Entrepreneurial city in Russian economy: Quantitative and qualitative parameters of identification

This paper is devoted to research the entrepreneurial city in Russian economy. Firstly the authors analyze the development of the concept in foreign studies and compare the results with Russian authors researches. This concept is not so widespread both in scientific sphere and in municipal level in Russia. Then the authors propose two groups of parameters that give the opportunity to identify entrepreneurial city using Russian statistics. From the one hand there are quantitative parameters that include the degree of economic diversity and services; presence of human capital; the degree of the urban environment and living conditions. Each of criteria was evaluated on the several statistic indicators. From the other hand there are qualitative parameters that help to explain differences between similar cities. For example, the authors consider two close Ural cities, Chelyabinsk and Yekaterinburg, and analyze its differences according quantitative and qualitative criteria of entrepreneurial city. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020

Entrepreneurial Approach to City Manageme nt

The transformation of Russian cities into independent centers of economic development requires that researchers take a closer look at the methods of forming successful territorial entities accumulating the best human capital and investments, as well as systematization of management tools used by their administrations. The article contains a summary of the world’s experience in implementing an entrepreneurial approach to managing a city. The theoretical basis of the study is the concept of the entrepreneurial city, which has been actively developed over the past decades abroad. The authors see the purpose of their work in using case studies from the modern history of cities in Europe, the USA and China, to identify the most successful management tools, and to determine general conditions for their effective use, regardless of country-specific characteristics. The article clarifies the concept of the entrepreneurial city and uses it as a basis for proposing the authors’ own classification of management tools and management practices established on their basis. Conditions for the successful implementation of the concept of the entrepreneurial city are formulated. It has been established that an entrepreneur city can be “grown” and successfully operated under different rules of the game, regardless of the degree of protection of property rights, the development of civil society, and political culture. The results obtained suggest that an entrepreneurial approach to managing a city can be a way for developing Russian cities. There are, however, a number of institutional barriers to its successful implementation. In the future, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for applying the concept of a city of entrepreneurs in the Russian economic space.Превращение российских городов в самостоятельные центры экономического развития требует от исследователей более пристального изучения способов формирования успешных территориальных образований, аккумулирующих лучший человеческий капитал и инвестиции, а также систематизации применяемых их руководством инструментов управления. В статье содержится обобщение мирового опыта реализации предпринимательского подхода к управлению городом. Теоретическую основу исследования составляет концепция города-предпринимателя, активно разрабатываемая в течение последних десятилетий за рубежом. Авторы видят цель своей работы в том, чтобы, используя кейсы из современной истории городов стран Европы, США и Китая, выявить наиболее успешные инструменты управления, а также определить общие условия их эффективного применения, независимо от страновых особенностей. В статье уточнено понятие «город-предприниматель», в соответствии с ним предложена авторская классификация управленческих инструментов и сложившихся на их основе управленческих практик, сформулированы условия успешной реализации концепции города-предпринимателя. Установлено, что городпредприниматель может «выращиваться» и успешно функционировать при различных правилах игры, независимо от степени защищенности прав собственности, развития гражданского общества, политической культуры. Полученные результаты позволяют утверждать, что предпринимательский подход к управлению городом может стать способом развития российских городов, однако на данный существует ряд институциональных барьеров, препятствующих его успешному применению. В дальнейшем необходимо выработать алгоритм применения концепции города-предпринимателя в российском экономическом пространстве

Manifestation of Huntington's disease pathology in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons

© 2016 Nekrasov et al.Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, which manifests itself as a loss of GABAergic medium spiny (GABA MS) neurons in the striatum and caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene. There is no cure for HD, existing pharmaceutical can only relieve its symptoms. Results: Here, induced pluripotent stem cells were established from patients with low CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, and were then efficiently differentiated into GABA MS-like neurons (GMSLNs) under defined culture conditions. The generated HD GMSLNs recapitulated disease pathology in vitro, as evidenced by mutant huntingtin protein aggregation, increased number of lysosomes/autophagosomes, nuclear indentations, and enhanced neuronal death during cell aging. Moreover, store-operated channel (SOC) currents were detected in the differentiated neurons, and enhanced calcium entry was reproducibly demonstrated in all HD GMSLNs genotypes. Additionally, the quinazoline derivative, EVP4593, reduced the number of lysosomes/autophagosomes and SOC currents in HD GMSLNs and exerted neuroprotective effects during cell aging. Conclusions: Our data is the first to demonstrate the direct link of nuclear morphology and SOC calcium deregulation to mutant huntingtin protein expression in iPSCs-derived neurons with disease-mimetic hallmarks, providing a valuable tool for identification of candidate anti-HD drugs. Our experiments demonstrated that EVP4593 may be a promising anti-HD drug

Sustainability of Urban Systems on the Example of the Entrepreneurial City

В работе содержится оценка гипотезы устойчивости развития социально- экономической системы городов-предпринимателей в РФ на основе статистических данных 26 городов, обладающих предпринимательским потенциалом, в период с 2007 по 2020 гг. Использованные в исследовании параметры построенного российскими экспертами индекса резилиентности регионов не позволили сделать однозначный вывод о большей устойчивости городов-предпринимателей к внешним потрясениям.The article contains an assessment of the hypothesis of sustainable development of the entrepreneurial cities socio-economic systems in Russia based on statistical data of 28 cities with entrepreneurial potential in period from 2007 to 2020. The index of regional resilience parameters built by Russian experts does not allow us to draw an unambiguous conclusion about the greater sustainability of the entrepreneurial cities

