Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Four Different Concentrations of Ant Nest (Myrmecodia pendens) Collagen Membranes with Potential for Medical Applications

Dyah Nindita Carolina,1,2 Mieke Hemiawati Satari,3,&ast; Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto,4,&ast; Agus Susanto,1,&ast; Cortino Sukotjo,5,&ast; Rahmana Emran Kartasasmita6,&ast; 1Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 2Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 4Division of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia; 5Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; 6Research Group of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dyah Nindita Carolina, Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia, Tel +628156132636, Email [email protected]: The purpose of this study was to synthesize and structurally characterize four ant nest membranes in four different concentrations and determine the best concentration that could potentially be used as an alternative material for the production of new collagen barrier membranes.Materials and Methods: Membranes were created by mixing ant nest extracts at various concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, as well as collagen, chitosan, and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) using a film casting. A Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was used to evaluate mechanical properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, maximum elongation, elongation at break, and maximum force. Water absorption was performed, FTIR was used for functional group identification, and morphology was examined using SEM. Additionally, EDS was used to identify the composition and distribution of elements in membranes. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post hoc testing with a significance level of p < 0.01 for quantitative data.Results: The results showed that the mechanical properties produced the following mean (standard deviation): elastic modulus 0.87 Mpa (0.11), tensile strength 16.32 N/mm2 (2.46), maximum elongation 4.96% (1.72), elongation at break 5.23% (1.87), and maximum force 22.50 N (5.06). The average water absorption capacity of all four membranes had a p-value < 0.01. FTIR spectrum showed various peaks corresponding to functional groups, while SEM results indicated a homogeneous mixture. EDS analysis confirmed that the addition of ant plant extract at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% resulted in the presence of elements C, O, and Ca. Meanwhile, membranes prepared with 2% concentration had a different composition, namely C, O, Ca, and Na.Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of ant nest affects the values of the membrane’s mechanical properties parameters, including the elastic modulus (0.87 Mpa), tensile strength (16.32 N/mm2), maximum elongation (4.96%), elongation at break (5.23%), and maximum force (22.50 N). The average membrane absorption of water (p value < 0.01) was also affected. SEM images showed homogeneous mixing, and membrane EDS results consisted of C, O, and Ca composition. However, there was no effect on FTIR functional groups. The anthill membrane with a 1% concentration has the potential to serve as an alternative membrane in guided tissue regeneration.Keywords: ant nest, carp scales, herbs, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, PV

Biomimetic coatings enhance tribocorrosion behavior and cell responses of commercially pure titanium surfaces

CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOBiofunctionalized surfaces for implants are currently receiving much attention in the health care sector. Our aims were ( 1) to create bioactive Ti-coatings doped with Ca, P, Si, and Ag produced by microarc oxidation ( MAO) to improve the surface properties of biomedical implants, ( 2) to investigate the TiO2 layer stability under wear and corrosion, and ( 3) to evaluate human mesenchymal stem cells ( hMSCs) responses cultured on the modified surfaces. Tribocorrosion and cell experiments were performed following the MAO treatment. Samples were divided as a function of different Ca/P concentrations and treatment duration. Higher Ca concentration produced larger porous and harder coatings compared to the untreated group ( p<0.001), due to the presence of rutile structure. Free potentials experiments showed lower drops ( 0.6 V) and higher coating lifetime during sliding for higher Ca concentration, whereas lower concentrations presented similar drops ( 0.8 V) compared to an untreated group wherein the drop occurred immediately after the sliding started. MAO-treated surfaces improved the matrix formation and osteogenic gene expression levels of hMSCs. Higher Ca/P ratios and the addition of Ag nanoparticles into the oxide layer presented better surface properties, tribocorrosive behavior, and cell responses. MAO is a promising technique to enhance the biological, chemical, and mechanical properties of dental implant surfaces. (C) 2016 American Vacuum Society.Biofunctionalized surfaces for implants are currently receiving much attention in the health care sector. Our aims were ( 1) to create bioactive Ti-coatings doped with Ca, P, Si, and Ag produced by microarc oxidation ( MAO) to improve the surface properties of biomedical implants, ( 2) to investigate the TiO2 layer stability under wear and corrosion, and ( 3) to evaluate human mesenchymal stem cells ( hMSCs) responses cultured on the modified surfaces. Tribocorrosion and cell experiments were performed following the MAO treatment. Samples were divided as a function of different Ca/P concentrations and treatment duration. Higher Ca concentration produced larger porous and harder coatings compared to the untreated group ( p<0.001), due to the presence of rutile structure. Free potentials experiments showed lower drops ( 0.6 V) and higher coating lifetime during sliding for higher Ca concentration, whereas lower concentrations presented similar drops ( 0.8 V) compared to an untreated group wherein the drop occurred immediately after the sliding started. MAO-treated surfaces improved the matrix formation and osteogenic gene expression levels of hMSCs. Higher Ca/P ratios and the addition of Ag nanoparticles into the oxide layer presented better surface properties, tribocorrosive behavior, and cell responses. MAO is a promising technique to enhance the biological, chemical, and mechanical properties of dental implant surfaces.113114CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO11838-13-22013/08451-1The authors would like to thank the University of Illinois at Chicago for providing the facilities to perform this study, Rush University Medical Center on behalf of R. Urban for the SEM facility, Denise Carleto Andia for providing the human bone marrow stromal cells for some cell experiments, Rafael Parra from Univ Estadual Paulista (Sorocaba, Brazil) for his contribution and support in the Plasma Technology Laboratory, the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES) from Brazil for the doctoral fellowship of the first author (PDSE Proc. 11838-13-2), the State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for Grant No. 2013/08451-1, the National Science Foundation (NSF) for Grant No. 1067424, and finally financial support from NIH R03 AR064005

Gene Expression Dynamics During Bone Healing and Osseointegration

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141010/1/jper1007.pd

Gingival Fibroblasts as a Promising Source of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells efficiently generated from accessible tissues have the potential for clinical applications. Oral gingiva, which is often resected during general dental treatments and treated as biomedical waste, is an easily obtainable tissue, and cells can be isolated from patients with minimal discomfort.We herein demonstrate iPS cell generation from adult wild-type mouse gingival fibroblasts (GFs) via introduction of four factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc; GF-iPS-4F cells) or three factors (the same as GF-iPS-4F cells, but without the c-Myc oncogene; GF-iPS-3F cells) without drug selection. iPS cells were also generated from primary human gingival fibroblasts via four-factor transduction. These cells exhibited the morphology and growth properties of embryonic stem (ES) cells and expressed ES cell marker genes, with a decreased CpG methylation ratio in promoter regions of Nanog and Oct3/4. Additionally, teratoma formation assays showed ES cell-like derivation of cells and tissues representative of all three germ layers. In comparison to mouse GF-iPS-4F cells, GF-iPS-3F cells showed consistently more ES cell-like characteristics in terms of DNA methylation status and gene expression, although the reprogramming process was substantially delayed and the overall efficiency was also reduced. When transplanted into blastocysts, GF-iPS-3F cells gave rise to chimeras and contributed to the development of the germline. Notably, the four-factor reprogramming efficiency of mouse GFs was more than 7-fold higher than that of fibroblasts from tail-tips, possibly because of their high proliferative capacity.These results suggest that GFs from the easily obtainable gingival tissues can be readily reprogrammed into iPS cells, thus making them a promising cell source for investigating the basis of cellular reprogramming and pluripotency for future clinical applications. In addition, high-quality iPS cells were generated from mouse GFs without Myc transduction or a specific system for reprogrammed cell selection

Tribocorrosive behaviour of commonly used temporomandibular implants in a synovial fluid-like environment: Ti-6Al-4V and CoCrMo

