수단 스포츠 연맹의 스폰서십 활동에 대한 인식 검토

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공,2019. 8. 이충근.Through examining of three Sudanese sports federations (SSF) with general sponsors objectives and activities, the researcher used the Readiness Assessment Tool (RAT) (Robinson & Minikin, 2012), to find out the significant perception (competitive advantages) of these SSFs, which may lead to building a profile that met the sponsors' objectives. The competitive advantages of an organization arise from the resources and capabilities that are in place within the organization. (Robinson & Minikin, 2012). Sudanese Sports Federations (SSFs) in general have limited or unidentified resources that require to be understood and discovered to be used for the interest of the federation in overall, or as a tool to generate additional financial source or to attract sponsorships particularly. To gain sponsorship deals, the SSFs compete with each other, through showing their competitive advantages that may be valuable and meet the sponsors' objectives. This research helped SSFs to answer some of the questions including what are the main assets and capabilities of Sudanese sports federations that can attract sponsors other than spectators base volume. The Readiness Assessment Tool (RAT) is the main tool for conducting this research; RAT is a tool for measuring 78 elements within eight pillars on the national federations structures and activities. RAT was chosen to assist the Oceania National Olympic Committees to understand the structure and development characteristics of NFs better and in particular to determine if there was a way to assess their readiness to undertake programs of development or activities, (Minikin, 2009). The eight pillars are; Governance Management, Sports Activity, Communication, Finance, Physical Resources, Human Resources, and Values, these pillars can be considered as main assets for the SSFs.연구원은 일반 스폰서의 목표와 활동을 담은 3 개의 수단 스포츠 연맹 (SSF)을 조사하여 RTS (Robinson & Minikin, 2012)를 사용하여이 SSF의 중요한 인식 (경쟁 우위)을 파악했습니다. 스폰서의 목표를 충족시키는 프로필을 만들 수 있습니다. 조직의 경쟁 우위는 조직 내에있는 리소스와 기능으로 인해 발생합니다. (Robinson & Minikin, 2012). 수단 스포츠 연맹 (SSF)은 전반적으로 연맹의 이익을 위해 사용되거나 추가적인 재원을 창출하거나 스폰서 쉽을 끌어들이는 수단으로 이해되고 발견되어야하는 제한되거나 식별되지 않은 자원을 가지고 있습니다. 스폰서 십 거래를 얻으려면 SSF는 경쟁 우위를 보여줌으로써 스폰서의 목적을 달성하고 서로 경쟁하게됩니다. 이 조사는 SSF가 관중의 기본 볼륨 이외의 스폰서를 유치 할 수있는 수단 스포츠 연맹의 주요 자산 및 기능을 비롯한 몇 가지 질문에 답하는 데 도움이되었습니다. 준비성 평가 도구 (RAT)는이 연구를 수행하기위한 주요 도구입니다. RAT는 전국 연맹의 구조와 활동에 관한 8 개 기둥 78 개 요소를 측정하는 도구입니다. RAT는 오세아니아 국가 올림픽위원회가 NF의 구조와 개발 특성을 더 잘 이해하고, 특히 개발이나 활동 프로그램을 수행 할 준비가되었는지 평가할 수있는 방법이 있는지를 결정하는 데 도움을주기 위해 선정되었습니다 (Minikin, 2009). 8 개의 기둥은; 거버넌스 관리, 스포츠 활동, 커뮤니케이션, 재무, 체육, 인적 자원 및 가치와 관련하여 이러한 기둥은 SSF의 주요 자산으로 간주 될 수 있습니다.Acknowledgment ii Abstract iv Table of Contents vii List of Tables ix List of Figures x 1. Chapter 1. Introduction １ 1.1. Study Background １ 1.2. Sponsorship of Sport Federations in Sudan. ４ 1.4. Purpose of the Study ６ 1.5. The significance of The Study ８ 1.6. Research Question (s) ８ Chapter 2. Literature Review １１ 2.1. Theoretical Framework １１ 2.2. Scholars Definitions for Sponsorships １２ 2.3. Development of Sponsorship １４ 2.3.1 Sponsoring Sport properties １６ 2.3.2. Views of Sponsorship １７ 2.4. Theoretical Sponsors Objectives １９ 2.5. Sudanese Sponsors Objectives ２４ 2.6. The Competitive Advantages Concept ２７ 2.6.1. Understanding the Competitive Advantage of NOCs. ２９ Chapter 3. Research Method ３１ 3.1. Research Approach ３１ 3.1.1. Case Selection ３３ 3.1.2. Data Review ３３ 3.2. Readiness Assessment Tool (RAT) ３４ Chapter 4. Finding ４３ 4.1. The Results ４４ 4.1.1 Sudanese Sports Federations perception toward the sponsorship activities. ４４ 4.1.2 The Sponsors Objectives ５２ 4.2. Summary of the Results ５５ Chapter 5. Conclusion ５７ 5.1. Limitations of the Research ５８ 5.2. Implication & Future Research ５９ References ６０ Appendix ６３ Appendix1: DTM letter to assist in collecting thesis data ６３ Appendix 2: (RAT) Pillars elements (Governance) ６４ Appendix 3: (RAT) Pillars elements (Management) ６５ Appendix 4: (RAT) Pillars elements (Sport Activity) ６６ Appendix 5: (RAT) Pillars elements (Communication) ６７ Appendix 6: (RAT) Pillars elements (Finance) ６８ Appendix 7: (RAT) Pillars elements (Physical Resources) ６９ Appendix 8: (RAT) Pillars elements (Human Resources) ７０ Appendix 9: (RAT) Pillars elements (Values) ７１Maste

