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    Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ аспСкты МБКВ-диагностики острой массивной тромбоэмболии Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ

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    Introduction: The growing importance of the MSCT method in the case of acute massive pulmonary embolism forms new diagnostic directions Β β€” the determination of objective MSCT markers of right ventricular dysfunction and the search for new, previously ignored, MSCT parameters of angiographic severity of embolic load.The purpose of the study: to evaluate the prognostic role and predictivity of the results of MSCT angiopulmonography in the case of choosing a surgical method for the treatment of pulmonary embolism.Research objectives. Π’o analyze the influence of the volume of preserved peripheral arterial pulmonary blood flow on the results of surgical treatment of acute massive PE and the dependence of the average pressure in the pulmonary artery on the MSCT parameters.Materials and methods: this work examines the surgical approach to the treatment and possibilities of preoperative MSCT diagnosis of acute massive pulmonary embolism. The 7-year analysis included the analysis of more than 1,200 MSCT studies for acute massive pulmonary embolism. 147 patients were selected for surgical treatment and successfully operated on, the remaining patients received conservative therapy with dynamic MSCT observation. According to international classifiers, the analysis of classes and categories of intraoperative and postoperative complications of emergency surgical treatment was performed in comparison with the initial MSCT parameters of acute massive PE.Results. The smaller the number of segmental branches of the pulmonary artery is determined at the preoperative stage, the higher the risks of mortality and complications of emergency surgical treatment of acute massive PE (p<0,001). A direct relationship between the average pressure in the pulmonary artery and the MSCT parameter-the diameter of the unpaired vein (p<0,001) was confirmed. An increase in the number of visualized bronchial arteries corresponds to an increase in the average pressure in the pulmonary artery (p<0,05).Discussion. The lightning speed of the course of pulmonary embolism dictates an exceptional approach to the completeness of the diagnosis of the disease, and the change in treatment tactics due to the increasing demand for surgical methods of treatment changes the diagnostic approach to acute pulmonary embolism in general. The success of surgical treatment of PE directly depends on the completeness and speed of preoperative MSCT diagnostics, in particular, on the quality of analysis of intra-pulmonary and intracardiac hemodynamics.Conclusion: For acute massive PE with obstruction at the level of the trunk and / or main branches of the pulmonary artery, with a sharp and often uncontrolled progression of right ventricular failure, risk stratification in Β«real timeΒ» becomes the most relevant, the time factor becomes of paramount importance for determining treatment tactics. The inclusion of previously ignored MSCT parameters in the algorithm of preoperative diagnosis allows us to modify the algorithm of preoperative diagnosis, to form and introduce the concept of the reference MSCT status of a patient with acute massive PE.Β Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Рост значимости ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° МБКВ Π² случаС острой массивной эмболии Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ диагностичСскиС направлСния β€” ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… МБКВ-ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ дисфункции ΠΈ поиск Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ…, Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ…, МБКВ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ангиографичСской тяТСсти эмболичСской Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ.ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΈ Β ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² МБКВ-Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ Π²  случаС Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° хирургичСского ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ эмболии Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ.Β Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ исслСдования: ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ влияниС объСма сохранСнного пСрифСричСского Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ хирургичСского лСчСния острой массивной ВЭЛА ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ срСднСго давлСния Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ МБКВ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ².ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ Β ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Настоящая Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° рассматриваСт хирургичСский ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ Β Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ  возмоТностям Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ МБКВ-диагностики острой массивной тромбоэмболии Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. 7-Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΠ» Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 1200 МБКВисслСдований ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ острой массивной тромбоэмболии Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. На хирургичСскоС Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 147 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡŽ с  динамичСским МБКВ-наблюдСниСм. Богласно ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ классификаторам Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· классов ΠΈ Β ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ  послСопСрационных ослоТнСний экстрСнного хирургичСского лСчСния Π² сопоставлСнии с исходными МБКВ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ острой массивной ВЭЛА.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π§Π΅ΠΌ мСньшС количСство сСгмСнтарных Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π²Π΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ опрСдСляСтся Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ этапС, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ риски Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исхода ΠΈ ослоТнСний экстрСнного хирургичСского лСчСния острой массивной ВЭЛА (p<0,001). ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° прямая взаимосвязь срСднСго давлСния Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ МБКВ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π° β€” Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹ (p<0,001). Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ количСства Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ…ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ соотвСтствуСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ срСднСго Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ (p<0,05).ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠœΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ тСчСния эмболии Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ диагностики заболСвания, Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π° счСт Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ вострСбованности хирургичСских ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² лСчСния, мСняСт Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ диагностичСский ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ острой эмболии Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. УспСх хирургичСского лСчСния ВЭЛА Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΡƒΡŽ зависит ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ быстроты Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ МБКВ-диагностики, Π² частности ΠΎΡ‚ качСства Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ внутрисСрдСчной Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Для острой массивной ВЭЛА с обструкциСй Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ствола ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π²Π΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, с Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ прогрСссированиСм ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ нСдостаточности стратификация рисков Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Β«Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΒ» становится Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ для опрСдСлСния Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ лСчСния. Π’ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ диагностики Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… МБКВ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² позволяСт ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ диагностики, ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ввСсти понятиС ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ МБКВ-статуса ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° с острой массивной ВЭЛА

