How can research on children of incarcerated parents in the United States alter corrections practice?

The upsurge in people incarcerated in the United States since the late 1970s has meant that many people in prison and jail are parents. Currently 2.7 million children in the United States have incarcerated parents, and more than 10 million children have had an incarcerated parent (Johnston 2010). Given these numbers, researchers began to examine how a parent’s imprisonment impacted a child’s growth and development. The history of this research and researchers’ findings can be useful to the corrections community. While much of the information below is specific to the United States, this article also has implications for children internationally.Accepted manuscrip

Crimes Committed By Tattooed Female Offenders and the Significance of Body Art Content and Location

The body is a site of manipulation, mutilation, and decoration, evident through centuries of body marking and tattooing. There is a very compelling relationship between tattooed individuals and crime, and this descriptive study investigates the presence of tattoos amongst female offenders. Research analysis identified the relationship between tattoos and convicted female offenders, along with the significance of the content and location of the offenders\u27 tattoos

Interpretation training manual for the Frontier Culture Museum

The Frontier Culture Museum in Staunton, Virginia is an outdoor living history museum that uses costumed interpreters to tell visitors about their major themes. By understanding that the Museum seeks to talk about the daily lives of people from West Africa, England, Ireland, and Germany; their immigration experience to America; and how these people interacted with each other and Native American groups to form an American culture, interpreters can pass on this information to visitors. Interpretation, as a bridge between the historical information and the visitor, is a conversation between the interpreter and the visitor where the interpreter can use a variety of techniques to make the objects, ideas, and sites have meaning. By following the two C’s and understanding the ART of interpretation, the staff at the Museum can more effectively communicate with visitors. One of the biggest challenges for interpreters is to clearly distill all the historical information for visitors without dumbing or watering down the information. This manual compiles current scholarly on interpretation and 200 years of history for the five countries represented at the Museum. With the help of Museum staff, this Manual contains the best and most recent information for the training of future and present interpreters. Interpreters reading this manual should come away understanding the history of the Museum, the meaning of interpretation, how to practice interpretation, the content information about each of the exhibit sites, and how the major themes of the Museum can be communicated at each exhibit

She of Gentle Manners : An Examination of the Widow Pomeroy\u27s Table and Tea Wares and the Emerging Domestic Sphere in Kinderhook, New York

Following the American Revolution, the new gender ideologies of Republican Motherhood and the Cult of Domesticity gained in popularity that associated men with the public sphere and relegated women to the private domestic sphere. Women were now tasked with the important job of raising the future citizens of the fledgling Republic. The quality of family and home life took on extra importance, and the elaboration of meals and the ceramics used in these rituals changed accordingly. This thesis analyzes the table and tea wares from an archaeological assemblage located in upstate New York that dates to the turn of the 19th century. Based on dates derived from analysis, the archaeological assemblage was attributed to the Pomeroy family. A widow-headed household, the table and tea wares during this time period allow an understanding of how Anna Pomeroy participated in these changing gender roles and adapted to these new ideologies. Building on current theories in gender archaeology, this thesis discerns how Anna Pomeroy chose to represent herself in this new role based on her consumer choices. The table wares exhibit matched sets and elaboration of design and vessel function, all evidence of the increase of importance of the domestic realm. The tea wares contain high-end porcelains and matched sets, exhibiting how Anna used the ritual of taking tea to establish ties within the community while also putting on display her refinement of character. The practice of taking tea was often discounted as frivolous activity, but the relationships women established within these social gatherings allowed alliances to form that would have ramifications within the public sphere. In a society in which it was expected that widows remarry, Anna did not. Instead she chose to invest in the domestic visual display of the tea ceremony in order to exert her influence within community. Anna Pomeroy was able to use the accepted ideology of Republican Motherhood to negotiate her place in society and keep the independence that was afforded to her as a widow

Interruptions in Search of a Purpose: Oral Argument in the Supreme Court, October Terms 1958–60 and 2010–12