Adhesion Properties Of Bifidobacterium Pseudocatenulatum G4 To Ht-29 Epithelium Cell Line

Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 has been recently identified as a safe probiotic for incorporation into functional food for human consumption. Preliminary investigations showed that the probiotic candidate B. pseudocatenulatum G4 strain possesses the required criteria for a being successful probiotic microorganism. Further enhancement of these criteria was undertaken by studying the adherence and inhibition properties potential of this probiotic candidate. Human colon carcinoma epithelium cell line HT-29 was used to evaluate the adherence of B. pseudocatenulatum G4, in simulated environmental factors of the colon, namely pH, calcium ions, and cholic acid. The effect of this strain on enhancing intestinal tract resistance to pathogenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium infections was examined. Three different assays were used in order to differentiate between the competition, exclusion, and displacement of the pathogens by B. pseudocatenulatum G4. The adherence ability of B. pseudocatenulatum G4 to HT-29 cell line was investigated as in vitro model. In addition the morphology observation of the organism was done by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of human colon environmental factors on the adhesion quality was studied. The results showed that the highest adhesion was in the ascending and transverse acidic regions of the colon. Calcium was shown to increase, while cholic acid was shown to decrease the adhesion of B. pseudocatenulatum G4 to HT-29. The inhibitory effect of B. pseudocatenulatum G4 on the adherence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Clostridium scindens and Clostridium hiranonis was demonstrated. A decrease in the number of adhering pathogens was observed

Snail abundance in freshwater canals in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia and acute toxicity studies of copper sulphate in Biomphalaria arabica and Lymnaea auricularia