The temporomandibular joint implant metal alloys, Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo, (n = 3/group) were tested under free-potential and potentiostatic conditions using a custom-made tribocorrosion apparatus. Sliding duration (1800 cycles), frequency (1.0 Hz) and load (16 N) mimicked the daily mastication process. Synovial-like fluid (bovine calf serum, pH = 7.6 at 37 °C) was used to simulate the in vivo environment. Changes in friction coefficient were monitored throughout the sliding process. Changes in surface topography, total weight loss and roughness values were calculated using scanning electron microscopy and white-light interferometry. Finally, statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests to determine significance between regions within each metal type and also independent sample t-tests to determine statistical significance between metal alloy types. Ti6Al4V demonstrated a greater decrease of potential than CoCrMo, a higher weight loss from wear (Kw = 257.8 versus 2.62 μg; p \u3c 0.0001), a higher weight loss from corrosion (Kc = 17.44 versus 0.14 μg; p \u3c 0.0001) and a higher weight loss from the combined effects of wear and corrosion (Kwc = 275.28 versus 2.76 μg; p \u3c 0.0001). White-light interferometry measurements demonstrated a greater difference in surface roughness inside the wear region in Ti6Al4V than CoCrMo after the sliding (Ra = 323.80 versus 70.74 nm; p \u3c 0.0001). In conclusion, CoCrMo alloy shows superior anti-corrosive and biomechanical properties. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd

Effects Of Dextrose And Lipopolysaccharide On The Corrosion Behavior Of A Ti-6al-4v Alloy With A Smooth Surface Or Treated With Double-acid-etching

Diabetes and infections are associated with a high risk of implant failure. However, the effects of such conditions on the electrochemical stability of titanium materials remain unclear. This study evaluated the corrosion behavior of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with a smooth surface or conditioned by double-acid-etching, in simulated body fluid with different concentrations of dextrose and lipopolysaccharide. For the electrochemical assay, the open-circuit-potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic test were used. The disc surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Their surface roughness and Vickers microhardness were also tested. The quantitative data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and independent t-tests (α = 0.05). In the corrosion parameters, there was a strong lipopolysaccharide correlation with the I pass (passivation current density), Cdl (double-layer capacitance), and Rp (polarization resistance) values (p&lt;0.05) for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with surface treatment by double-acid-etching. The combination of dextrose and lipopolysaccharide was correlated with the I corr (corrosion current density) and Ipass (p&lt;0.05). The acid-treated groups showed a significant increase in Cdl values and reduced Rp values (p&lt;0.05, t-test). According to the topography, there was an increase in surface roughness (R2 = 0.726, p&lt;0.0001 for the smooth surface; R2 = 0.405, p = 0.036 for the double-acid-etching-treated surface). The microhardness of the smooth Ti-6Al-4V alloy decreased (p&lt;0.05) and that of the treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy increased (p&lt;0.0001). Atomic force microscopy showed changes in the microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by increasing the surface thickness mainly in the group associated with dextrose and lipopolysaccharide. The combination of dextrose and lipopolysaccharide affected the corrosion behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface treated with double-acid-etching. However, no dose-response corrosion behavior could be observed. 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Influence Of Corrosion On Lipopolysaccharide Affinity For Two Different Titanium Materials

Statement of problem Titanium is subject to corrosion in the oral cavity, which could contribute to periimplantitis. However, the effect of corrosion on the lipopolysaccharide affinity for titanium remains unknown. Purpose This study evaluated the role of corrosion (in artificial saliva at pHs 3, 6.5, and 9) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affinity for commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Material and methods Seventy-two titanium disks were anodically polarized in a controlled environment (n=9). Control specimens were not corroded. Deionized water with different concentrations of LPS (1.5, 15, and 150 μg/mL) were used to treat the disks for 24 hours to investigate LPS adherence (n=3). Then specimens were immersed in LPS-free water to evaluate LPS elution at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Data were analyzed by the 2-way, 3-way, and 3-way repeated measures ANOVA, t tests, and the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) tests (α=.05). Results A greater corrosion rate of cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy and a higher LPS adherence to titanium surfaces (P<.05) were noted at acidic pH. The LPS affinity was higher for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy than for cp-Ti (P<.05). More LPS was eluted from titanium surfaces after a 24-hour interval. 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Corrosion Kinetics And Topography Analysis Of Ti-6al-4v Alloy Subjected To Different Mouthwash Solutions

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