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ стСпСни ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ сСрдца Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с острой массивной тромбоэмболиСй Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° основании Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² КВ-диагностики

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    The study group included 147 patients at the stage of preparation for emergency surgical treatment of acute massive PE in the period from March 2012 to December 2019 inclusive. As CT indicators of overload of the right chambers of the heart, the usual CT indicators that do not require the use of expert – class computed tomographs were taken – they were the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, unpaired vein; reflux of the contrast drug into the inferior vena cava; reflux of the contrast drug into the hepatic veins. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the average pressure in the pulmonary artery with the above CT indicators was performed. The most stable statistical relationship with the indicators of mean pressure in the pulmonary artery was demonstrated by CT parameters – the diameter of the unpaired vein and the reflux of the contrast agent into the hepatic veins. Based on the results of the work, a method for calculating the actual values of the average pressure in the pulmonary artery based on the CT parameter of the diameter of the unpaired vein is proposed.Π’ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ исслСдования вошло 147 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° этапС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ экстрСнному хирургичСскому Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ острой массивной тромбоэмболии Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ (ВЭЛА) Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ с ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° 2012 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±Ρ€ΡŒ 2019 Π³. Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ. Π’ качСствС КВ-ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ сСрдца взяты ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ КВ-ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Π½Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ использования ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΎΠ² экспСртного класса, ΠΈΠΌΠΈ стали вСрхняя полая Π²Π΅Π½Π°, ниТняя полая Π²Π΅Π½Π°, нСпарная Π²Π΅Π½Π°; Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π»ΡŽΠΊΡ контрастного ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Π² ниТнюю ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡŽ Π²Π΅Π½Ρƒ; Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π»ΡŽΠΊΡ контрастного ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ исслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· срСднСго давлСния Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ с Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ КВ-показатСлями. НаиболСС ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ взаимосвязь с показатСлями срСднСго давлСния Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ продСмонстрировали КВ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ – Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π»ΡŽΠΊΡ контрастного ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹. По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° расчСта фактичСских Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ срСднСго давлСния Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° основании КВ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π° β€œΠ΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ вСны”

    ΠœΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ томография Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ уровня (Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ пространство)