The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of three species of freshwater snails, namely; Biomphalaria Arabica; Planorbidae, Lymnaea auricularia; Lymnaeidae and Melanoides tuberculatus; Thiaridae in two different parallel canals (the concrete irrigation and the earthen drainage canals) in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia and the effect of copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) on mortality of the first two species after 24 h of exposure. The physico-chemical properties of the water especially, temperature and pH were determined as important factors for snail distribution. The results show that the water temperature and the pH of the two canals were almost the same. The range of water temperature was 25.8 to 28.3°C, while the water pH was 6.6 to 6.8. The two canals were occupied by three species of aquatic snails viz. B. arabica, L. auricularia and M. tuberculatus. The bioassay of CuSO4.5H2O on only two snail species showed 24 h–LC50 as 5.7 ppm for B. arabicus and 7.8 ppm for L. auricularia. This result reveals that CuSO4.5H2O was highly effective in snail eradication. On the basis of the present study, it is recommended that some further studies on the canals including all environmental factors should be investigated for their role in aquatic snail distribution. However, the chronic effect of lower lethal dose of CuSO4.5H2O on the snails mortality and their effects on developmental stages should be investigated, and some local plant extract should also be tried for their potency on snail mortality.Key words: Biomphalaria, Lymnea, Melanoides, distribution, freshwater snails, copper sulphate, Saudi Arabia

Genetic variability, heritability and character association of grain yield and its components among selected genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.), Gezira State, Sudan

In the Sudan, the low yield of maize was mainly due to the use of low yielding land races and open-pollinated varieties. Hence, the current study was conducted to measure the extent of genotypic and phenotypic variability, genotypic performance, heritability, genotype x season interaction, and the magnitude of association among seed yield and its components of 10 maize genotypes. The experiment was carried out during the summer of 2017 and the winter of 2017/18, using a randomized complete block  design with three replicates, at the University of Gezira Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan. The characters measured were days to 50% tasseling and silking, plant and ear height, number of kernels per row and per ear, ear diameter, cob length, 100-kernels weight and grain yield. High significant phenotypic variability was detected for all the measured characters. Seasonal differences were also significant. High broad sense heritability estimates were recorded for 50% tasseling and silking and plant height while the rest of the characters showed moderate estimates. The study confirmed the fact that maize is a summer crop in central Sudan. In summer, the highest seed yield genotype was HSD 5158 (2609 kg/ha) and in winter was HSD 3538 (2285 kg/ha). Days to 50% tasseling and silking and plant height were significantly and positively correlated with yield and so recommended as selection criteria for seed yield improvement. It is recommended to grow genotypes HSD 5158 in summer and HSD 3538 in winter as well as genotypes VMH 4040, VMH 4102 and HSD 5007 in both seasons. Testing of these genotypes under different locations and seasons is suggested.              يعزى ضعف إنتاجية الذرة الشامية بالسودان لزراعة أصناف مفتوحة التلقيح وسلالات محلية ضعيفة الإنتاج. هدفت هذه الدراسة لقياس التباين الظاهري والوراثي ودرجة التوريث على المدى العريض وتفاعل الطراز الوراثي والموسم وارتباط إنتاج البذور ومكوناته. نفذت التجربة في صيف 2017 وشتاء 18/2017 بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة بثلاث مكررات بمزرعة جامعة الجزيرة، واد مدني، السودان. الصفات التي  قيست هي : عدد الأيام لظهور 50% من الأزهار المذكرة والمؤنثة وطول النبات وارتفاع القندول وعدد بذور الصف والقندول ومحيط القندول وطول الكوز ووزن مائة حبة وإنتاج البذور. أظهرت النتائج اختلافاً معنوياً بين الطرز الوراثية لكل الصفات وفي الموسمين. تأثير الموسم كان معنوياً. سجلت قيم عالية لدرجة التوريث بالمعنى العريض لصفات 50% إزهار مذكر ومؤنث وطول النبات ولكن الصفات الأخرى أظهرت قيم وسطية. ثبت أن محصول الذرة الشامية في وسط السودان محصول صيفي. الطراز الذي أعطى أعلى إنتاجية صيفاً هو HSD 5158 (2609 كجم/هـ) وشتاءً  هو  HSD 3538 (2285 كجم/هـ). ارتبطت صفات الإزهار المؤنث والمذكر وطول النبات ارتباطاً موجباً ومعنوياً بالإنتاجية وعليه يمكن استعمالها كمؤشرات انتخاب لتحسين إنتاجية الحبوب. يوصى بزراعة الطراز HSD 5158  صيفاً والطراز HSD 3538 شتاءً والطرز VMH 4040 و VMH 4102 و HSD 5007 في الموسمين معاً. يوصى بزراعة هذه الطرز المقترحة في مواسم ومواقع متعددة لتأكيد النتائج. &nbsp

