Virulence of wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in the years 2013–2015 and resistance of wheat cultivars in Slovakia

In 2013–2015 virulence in the wheat leaf rust population was evaluated on 17 Thatcher near-isogenic lines with leaf rust resistance genes. A total of 110 wheat leaf rust isolates were analyzed. Resistance genes Lr9 and Lr19 were effective to all tested isolates. Genes Lr24 and Lr28 conditioned resistance to 92% of the tested rust isolates. Thirty-seven winter wheat cultivars registered in Slovakia were analyzed for the presence of Lr10, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34 and Lr37 using tightly linked molecular markers. Gene Lr37 was the most common in the tested cultivars. Leaf rust resistance was also tested in 13 wheat cultivars at the seedling stage with representative pathotypes of leaf rust

AFLP genotyping improves the level of discrimination between the Fusarium species responsible for head blight in wheat

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to genotype 186 Czech isolates of the Fusarium species responsible for head blight disease in wheat. Using 15 primer combinations, 694 polymorphic fragments were detected. The effective number of patterns was dependent on both the identity of the selective primer combination and on which Fusarium species was involved. The most informative primer combinations were CAT + AT, CAT + AC and CTA + AG, and a triplex assay based on CAT was able to distinguish all 186 isolates from each other. A principal component analysis identified six phylogenetic clusters, and this genetic architecture was supported by an analysis of population structure. AFLP profiling is an appropriate method for uncovering differences between these groups of Fusarium species

Fusarium Species Infection in Wheat: Impact on Quality and Mycotoxin Accumulation

International audienceWheat is the most consumed cereal worldwide and can be processed to different products for human consumption. This crop can be infected by Fusarium species, among them those within the Fusarium graminearum complex causing Fusarium head blight (FHB. The disease can severely reduce grain yield and quality under conditions of high humidity and warm temperatures during anthesis. Moreover the grains can be contaminated with mycotoxin such as trichothecenes, among them deoxynivalenol and their acetyl derivates 3-ADON, 15-ADON and DON-3-glucoside. Some years, depending on the environmental conditions Fusarium proliferatum can also infect the grain and fumonisin contamination can be observed. To understand the way of grain infection by Fusarium species will help to undertake strategies to reduce the problem both at pre-harvest and during processing to select adequate procedures to manage mycotoxin production. Different strategies at different stages of the wheat chain have been proposed to reduce the impact of FHB and mycotoxin accumulation