We tend to think of the Supreme Court as an institution that is unchanging. Nothing, of course, could be further from the truth. The Court has changed in important ways throughout its history. During the last few decades, the Court has experienced many significant changes: Congress has virtually eliminated the Court’s mandatory jurisdiction; the Court has reduced by almost half the number of cases in which it grants review; the number of law clerks has increased; the numbers of lower court cases and judges have increased substantially; the Court has shortened by half the amount of time normally allowed for oral argument; the length of the post-argument conference has reportedly shrunk; the exchanges in the Justices’ opinions have become more strident; and the Justices appear to relish a kind of celebrity that even their recent predecessors had shunned. Notwithstanding these changes, Judge John G. Roberts, Jr., suggested shortly before his appointment as Chief Justice that “one thing that has remained fairly constant [since 1980] has been the level of questioning” at oral argument. That conclusion was based on a comparison of two sets of cases that were argued in 1980 and 2003, respectively. Because the Justices have seemed to other observers to have become more assertive at oral argument in recent years, we decided to inquire further by comparing a set of cases from the recent past (October Terms 2010-12) with a set from a period (October Terms 1958-60) about twenty years before the start date of the Chief Justice’s study. Our empirical study, which provides two snapshots in time, combines quantitative and qualitative methods in an attempt to understand interactions among the Justices and between the Justices and counsel; how those interactions may now be different from those of a half-century ago; and the possible significance of those differences for our understanding of the Court’s role in our constitutional system. We found significant differences. In the older cases, the nature and shape of oral argument reflected what might be taken to be the traditional purposes of oral argument, but the more recent cases suggest a different dynamic. The Justices rarely allowed counsel to develop a coherent narrative, and they often used an advocate’s limited time to state their own views and to joke or argue with each other. The Justices seemed more personally invested in individual cases at the oral argument stage, perhaps because of larger staffs and smaller caseloads, among other factors, and they often acted as if oral argument were simply an opportunity for them to say what they would like to say about a case. It may be that they do so with a view toward convincing their colleagues, and that what was once a relatively less important aspect of oral argument has become its dominant purpose. It may also be the case, however, that the Justices recognize that their colleagues also may have thoroughly studied the case and made up their minds, so that oral argument seems to be a less important exercise. It may be that the Justices now hear oral argument only because they always have done so, and abandoning it would be difficult politically, but have no theorized, shared view of its current significance. In any event, the “new oral argument” is not about the lawyers, who may often seem to be props, bystanders, or straight-men in the well of the Court. Nor is it about the parties, whose interests are at stake, or about the public. Oral argument seems to be for the Justices, and only for the Justices – time to be used in whatever ways they may find appealing at the moment. Indeed, one might say that it seems to be “all about them.” But what the Court hopes to achieve through oral argument remains unclear. We suggest that oral argument still has a role to play in the process of Supreme Court adjudication and make some suggestions for how the value of oral argument might be enhanced

Research and best practices to support students with incarcerated parents

The understanding of the relationship between a parent’s incarceration and a child’s outcomes has continued to evolve since the 1950s. Until very recently, however, most researchers have undertaken small-scale studies focused on the period when the parent is imprisoned, and most advocates and practitioners have had few resources at their disposal. All educators benefit from understanding how and why children of incarcerated parents may need support and from recognizing gaps in research. This chapter addresses developmental and other associated outcomes of parental incarceration and offers concrete practices schools can use to support children. In order to most effectively help students, school-based professionals should recognize the myriad ways parental incarceration impacts children’s emotional, physical, social and academic well-being.Accepted manuscript2022-01-3

Impact of fallow management regimes on nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) tubers in irrigable broadacre crops in central Queensland

The effect of sequential applications of various herbicides applied during a long fallow period on nutgrass tubers has been recorded and compared with untreated unweeded controls as well as cultivated controls. Over 32 months, tuber mortality ranged between 15 and 95% for the different treatments. Brief implications to cropping systems management are drawn

La redención de la naturaleza: luz y tiempo en los nocturnos de los hermanos Vargas

Este ensayo analiza el manejo de la luz y el tiempo en algunas de las fotografías nocturnas de los hermanos Vargas. Lo que se estudia, en concreto, es cómo los Vargas utilizan tipos diferentes de luz artificial en el contexto de largos periodos de exposición. Esta técnica, bastante atípica, produce un falso efecto de instantaneidad en los primeros planos que contrasta con el tiempo lento de los planos de fondo. En los nocturnos coexisten así dos temporalidades —la urbana y moderna de los primeros planos, y la rural y autóctona de los planos de fondo—, pero la que en definitiva prevalece es la última, pues solo allí se registra movimiento real. De este modo, dinamizando el fondo rural, los Vargas generan imágenes que cuestionan el carácter epidérmico de la modernización en el sur andino, al tiempo que afirman los fueros del campo y el mundo natural