Nonlinear Conduction by Melting of Stripe-Type Charge Order in Organic Conductors with Triangular Lattices

We theoretically discuss the mechanism for the peculiar nonlinear conduction in quasi-two-dimensional organic conductors \theta-(BEDT-TTF)2X [BEDT-TTF=bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] through the melting of stripe-type charge order. An extended Peierls-Hubbard model attached to metallic electrodes is investigated by a nonequilibrium Green's function technique. A novel current-voltage characteristic appears in a coexistent state of stripe-type and nonstripe 3-fold charge orders, where the applied bias melts mainly the stripe-type charge order through the reduction of lattice distortion, whereas the 3-fold charge order survives. These contrastive responses of the two different charge orders are consistent with the experimental observations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS MINYAK KELAPA YANG DIBUAT DARI Cocos nucifera L DENGAN BERBAGAI METODE KIMIAWI DAN FISIK

Berbagai penelitian i1miah beberapa tahun terakhir mcmbuktikan bahwa minyak kelapa murni (Virgin Coconut oil= VCO)mengandung asam lemak jenuh yang unik dan berbeda dari asam lemak jenuh pada umumnya, yaitu asam lemak jenuh rantai sedang dan pendek. Minyak kelapa murni secara dominan disusun oleh medium chains fatty acids (MCFA), Memiliki kadar asam lemak tak jenuh ganda omega-3, asam eikosapentaeinoal (EPA) dan asam asam dokosahcksaenoat (DHA) yang dapat menurunkan Very Low Densit Lipoprotein (VLDL). Pembuatan minyak kelapa dapat dilakukan dengan cara basah atau cara kering. Pembuatan minyak kelapa dengan cara kering menghasilkan rendeman minyak kelapa yang rendah dan biasanya sanitasi pengeringan kopra kurang sehingga kopra dapat ditumbuhi jamur yang akan akibatkan minyak tidak bisa langsung dikonsumsi sebelum melalui beberapa proses seperti : pemurnian, pemutihan, penghilangan aroma. Permasalahannya adalah apakah pembuatan minyak kelapa melalui cara pengasaman dengan asam asetat (teknik kimiawi) dan melalui cara pemanasan bertingkat dan penguapan dengan gelombang mikro (teknik fisik) tersebut dapat menghasilkan minyak kelapa dengan kualitas yang meemenuhi standar dan apakah ada perbedaan karakter kimia fisik antara minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan melalui kedua cara tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan minyak kelapa yang berkualitas melalui Metode kimiawi dan fisik tersebut dan menentukan metode pembuatan yang terbaik. Untuk mengetahui kualitas minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan dilakukun karakterisasi sifat kimia fisik minyak yang mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI. 2008). Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh akan diketahui metode yang dapat menghasilkan minyak kelapa murni yang berkualitas. Melode terpiih akan disosialisasikan kepada masyarakat dengan harapan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memproduksi minyak kelapa murni yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi Iebih tinggi

Fibro-Vascular Coupling in the Control of Cochlear Blood Flow

Transduction of sound in the cochlea is metabolically demanding. The lateral wall and hair cells are critically vulnerable to hypoxia, especially at high sound levels, and tight control over cochlear blood flow (CBF) is a physiological necessity. Yet despite the importance of CBF for hearing, consensus on what mechanisms are involved has not been obtained.We report on a local control mechanism for regulating inner ear blood flow involving fibrocyte signaling. Fibrocytes in the super-strial region are spatially distributed near pre-capillaries of the spiral ligament of the albino guinea pig cochlear lateral wall, as demonstrably shown in transmission electron microscope and confocal images. Immunohistochemical techniques reveal the inter-connected fibrocytes to be positive for Na+/K+ ATPase β1 and S100. The connected fibrocytes display more Ca(2+) signaling than other cells in the cochlear lateral wall as indicated by fluorescence of a Ca(2+) sensor, fluo-4. Elevation of Ca(2+) in fibrocytes, induced by photolytic uncaging of the divalent ion chelator o-nitrophenyl EGTA, results in propagation of a Ca(2+) signal to neighboring vascular cells and vasodilation in capillaries. Of more physiological significance, fibrocyte to vascular cell coupled signaling was found to mediate the sound stimulated increase in cochlear blood flow (CBF). Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) was required for capillary dilation.The findings provide the first evidence that signaling between fibrocytes and vascular cells modulates CBF and is a key mechanism for meeting the cellular metabolic demand of increased sound activity

Surface physical condition of asteroid Ryugu using close-up optical and thermal images

In 2018, the Hayabusa2 spacecraft [1] successfully conducted some descend operations toward Ryugu’s surface. They included MINERVA rover release in September, MASCOT lander release and two touchdown rehearsals in October. During these operations, we acquired high-resolved optical and thermal images from altitudes below 100 m, us- ing Optical Navigation Camera (ONC-T) and Ther- mal Infrared Imager (TIR), respectively. Close-up optical images by ONC-T show detailed physical conditions of the surface materials, such as particle size distribution of pebbles, surface morphol- ogy of small boulders and craters. Moreover, close-up thermal images by TIR indicate thermophysical prop- erties of the surface materials and its regional differ- ence, which cannot be resolved by higher altitude observations (e.g., home-position observations from 20 km altitude). Combination between optical and thermal observations is of great importance to under- stand the nature of the asteroid surface materials. In this study, we investigate the surface particle size from close-up ONC images. Thermophysical property of the surface component materials inferred from TIR images is also discussed, especially for the range observed for the thermal inertia of boulders

Addressing climate change with behavioral science: a global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors