Intermittent Fasting as New Approaches as Anti Aging for Preventing Age-associated Diseases

The aging process is inherently linked to an increased susceptibility to various chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this research is to delves into the current body of knowledge surrounding intermittent fasting and its potential implications in preventing age-related diseases. The methodological approach used in this research is systematic review. Research search using PRISMA strategy by searching journal articles from various databases including Scopus, Proquest, Science Direct, CINAHL, and Google Scholar in the last five years from 2019 to 2023. The results of PRISMA found 333 articles identified through the five databases contained in research methods and screened through titles. Result this research is the promising role of intermittent fasting in promoting anti-aging effects and preventing age-associated diseases through its multifaceted influence on cellular and molecular mechanisms. As an innovative avenue, intermittent fasting holds the potential to revolutionize strategies aimed at enhancing healthy aging and longevity. intermittent fasting as new approaches  as anti aging for preventing age-associated diseases

Increased thyroglobulin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand expression is a risk factor of bone metastasis on patients with thyroid cancer

Background: Metastatic bone disease (MBD) of thyroid cancer poses increased risk of morbidity and mortality and significant decrease of quality of life of the patient, with 10 years survival rate of 40-70%. This study aims to find correlation between increased expression of thyroglobulin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) on thyroid cancer biopsy and increased risk of bony metastasis.Methods: This study use case control design to analyze the histopathologic preparation taken from biopsy of the patients with thyroid cancer from 2015 until 2020. The histopathology preparation was cut with 4 µm thickness, then analyzed through immunohistochemistry assay using thyroglobulin antibody cocktail and anti-RANKL polyclonal antibody by a pathologic anatomy consultant. Analysis and correlation between the high thyroglobulin and RANKL expression with the incidence of bony metastasis using chi-squared test and odd ratio calculation.Results: There is a significant difference of thyroglobulin and RANKL expression between the group with metastasis and without metastasis (p=0.05 and p=0.02, respectively). ROC curve analysis of thyroglobulin and RANKL expression resulted in the optimal cutoff value of both parameters. Thyroglobulin cutoff value was 1.70 and RANKL cutoff value was 1.95. The analysis showed significant correlation between high expression of thyroglobulin with the incidence of bony metastasis (p=0.044). Similar result was also found in the high expression of RANKL (p=0.02).Conclusions: Increased thyroglobulin and RANKL expression are a risk factor of bone metastasis on patients with thyroid cancer

The prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer patients in Bali

Mutations in the KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog gene) and BRAF (v‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) gene play a significant role in primary resistance to colorectal cancer therapy. Around 85‐90% of KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer occur in exon 2 (codon 12 and 13), whereas approximately 96% of BRAF mutations occur in exon 15 codon 600 (V600E). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and mutation characteristics of the KRAS and BRAF genes in colorectal cancer patients in Bali. The DNA was isolated from 44 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded colorectal cancer samples which were stored in the Department of Pathology, Sanglah General Hospital in 2017. Detection of mutation was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Out of 44 samples, only 27 were successfully amplified and sequenced. Our findings showed six samples (22.2%) with mutated KRAS at codons 12 and 13 (including two samples with G12D, one sample with G12V, and three samples with G13D). Interestingly, we found three samples (11.1%) of BRAF mutation, including two samples with V600E mutation and one with V600L mutation. Taken together, our results showed that KRAS and BRAF mutations were identified and occurred exclusively. Further studies are essential to identify the correlation of these mutations with colorectal cancer prognosis and response to chemotherap

Case Report: Gastric Wall Thickening: Radiological Diagnostic Challenges in Gastric Malignancy

Gastric abnormalities show nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms and similarly radiological findings. Intra and extra luminal gastric wall thickening are the most common finding in benign and malignant pathologic process. This aim of this case report was to describe several characteristics such as the location and size of the lesion, involvement of the gastric wall and surrounding structures, calcifications, and contrast enhancement pattern which can assist in radiological diagnosis. Several cases at our institution have similar gastrointestinal complaints, however, there were different lesions characteristic found in contrast enhanced abdominal CT scan. The first case 72-years-old man experienced hematemesis with radiologic finding diffuse gastric mucosal thickening as well as homogenous contrast enhancement but without calcification.  The second case 37-years-old man complaint dizziness and melena with radiologic finding large tumor more than 10 cm in size, amorph calcification and heterogenous contrast enhancement. The last 60-years-old man case experienced melena and hematemesis, from abdominal CT scan showed irregular gastric mucosal thickening with heterogenous contrast enhancement and fat stranding around the lesion, without calcification. Methods used in these cases were contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), and biopsy in order to determine the diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan plays a vital role in describing the lesion characteristics which affects the determination of treatment options and future prognosis

Mucinous Adenocarcinoma (Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma) of the Urinary Bladder in Young Male: A Case Report

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare malignancy and accounts for less than 2 % of all malignant urinary bladder tumors. This malignancy occurs more commonly in males, with a peak incidence in the sixth decade of life. Herein, we report a case of a 29-year-old male presenting with pain in the symphysis pubis, urinary frequency, and haematuria. Clinical, laboratory, and radiology findings lead to suspicion of urinary bladder malignancy with bilateral hydronephrosis and chronic kidney disease

Immature Teratoma Ovarium in Young Women: Two Case Reports and Literature Reviews

Immature teratoma is teratoma that contains several variations of immature tissue, including primitive forms and embryoid bodies. This type of neoplasm is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all ovarian tumors and 20% of malignant germ cell tumors in the ovarium. The incidence occurs in young women usually in the first two decades of life and rarely occurs in postmenopausal women

Profile Clinico Patological of Leprosy at Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah Central Hospital Denpasar During 2017 – 2022

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium Leprae. According to the WHO, leprosy is one of the communicable diseases that affect the skin, peripheral nerves, and upper mucosa, and it can cause physical disabilities, if not properly handled. This study aims to determine the clinical and pathological profile of leprosy at Prof. dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah Central Hospital Denpasar, in 2017 - 2022. Metods: The study used a descriptive research design with total sampling from secondary data obtained from the Pathology Anatomy Laboratory of Prof. dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah Central Hospital Denpasar. The sample collected during the study period included 63 samples of patients diagnosed with leprosy, which were then processed using SPSS software version 26. Result: The highest number of cases was found in patients age group of 19-64 years, accounting for 55 cases (87.3%), predominantly in male patients with 36 cases (57.1%). The most common main complaint was red patches, with 43 cases (72.8%) presenting erythematous skin lesions, specifically plaques, in 24 cases (42.8%). Conclusion: Based on classification, leprosy was more frequently grouped into two classifications: WHO classification and Ridley Jopling classification. According to the WHO classification, the majority of patients were found to have the PB type, accounting for 35 cases (55.6%), while based on the Ridley Jopling classification, the BT type was more prevalent, with 21 cases (33.3%). This study is beneficial as it provides insights into the clinical and pathological profile of leprosy. Further analytical research is needed to explore the relationships between various variable