Face Recognition Systems - Reliability and Credibility

The biometric systems are part of our everyday lives. Many of us are in touch with them every day in order to carry out our work. However, we are unaware about their important qualities: reliability and integrity. Those qualities may in many cases affect our satisfaction with these tools and their eventual deployment to designated areas. The face recognition technology has emerged as an attractive solution to address many contemporary needs for identification and verification of identity claims. Face recognition systems are based on the anthropological minutiae on the face. One of the easiest methods used during the 1960s is the graphical method based on descriptive geometry principles made by the Soviets. This chapter may be divided into two main parts – measuring faces by the A4Vision biometric system and measuring faces by the analytical-statistical method. The chapter introduces reliability of the A4Vision system tested in laboratory conditions and shows the bases of this system – the analytical-statistical method applied to measurement of changes in the face of ten different women, and ten emotional changes of one woman, which were measured to obtain better understanding of programming requirements for better reliability of those systems.

Characterization of plasma treated surfaces for food safety by terahertz spectroscopy

A physico-chemical approach to modify surfaces not only for use in medicine, but also for preservation of food is nowadays widely studied to lower the risks of increased number of bacterial pathogens that are in a direct contact with people. Food safety is very important part of preserving sustainability during crises, especially after the enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli outbreak in Europe in 2011. One of the possibility how we can protect food against various pathogens is the modification of packing materials that are directly in contact with preserved food. This contribution deals with the characterization of modified surfaces with antibacterial properties via Terahertz spectroscopy. For the purpose of this paper, three monomers were used for grafting onto air radiofrequency plasma activated low density polyethylene surface, which created a brush-like structure. Next, the antibacterial agents, Irgasan and Chlorhexidine, were anchored to these surfaces. These antibacterial agents were selected for supposed effect on two most frequently occurring bacterial strains -Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Materials were further tested for the presence of antibacterial agent molecules, in our case by means of terahertz spectroscopy. Each material was tested on two spectroscopes - the SPECTRA and the OSCAT terahertz instruments

Appropriateness of gait analysis for biometrics: Initial study using FDA method

Human body movement has been under continuous research for many years due to its potential application as a novel biometric system to identify individuals. It is possible to utilize various techniques, not only to obtain requested movement data, but also to analyse movement data. This paper uses functional data analysis on data obtained from 12 volunteers and uses 20 markers from the 3D motion capture system VICON MX T020. The functional data analysis was chosen as a suitable tool to obtain more information about an individual's movement because it uses a technique for real-time data, which corresponds to continuous time process. The results show that all markers, under any walking speed and condition, identify a significantly high percentage of individual pairs. Further, our results discriminate between markers, where some markers are highly dependent on walking speed and condition, and also on the influence of body part asymmetry. In addition, regular movement patterns in almost all participants’ data shows a potential to identify individuals based on gait recognition with a 1:1 matching result. © 2017 Elsevier LtdIGA grant at Tomas Bata University in Zlin [IGA/FAI/2013/001]; European Regional Development Fund under the project CEBIA-Tech [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0089]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [GA15-06991S]; Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic; Slovak Academy of Sciences [VEGA 2/0011/16]; Slovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-15-0295

Biometric systems in the Czech Republic: Friends or foes?

This article provides a representative survey of the public attitudes of the Zlin region in the Czech Republic. The aim was to gain information from ordinary citizens on their feelings and attitudes to several key questions on biometric technologies and associated security and safety issues. As this region is one of the more progressive and peaceful regions within the Czech Republic, this should be reasonably representative of a global norm. The respondents consider personal safety to be very important and were comfortable that their security is ensured by advanced technology systems such as BR. However, there were underlying concerns of possible misuse and the resulting personal and privacy risks. Overall, the conclusion is that the underlying security and reliability must prove itself to the general populace and sufficient legal frameworks must be provided to ensure public confidence and trust. © 2014 IEEE.Internal Grant Agency at Tomas Bata University in Zlin [IGA/FAI/2014/001

Perspective identification technologies

Biometrické systémy, jejich prodej a vývoj patří mezi rychle rostoucí segmenty trhu zejména díky vyšší poptávce po bezpečnosti. Biometrické údaje jsou úspěšně a účinně používány ve vědeckém výzkumu, jsou hlavním prvkem forenzních věd a cenným prvkem systémů kontroly vstupu. Obvyklým důvodem pro nasazení biometrických systémů je zabránění vstupu osoby do oblasti, ať už jde o areál firmy, kanceláří, jednotlivých pater, apod. Některé charakteristiky a zvyky, jimiž lidské tělo disponuje, mohou být použity také pro vzdálené sledování a identifikaci, případně rozpoznání, zájmových osob. Mezi tyto můžeme zařadit zejména rozpoznávání osob podle chůze a tváře. Rozpoznávání osob podle chůze má stejný potenciál i možnosti použití jako rozpoznávání osob podle jejich tváří. Ačkoli se tímto typem rozpoznávání zabývají výzkumné týmy po celém světě již více jak dvě dekády, ještě stále není komerčně dostupné. Jeho potenciál je však obrovský, jelikož stereotyp chůze nemůže být zakryt a výrazně změněn na rozdíl od tváře, uší a některých dalších charakteristik.Biometric systems are part of a steadily growing market segment due to higher security demand. Biometric data are successfully and efficiently utilized in scientific research; they are the main part of forensics and are a valuable system for access control. Usually, the need for employment such system is prohibition of unwanted person entry to areas such as companies, offices, building floors etc. Some features and behaviours, which can identify a person can be also used for remote surveillance and identification (or recognition in some cases). The most dominant systems of all are gait and face recognition. Gait recognition as novel techniques has same potential and utilization opportunities as face recognition. However, gait recognition is still not available commercially, even though it is thoroughly studied by many scientific groups worldwide for more than two decades. Nevertheless, its potential is great as the bipedal locomotion cannot be covered or altered significantly as it is possible in personal features like face, ears, etc.