Russian cities as centers of regional economic activity

На основе анализа общемировых тенденций автор данной работы выявляет особенности влияния процесса урбанизации на уровень экономической активности в регионах России. Эмпирическим путем, в ходе проведения статистического анализа подтверждается наличие взаимосвязи между объемом прямых зарубежных инвестиций и степенью развития городской региональной сети, опровергается наличие взаимосвязи между высокой долей городского населения и уровнем экономического развития региона.Based on the analysis of global trends the author of this work identifies features of urbanization process influence on the level of economic activity in Russian regions. Empirically, based on statistical analysis the author confirms correlation between the volume of foreign direct investment and the degree of urban regional network development, rejected the existence of correlation between a high percentage of the urban population and level of regional economic development

YEKATERINBURG INSIDE THE CONCEPT “ENTREPRENEURIAL CITY”: AN ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE TO QUALITY PARAMETERS

The aim of this work is to study the phenomenon of «entrepreneurial city» as a modern economic concept, as well as a set of managerial practices, the synthesis of which is able to improve the economic situation of the city in a competitive environment with other territories Research hypothesis: Yekaterinburg is an entrepreneurial city. In the first part of the paper the authors emphasize the qualitative parameters of the entrepreneurial city, in the second part we test them on the example of Yekaterinburg.Цель работы состоит в исследовании феномена «город­предприниматель» как современной экономической концепции, а также набора управленческих практик, синтез которых способен улучшить экономическое положение территории в условиях конкурентной борьбы с другими пространственными образованиями. Гипотеза: Екатеринбург соответствует характеристикам городапредпринимателя. В первой части работы авторы выделяют качественные параметры городапредпринимателя, во второй части тестируют их на примере города Екатеринбурга. Основной вывод состоит в подтверждении выдвинутой авторами гипотезы

Manifestation of Huntington's disease pathology in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons

© 2016 Nekrasov et al.Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, which manifests itself as a loss of GABAergic medium spiny (GABA MS) neurons in the striatum and caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene. There is no cure for HD, existing pharmaceutical can only relieve its symptoms. Results: Here, induced pluripotent stem cells were established from patients with low CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, and were then efficiently differentiated into GABA MS-like neurons (GMSLNs) under defined culture conditions. The generated HD GMSLNs recapitulated disease pathology in vitro, as evidenced by mutant huntingtin protein aggregation, increased number of lysosomes/autophagosomes, nuclear indentations, and enhanced neuronal death during cell aging. Moreover, store-operated channel (SOC) currents were detected in the differentiated neurons, and enhanced calcium entry was reproducibly demonstrated in all HD GMSLNs genotypes. Additionally, the quinazoline derivative, EVP4593, reduced the number of lysosomes/autophagosomes and SOC currents in HD GMSLNs and exerted neuroprotective effects during cell aging. Conclusions: Our data is the first to demonstrate the direct link of nuclear morphology and SOC calcium deregulation to mutant huntingtin protein expression in iPSCs-derived neurons with disease-mimetic hallmarks, providing a valuable tool for identification of candidate anti-HD drugs. Our experiments demonstrated that EVP4593 may be a promising anti-HD drug

Manifestation of Huntington's disease pathology in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons

© 2016 Nekrasov et al.Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, which manifests itself as a loss of GABAergic medium spiny (GABA MS) neurons in the striatum and caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene. There is no cure for HD, existing pharmaceutical can only relieve its symptoms. Results: Here, induced pluripotent stem cells were established from patients with low CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, and were then efficiently differentiated into GABA MS-like neurons (GMSLNs) under defined culture conditions. The generated HD GMSLNs recapitulated disease pathology in vitro, as evidenced by mutant huntingtin protein aggregation, increased number of lysosomes/autophagosomes, nuclear indentations, and enhanced neuronal death during cell aging. Moreover, store-operated channel (SOC) currents were detected in the differentiated neurons, and enhanced calcium entry was reproducibly demonstrated in all HD GMSLNs genotypes. Additionally, the quinazoline derivative, EVP4593, reduced the number of lysosomes/autophagosomes and SOC currents in HD GMSLNs and exerted neuroprotective effects during cell aging. Conclusions: Our data is the first to demonstrate the direct link of nuclear morphology and SOC calcium deregulation to mutant huntingtin protein expression in iPSCs-derived neurons with disease-mimetic hallmarks, providing a valuable tool for identification of candidate anti-HD drugs. Our experiments demonstrated that EVP4593 may be a promising anti-HD drug

Manifestation of Huntington's disease pathology in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons

© 2016 Nekrasov et al.Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, which manifests itself as a loss of GABAergic medium spiny (GABA MS) neurons in the striatum and caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene. There is no cure for HD, existing pharmaceutical can only relieve its symptoms. Results: Here, induced pluripotent stem cells were established from patients with low CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, and were then efficiently differentiated into GABA MS-like neurons (GMSLNs) under defined culture conditions. The generated HD GMSLNs recapitulated disease pathology in vitro, as evidenced by mutant huntingtin protein aggregation, increased number of lysosomes/autophagosomes, nuclear indentations, and enhanced neuronal death during cell aging. Moreover, store-operated channel (SOC) currents were detected in the differentiated neurons, and enhanced calcium entry was reproducibly demonstrated in all HD GMSLNs genotypes. Additionally, the quinazoline derivative, EVP4593, reduced the number of lysosomes/autophagosomes and SOC currents in HD GMSLNs and exerted neuroprotective effects during cell aging. Conclusions: Our data is the first to demonstrate the direct link of nuclear morphology and SOC calcium deregulation to mutant huntingtin protein expression in iPSCs-derived neurons with disease-mimetic hallmarks, providing a valuable tool for identification of candidate anti-HD drugs. Our experiments demonstrated that EVP4593 may be a promising anti-HD drug