Characterisation and fatigue of friction stir welding

Previous attempts on the characterisation of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) based on microstructures, hardness, and residual stress distribution have been reviewed. The role of these parameters on fatigue damage of FSW is then discussed. Relevant conclusions have been drawn to demonstrate the current issues and the future research potential of these joints

ETHNOBOTANICAL WEALTH OF JANDOOL VALLEY, DIR LOWER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA (KPK), PAKISTAN

The present study contributes to enlist the wealth of ethnobotanical important plants of Jandool valley, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 67 plants species, belonging to 39 families of herbs (57 %), shrubs (6 %), trees (34 %) and mushrooms (3 %) were found to be used by the local inhabitants generally for medicinal, timber wood, fuel, food and fodder purposes. Majority of the plants identified were used for more than one purpose. The human and cattle pressure has resulted in loss of the indigenous ethnobotanical important plant species. Therefore reforestation followed by proper protection is a need of time

ETHNOBOTANICAL WEALTH OF JANDOOL VALLEY, DIR LOWER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA (KPK), PAKISTAN

The present study contributes to enlist the wealth of ethnobotanical important plants of Jandool valley, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 67 plants species, belonging to 39 families of herbs (57 %), shrubs (6 %), trees (34 %) and mushrooms (3 %) were found to be used by the local inhabitants generally for medicinal, timber wood, fuel, food and fodder purposes. Majority of the plants identified were used for more than one purpose. The human and cattle pressure has resulted in loss of the indigenous ethnobotanical important plant species. Therefore reforestation followed by proper protection is a need of time

Molecular study of Apolipoprotein E gene in familial hypercholesterolemic families

AbstractBackground: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is understood to be one in all the foremost common hereditary disease and critically associated with Coronary heart condition worldwide. FH is taken into account to be caused because of mutations and polymorphisms within the apolipoprotein E (Apo E) cistron. Exaggerated level of density compound protein LDL-C is that the hallmark of this malady.Methodology: Seven hypercholesterolemic families were chosen for this study. Case history was taken and pedigree was created in person by visiting every family. Exon3 and exon4 regions of ApoE cistron were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).After successful amplification, both citrons were sequenced. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) results were obtained to support the different pattern of single strand polymorphism of studied samples.Results: The sequencing results of probands from all the seven families showed that six out of seven have Apo E three isoform whereas one family showed change within the sequence from T to C at 112 sequence position of processed macromolecule resulted in amino acid that represents it as Apo E4 isoform.Conclusion: Our findings show that Apo E3 is more prevalent than Apo E4 and other isoforms in studied population of Pakistan

Characterization of shot peened 2024-T351 aluminum alloy

Specimens of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy under different three shot peening intensities were studied. The modifications of the surface layers of the shot peened specimens were investigated through microhardness, surface microstructure and residual stress relaxation after the first and second load cycles under two cyclic loads. No significant changes in microstructure after the three shot peeing intensities were observed with respect to untreated specimens. Rapid residual stress relaxation was observed in specimens after the first cycle. Relaxation of residual stresses occurred within first loading cycles were increased with increasing loading stress amplitude and due to quasi-static relaxation effects

Prediction of residual stress relaxation of shot peened 2024-T351 aluminum alloy: part 1

It is important to account for residual stress relaxation phenomenon in the design of the component. Specimens of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy were used in this study. The specimens were shot peened under three different shot peening intensities. Cyclic tests for two load magnitudes were performed for 1, 2, 10, 1000 and 10000 cycles. Residual stresses, microhardness and the cold work percentage were measured at initial state and after each loading cycle for the three shot peening intensities and for the two loads. The study revealed that most of the drop in the residual stress, microhardness and cold work happened in the first cycle are dependent on the applied load