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    Introduction. Continuous improvement and increased availability of high-tech research methods, such as computed X-ray tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement, qualitatively change the diagnostic search for combined vascular pathology, including when conducting studies of other organs and systems, even in the absence of any clinical manifestations.The purpose of the study: to evaluate the possibilities and determine the indications for CT diagnosis of arteriovenous conflicts of the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal space.Research objectives: to determine CT parameters and the algorithm of CT analysis of upper-level arteriovenous conflicts in modern radiation and urological aspects.Materials and methods. The study included 34 patients with arteriovenous conflicts of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space detected by computer X-ray tomography. The average age of patients is 39Β±11.0 years; the number of male patients isΒ 19Β (55.9%), femaleΒ β€” 15 (44.1%). Children’s patients accounted for 23.5% (8 people; average age 11Β±7 years). The preoperative diagnostic algorithm included a clinical examination, ultrasound diagnostics, a comprehensive study of laboratory parameters, CT-arterio/venography.The results of the study. Among the upperβ€”level arteriovenous conflicts, superior mesenteric artery syndrome prevailedΒ β€” it was observed in 23 patients (67.6%), of which aortomesenteric duodenal compression (Wilkie syndrome) was detected in 12Β patients (52.2%); aortomesenteric venous compression (Nutcracker syndrome)Β β€” in 11 patients (47.8%). Among children’s patients, aortomesenteric tweezers prevailed (5 patientsΒ β€” 62.5%). A combination of upper-level syndromes was detected in 6Β patients (17.6%). Compression syndrome of the left renal vein (aortovertebral venous compression, posterior nutcracker syndrome), or Nutcracker syndrome was detected in 11 patients (32.4%), which in all cases (100%) was a Β«random findingΒ» of CTΒ diagnostics.Conclusions. It is recommended to perform CT-, MR-studies with contrast enhancement (in angiography mode) in patients with a suspected diagnosis of arteriovenous conflict with the expansion of the scanning zone to the level of the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal space and pelvis in order to exclude combined multi-level vascular pathology. Mandatory for radiation analysis are the magnitude of the aortomesenteric angle, the magnitude of the aortomesenteric distance for the left renal artery, the magnitude of the aortovertebral distance for the left renal artery, the magnitude of the aortomesenteric distance for the duodenum; analysis of concomitant variant vascular pathology at the levels studied.Β Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ доступности высокотСхнологичных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² исслСдования, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ рСнтгСновская томография (КВ) ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎ-рСзонансная томография (МРВ) с контрастным усилСниСм, качСствСнно ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ диагностичСский поиск сочСтанной сосудистой ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π²Β Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ исслСдований Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² и систСм Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ отсутствии ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ…-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ клиничСских проявлСний.ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ возмоТности ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ показания к КВ-диагностикС Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ полости, Π·Π°Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пространства.Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ исслСдования: ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ КВ-ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈΒ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ КВ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ уровня в соврСмСнных Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… и урологичСских аспСктах.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. В исслСдованиС вошли 34 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° с выявлСнными ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ рСнтгСновской Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ полости, Π·Π°Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пространства. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ возраст ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² 39Β±11,0Β Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°; количСство ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² муТского ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Β β€” 19 (55,9%), ТСнского ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Β β€” 15 (44,1%). ΠŸΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ дСтского возраста составили 23,5% (8 Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ; срСдний возраст 11Β±7Β Π»Π΅Ρ‚). ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ диагностичСский Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π» клиничСский осмотр, ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ диагностику, комплСксноС исслСдованиС Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, КВ-Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎ/Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡŽ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ уровня ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» синдром Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π±Ρ€Ρ‹ΠΆΠ΅Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈΒ  β€” наблюдался ΡƒΒ  23 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (67,6%), ΠΈΠ·Β  Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ компрСссия двСнадцатипСрстной кишки (синдром Π£ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΈ) выявлСна ΡƒΒ  12 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (52,2%); Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ вСнозная компрСссия (синдром Π©Π΅Π»ΠΊΡƒΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ°)Β β€” ΡƒΒ 11 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (47,8%). Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² дСтского возраста ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΠ½Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ (5 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Β  β€” 62,5%). Π‘ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ синдромов Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ уровня выявлСно ΡƒΒ  6 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (17,6%). Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ сдавлСния Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ‹ (Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ вСнозная компрСссия, posterior nutcracker syndrome), ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ синдром Π©Π΅Π»ΠΊΡƒΠ½Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠ° выявлСн ΡƒΒ 11 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (32,4%), Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΎ всСх Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… (100%) стало «случайной Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ» КВ-диагностики.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ КВ-, МР-исслСдования с контрастным усилСниСм (Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ) ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ с ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π° с Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ сканирования Π΄ΠΎ уровня Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ полости, Π·Π°Π±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пространства ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°Π·Π° с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ сочСтанной Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ сосудистой ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠžΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ для Π»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π°, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ дистанции для Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ дистанции для Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ дистанции для двСнадцатипСрстной кишки ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ сосудистой ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° исслСдуСмых уровнях.

    Comparative assessment of the diagnostic value of echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging in determining myocardial viability

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    Aim. To compare myocardial imaging methods in patients with complicated coronary artery disease with significantly decreased myocardial contractility.Material and methods. This single-center retrospective study included 109 patients with complicated coronary artery disease who underwent surgical treatment between 2014 and 2020. All patients had indications for delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to determine myocardial viability due to a pronounced decrease in left ventricular contractility according to echocardiography (ejection fraction (EF) ≀30%).Results. Impairment of local contractility according to MRI and echocardiography significantly correlates with depth of contrast accumulation (p=0,0000000018 and p=0,0000034, respectively). Delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI with cine sequences allows to determine higher number of impaired contractility cases compared with echocardiography (p=0,000006).Conclusion. MRI with cine sequence allowed to determine higher number of impaired contractility cases compared with echocardiography. Delayed contrastenhanced MRI is a reliably more sensitive method than electrocardiography in detecting left ventricular scarring. The depth of contrast agent accumulation correlates with local contractility impairment detected by echocardiography and delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI

    Scientific, institutional and personal rivalries among Soviet geographers in the late Stalin era

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    Scientific, institutional and personal rivalries between three key centres of geographical research and scholarship (the Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography and the Faculties of Geography at Moscow and Leningrad State Universities) are surveyed for the period from 1945 to the early 1950s. It is argued that the debates and rivalries between members of the three institutions appear to have been motivated by a variety of scientific, ideological, institutional and personal factors, but that genuine scientific disagreements were at least as important as political and ideological factors in influencing the course of the debates and in determining their final outcome

    Π€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ дисциплину лСчСния Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ…, ΠΈ возмоТности ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ

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    The problem of lowering adherence to therapy in lung tuberculosis patients and abilities to enhance motivation to for treatment has not been highlighted in literature. The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing the adherence to treatment in tuberculosis patients and abilities to enhance their motivation for treatment. A total sample of 72 inpatients with infiltrative and firbocavernous lung tuberculosis were involved. They were residents of Samara region aged 22 to 56 yrs. To investigate factors reducing adherence to therapy a special questionnaire consisting of 34 points has been created proposed by Samara military medical university. Statistic analysis was performed using SPSS programme, version 12.0. As a result, the most common factors reducing adherence to therapy in lung tuberculosis patients were adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs, financial problems, complications of the disease and fear of their appearance, painfulness of treatment procedures, tiredness of long treatment period and of hospital environment. To overcome the fear education of the patients is necessary. To reduce the emotional component and painfulness of some treatment procedures, manual and audiomethods could be helpful. Effective therapy, confidence in the attendant physician and full information of the disease could enhance motivation to treatment.Вопрос ΠΎ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ…, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… дисциплину лСчСния Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ возмоТностях ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½. ЦСлью ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования явилось ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… дисциплину лСчСния Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ возмоТностСй ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ. Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ обслСдованиС 72 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ…, находящихся Π½Π° стационарном Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, взятых ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ сплошной Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Бамарской области, Π² возрастС ΠΎΡ‚ 22 Π΄ΠΎ 56 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. Для изучСния Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… дисциплину лСчСния Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π°, состоящая ΠΈΠ· 34 ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (рационализаторскоС ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Бамарского Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-мСдицинского института). БтатистичСская ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ SPSS 12.0. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ частыми Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ дисциплину лСчСния Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ: ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ дСйствиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², финансовыС трудности, ослоТнСния ΠΎΡ‚ лСчСния, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€, ΡƒΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ лСчСния ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ окруТСния. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ослоТнСниями Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ дисциплину лСчСния. Для прСодолСния страха трСбуСтся Ρ€Π°Π·ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° с ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ прямоС Π²Π½ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Π²Π½ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹. Для ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, связанной с Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·ΡŠΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²Π½ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ аудиовоздСйствиС. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ собствСнного лСчСния ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ эффСктивного, Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‡Ρƒ, стрСмлСниС ΠΊ информированности Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ для ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ

    Cystatin C Deficiency Promotes Epidermal Dysplasia in K14-HPV16 Transgenic Mice

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    Cysteine protease cathepsins are important in extracellular matrix protein degradation, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Mice lacking cathepsins are protected from tumor progression in several animal models, suggesting that the regulation of cathepsin activities controls the growth of various malignant tumors.We tested the role of cathepsins using a mouse model of multistage epithelial carcinogenesis, in which the human keratin-14 promoter/enhancer drove the expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) early region E6/E7 transgenes. During the progression of premalignant dysplasia, we observed increased expression of cysteine protease cathepsin S, but concomitantly reduced expression of cathepsin endogenous inhibitor cystatin C in the skin tissue extract. Absence of cystatin C in these transgenic mice resulted in more progression of dysplasia to carcinoma in situ on the face, ear, chest, and tail. Chest and ear skin extract real time PCR and immunoblot analysis, mouse serum sample ELISA, tissue immunohistological analysis, and tissue extract-mediated in vitro elastinolysis and collagenolysis assays demonstrated that cystatin C deficiency significantly increased cathepsin expression and activity. In skin from both the chest and ear, we found that the absence of cystatin C reduced epithelial cell apoptosis but increased proliferation. From the same tissue preparations, we detected significantly higher levels of pro-angiogenic laminin 5-derived Ξ³2 peptides and concurrently increased neovascularization in cystatin C-deficient mice, compared to those from wild-type control mice.Enhanced cathepsin expression and activity in cystatin C-deficient mice contributed to the progression of dysplasia by altering premalignant tissue epithelial proliferation, apoptosis, and neovascularization