Research on biometrical systems: An overview

The most commonly used biometrical systems nowadays are fingerprint and face recognition systems. As the technics develops, so do tresspassers. In our research, we test the endurance, reliability, credibility and integrity of those systems by the use of modern utilities and materials for defeating satefy devices. This paper mainly deals with the contemporary results of research currently progressing in the world as our own research is still in progress

Examining pharmaceuticals using terahertz spectroscopy

Pharmaceutical trafficking is common issue in countries where they are under stricter dispensing regime with monitoring of users. Most commonly smuggled pharmaceuticals include trade names Paralen Plus, Modafen, Clarinase repetabs, Aspirin complex, etc. These are transported mainly from Eastern Europe (e.g. Poland, Ukraine, Russia) to countries like Czech Republic, which is said to have one of the highest number of methamphetamine producers in Europe. The aim of this paper is to describe the possibility of terahertz spectroscopy utilization as an examining tool to distinguish between pharmaceuticals containing pseudoephedrine compounds and those without it. Selected medicaments for experimental part contain as an active ingredient pseudoephedrine hydrochloride or pseudoephedrine sulphate. Results show a possibility to find a pseudoephedrine compound spectra in samples according to previously computed and experimentally found ones, and point out that spectra of same brand names pills may vary according to their expiration date, batch, and amount of absorbed water vapours from ambience. Mislead spectrum also occurs during experimental work in a sample without chosen active ingredient, which shows persistent minor inconveniences of terahertz spectroscopy. All measurement were done on the TPS Spectra 3000 instrument. © 2015 COPYRIGHT SPIE

Terahertz spectroscopy characterization of antibacterial surfaces prepared via multistep physicochemical procedure

The antibacterial surfaces presented can be one of the solutions for lowering the risk of pathogen outbreaks. Samples were prepared via a multistep physicochemical approach and characterized by terahertz spectroscopy. Properties of modified materials were analyzed using two spectrometers-terahertz pulsed imaging and spectroscopy Spectra [attenuated total reflection (ATR) and transmission module] and Tera optical sampling by cavity tuning. Each sample was measured 3 to 10 times to get accurate results. Observed regions for the transmittance module were set to 0 to 2.6 THz, and 0 to 4 THz for the ATR module. The obtained refractive indices allowed for easy distinguishing between each material. Absorbance spectra were assigned where possible as was the peak position that showed successful bonding of the used monomers/antibacterial agents. Measured dielectric properties described slight changes in materials due to the modification process. The experimentally analyzed transmittance displayed changes in every material up to the 2.6 THz region and Fabry-Perot interferences together with water vapor noise beyond this area. The section containing terahertz imaging of the samples is presented. The present work is one of the first of its kind. The possibility of using terahertz spectroscopy for characterizing materials with antibacterial agents bonded by intermolecular forces onto a treated surface is presented. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)IGA grant at Tomas Bata University in Zlin [IGA/FAI/2014/001, IGA/FAI/2014/041]; European Regional Development Fund under the project CEBIA-Tech [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0089]; Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport of the Czech Republic under the project Centre of Polymer Systems [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0111

Protective equipment

Kapitola se věnuje tématice osobních ochranných prostředků, protiúderovým ochranným prostředkům, balistickým ochranným prostředkům, ochranným vozidlům, kontejnerům a zavazadlům, komunikačním a záznamovým ochranným prostředkům a spektrálním, akustickým a jiným ochranným prostředkůmThis chapter outlines the topic of personal protective equipment, anti-strike (anti-punch) protective equipment, ballistic protective equipment, protective vehicles, containers and bags, communication and recording and spectral protective equipment, sound and other protective equipmentP(ED2.1.00/03.0089

Gait Patterns for Crime Fighting: Statistical Evaluation

The criminality is omnipresent during the human history. Modern technology brings novel opportunities for identification of a perpetrator. One of these opportunities is an analysis of video recordings, which may be taken during the crime itself or before/after the crime. The video analysis can be classed as identification analyses, respectively identification of a person via externals. The bipedal locomotion focuses on human movement on the basis of their anatomical-physiological features. Nowadays, the human gait is tested by many laboratories to learn whether the identification via bipedal locomotion is possible or not. The aim of our study is to use 2D components out of 3D data from the VICON Mocap system for deep statistical analyses. This paper introduces recent results of a fundamental study focused on various gait patterns during different conditions. The study contains data from 12 participants. Curves obtained from these measurements were sorted, averaged and statistically tested to estimate the stability and distinctiveness of this biometrics. Results show satisfactory distinctness of some chosen points, while some do not embody significant difference. However, results presented in this paper are of initial phase of further deeper and more exacting analyses of gait patterns under different conditions