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In bound volumes: Copyright Deposits 1820-186

Dynamics of PhiX174 protein E-mediated lysis of Escherichia coli

Abstract. Expression of cloned gene E of bacteriophage PhiX 174 induces lysis by formation of a transmembrane tunnel structure in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli. Ultrastructural studies of the location of the lysis tunnel indicate that it is preferentially located at the septum or at polar regions of the cell. Furthermore, the diameter and shape of individual tunnel structures vary greatly indicating that its structure is not rigid. Apparently, the contours of individual lysis tunnels are determined by enlarged meshes in the peptidoglycan net and the force produced at its orifice, by the outflow of cytoplasmic content. Once the tunnel is formed the driving force for the lysis process is the osmotic pressure difference between cytoplasm and medium. During the lysis process areas of the cytoplasmic membrane which are not tightly attached to the envelope are extended inward by the negative pressure produced during lysis. After cell lysis external medium can diffuse through the lysis tunnel filling the inner cell space of the still rigid bacterial ghosts

Therapists' helpful and unhelpful situations with LGBT clients: An exploratory study

The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify a broad range of variables that characterize psychotherapists' perceptions of helpful and unhelpful therapy experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of 14 psychotherapists to identify such variables and patterns among them. Results suggest that a wide range of variables, including the therapeutic relationship, therapist response to the client's sexual orientation/ gender identity, type of presenting concern, and the therapy environment, may affect the therapy experiences of this population. The data also suggest that factors such as ethnicity, gender identity, therapy needs, and socioeconomic status should be considered when providing mental health services to this population. Clients dealing with multiple types of marginalization may be particularly challenging for practitioners. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed

Health assessment and seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in wild Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus).

The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, inhabits fresh, brackish, and warm coastal waters distributed along the eastern border of Central America, the northern coast of South America, and throughout the Wider Caribbean Region. Threatened primarily by human encroachment, poaching, and habitat degradation, Antillean manatees are listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The impact of disease on population viability remains unknown in spite of concerns surrounding the species' ability to rebound from a population crash should an epizootic occur. To gain insight on the baseline health of this subspecies, a total of 191 blood samples were collected opportunistically from wild Antillean manatees in Belize between 1997 and 2009. Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals were established, and antibody prevalence to eight pathogens with zoonotic potential was determined. Age was found to be a significant factor of variation in mean blood values, whereas sex, capture site, and season contributed less to overall differences in parameter values. Negative antibody titers were reported for all pathogens surveyed except for Leptospira bratislava, L. canicola, and L. icterohemorrhagiae, Toxoplasma gondii, and morbillivirus. As part of comprehensive health assessment in manatees from Belize, this study will serve as a benchmark aiding in early disease detection and in the discernment of important epidemiologic patterns in the manatees of this region. Additionally, it will provide some of the initial tools to explore the broader application of manatees as sentinel species of nearshore ecosystem health

Vaccination of 50+ adults to promote healthy ageing in Europe: The way forward

The proportion of the population ≥65 years old is about 17% today and will be about 27% in 2050 worldwide. The problem, however, is not ageing in itself, it is individual disabilities associated with ageing. This manuscript summarizes the consensus points reached during a pan-European meeting on gaps and barriers in making vaccination of adults aged 50+ a reality and on further joint actions in Europe. The shift from childhood to life-long vaccination is essential to prevent disability, morbidity and mortality in the elderly and promote healthy ageing. This vaccination shift is a major challenge in the post-truth, media-based era in countries with dwindling resources for the provision of healthcare. The challenge can be met only by adopting an innovative approach designed to shift the mindset of decision-makers from treatment to prevention. A number of key actions are required and for these actions a European multidisciplinary network including health authorities, medical doctors with different specialties, sociologists, psychologists, pharmaceutical companies and Associations of patients appears mandatory

Seroprevalence (%) of exposure to <i>Leptospira bratislava</i> in the sample population as a whole and by capture site in wild Antillean manatees <i>(Trichechus manatus manatus)</i> in Belize between 1997 and 2009.

<p>Seroprevalence (%) of exposure to <i>Leptospira bratislava</i> in the sample population as a whole and by capture site in wild Antillean manatees <i>(Trichechus manatus manatus)</i> in Belize between 1997 and 2009.</p

Hematology and biochemistry values by age class for wild Antillean manatees (<i>Trichechus manatus manatus</i>) in Belize between 1997 and 2009 with <i>P</i> values^b indicating significant age differences.

a<p>Hb  =  hemaglobin, PCV  =  packed cell volume, RBC  =  red blood cell count, WBC  =  white blood cell count, Lymphs  =  lymphocytes, PLT  =  platelet count, Creat  =  creatinine, ALP  =  alkaline phosphatase, Chol  =  cholesterol, TP  =  total protein, Phos  =  phosphorous.</p>b<p><i>P</i> values from <i>F</i>-test with 2 and n–3 <i>df.</i></p