. In the current research project, we will conduct several studies related to interviewing alleged CSA victims. In this study, we will implement the NICHD evidence-based forensic child interview protocol at two police stations in Jakarta. The aim of this study is to improve child interviewing methods by police officers. We will investigate the effect of the NICHD protocol training program on police officers’ knowledge and skills by using a pre – post within-subjects design. Furthermore, the effect of the NICHD protocol on alleged victims’ statement quantity and quality, and police officers ‘questioning style will be examined in a study with a group of police officers that uses the NICHD protocol versus a group of officers that uses their usual method of interviewing children. As a subsidiary aim, we will test whether the use of this protocol will have a positive effect on children’s emotional state by lowering negative moo

Police Confirmation Bias in Working with Child Sexual Abuse Cases

Police investigators are expected to examine evidence: eyewitness’ statements, suspect statement, technical evidence (medical or trace evidence), reliably and objectively. Therefore, professionals must be able to dissociate themselves from extraneous context and other influences which potentially interfere with their ability to objectively examine, evaluate and judge the relevant information. However, forensic experts such as police investigators are prone to confirmation bias (Charman, 2013; Kassin, Dror, & Kukucka, 2013). Confirmation bias is expected when forensic experts evaluate and integrate various types of evidence (Charman, 2003). Based on previous findings on the proneness to confirmation bias, we will design an experimental study in which CSA police investigators will be assigned to a bias versus no bias condition. All police investigators will receive a case vignette on CSA in which statements of a young (5 years old) and older child (15 years old) concerning abuse are included. In the bias condition, police interviewers receive extra domain-irrelevant information under the theme either good character or bad character as a child. In this witness statement, As a bad or naughty child is described that the child has often lied about being abused in the past and also demonstrated naughty behavior. On the other hand, as a good child, there are extra information that the child is a nice girl: good academic achievement, obedient and practicing religious very well The other group will not receive this information. Following this, the police officers have to answer questions concerning the credibility of the statements and which type of questions they want to ask in a follow-up interview. It is expected that the bias group mainly the bad girl information, will perceive the statements as less credible and will be least likely to use open invitations in follow-up interviews

Police perceptions of eyewitness impairment due to alcohol and other drug use: a cross-cultural comparison

Victims, witnesses, and suspects of crime are frequently intoxicated by Alcohol or Other Drugs (AOD) during the event. How intoxication is perceived by investigating officers, and the manner in which this is handled during interview procedures, can affect the quality of information obtained and therefore investigative outcomes. Various factors are likely to contribute to how intoxication is handled during the investigation of a crime, including standard procedures, familiarity with the effects of different substances, and cultural attitudes. While findings with respect to the effect of different substances on memory are still emerging, it is important to investigate whether police beliefs are consistent with available evidence. In this study, Australian and Indonesian police officers were surveyed about their perceptions of memory accuracy and credibility of victims and witnesses intoxicated with various substances (e.g., alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, and opioids). A higher proportion of Australian police identified larger negative memory effects associated with alcohol intoxication. At the same time, Indonesian police were found to be more likely to report that intoxication with alcohol would make a victim or witness less credible. With regard to timing, across multiple substances, larger proportions of Australian police reported believing that information obtained from witnesses that were still intoxicated would be more accurate than if interviewed after they became sober. It is concluded that, in order to rectify misconceptions about the impact of AOD intoxication on memory and improve investigative practices, both Australian and Indonesian police would benefit from additional training on the effects of intoxication