    Human macrophage foam cells degrade atherosclerotic plaques through cathepsin K mediated processes

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Proteolytic degradation of Type I Collagen by proteases may play an important role in remodeling of atherosclerotic plaques, contributing to increased risk of plaque rupture.</p> <p>The aim of the current study was to investigate whether human macrophage foam cells degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) of atherosclerotic plaques by cathepsin K mediated processes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We 1) cultured human macrophages on ECM and measured cathepsin K generated fragments of type I collagen (C-terminal fragments of Type I collagen (CTX-I) 2) investigated the presence of CTX-I in human coronary arteries and 3) finally investigated the clinical potential by measuring circulating CTX-I in women with and without radiographic evidence of aortic calcified atherosclerosis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immune-histochemistry of early and advanced lesions of coronary arteries demonstrated co-localization of Cathepsin-K and CTX-I in areas of intimal hyperplasia and in shoulder regions of advanced plaques. Treatment of human monocytes with M-CSF or M-CSF+LDL generated macrophages and foam cells producing CTX-I when cultured on type I collagen enriched matrix. Circulating levels of CTX-I were not significantly different in women with aortic calcifications compared to those without.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Human macrophage foam cells degrade the atherosclerotic plaques though cathepsin K mediated processes, resulting in increase in levels of CTX-I. Serum CTX-I was not elevated in women with aortic calcification, likely due to the contribution of CTX-I from osteoclastic bone resorption which involves Cathepsin-K. The human macrophage model system may be used to identify important pathway leading to excessive proteolytic plaque remodeling and plaque rupture.</p

    Viral emissions into the air and environment after SARS-CoV-2 human challenge: a phase 1, open label, first-in-human study

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    Background Effectively implementing strategies to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires understanding who is contagious and when. Although viral load on upper respiratory swabs has commonly been used to infer contagiousness, measuring viral emissions might be more accurate to indicate the chance of onward transmission and identify likely routes. We aimed to correlate viral emissions, viral load in the upper respiratory tract, and symptoms, longitudinally, in participants who were experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this phase 1, open label, first-in-human SARS-CoV-2 experimental infection study at quarantine unit at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, healthy adults aged 18–30 years who were unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2, not previously known to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and seronegative at screening were recruited. Participants were inoculated with 10 50% tissue culture infectious dose of pre-alpha wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (Asp614Gly) by intranasal drops and remained in individual negative pressure rooms for a minimum of 14 days. Nose and throat swabs were collected daily. Emissions were collected daily from the air (using a Coriolis ΞΌ air sampler and directly into facemasks) and the surrounding environment (via surface and hand swabs). All samples were collected by researchers, and tested by using PCR, plaque assay, or lateral flow antigen test. Symptom scores were collected using self-reported symptom diaries three times daily. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04865237. Findings Between March 6 and July 8, 2021, 36 participants (ten female and 26 male) were recruited and 18 (53%) of 34 participants became infected, resulting in protracted high viral loads in the nose and throat following a short incubation period, with mild-to-moderate symptoms. Two participants were excluded from the per-protocol analysis owing to seroconversion between screening and inoculation, identified post hoc. Viral RNA was detected in 63 (25%) of 252 Coriolis air samples from 16 participants, 109 (43%) of 252 mask samples from 17 participants, 67 (27%) of 252 hand swabs from 16 participants, and 371 (29%) of 1260 surface swabs from 18 participants. Viable SARS-CoV-2 was collected from breath captured in 16 masks and from 13 surfaces, including four small frequently touched surfaces and nine larger surfaces where airborne virus could deposit. Viral emissions correlated more strongly with viral load in nasal swabs than throat swabs. Two individuals emitted 86% of airborne virus, and the majority of airborne virus collected was released on 3 days. Individuals who reported the highest total symptom scores were not those who emitted most virus. Very few emissions occurred before the first reported symptom (7%) and hardly any before the first positive lateral flow antigen test (2%). Interpretation After controlled experimental inoculation, the timing, extent, and routes of viral emissions was heterogeneous. We observed that a minority of participants were high airborne virus emitters, giving support to the notion of superspreading individuals or events. Our data implicates the nose as the most important source of emissions. Frequent self-testing coupled with isolation upon awareness of first symptoms could reduce onward transmissions. Funding UK Vaccine Taskforce of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy of Her Majesty's Government
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