Celebrations of Christianity

A festival is when everyone comes together to celebrate and have fun. It is natural for everyone living in the world to think they should always be happy. But even though it is not possible to have as much happiness as everyone thinks, they still want to see at least a few days in their lives as happy days. It is said that human life is a combination of pleasure and suffering. Festivals are a pleasure in such a life. Literature often speaks of festivals. Similarly, John Palmer’s ‘Kiristayanam (Life of Christ in Tamil)’ book also contains information about ceremonies. Kiristayanam was published in 1865 by John Palmer of Tamil Nadu. The Christian epic, Christianity, begins with sections on the Bible, the Worship of God, and the History of the Book. In the section on Worship of God, he worships the Trinity God that is, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, through separate songs. The epic ‘Kristayanam’ consists of 842 Vrithappas (a type of verse) consisting of four sections, namely, Bala Kaandam, Kriya Kaandam, Avastha Kaandam, and Arokana Kaandam. Each section has different subheadings. This article highlights the celebrations found in the book of Christianity, which describes the biography of Jesus Christ

IMG-GUARD: Watermark Based Approach for Image Privacy in OSN Framework

A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that is used by people to build social networks or social relations with another persons who are share their own details or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. Social networking sites are varied and they incorporate a range of new information and various tools such as availability personal computers, mobile devices such as tablet computers and smart phones, digital photo/video/sharing and "web logging" diary entries online (blogging). While Online Social Networks (OSNs) enable users to share photos easily, they also expose users to several privacy threats from both the OSNs and external entities. The current privacy controls on social networks are far from adequate, resulting in inappropriate flows of information when users fail to understand their privacy settings or OSNs fail to implement policies correctly. Social networks may be complicated because of privacy expectations when they reserve the right to analyze uploaded photos using automated watermarking technique. A user who uploads digital data such as image to their home page may wish to share it with only mutual friends, which OSNs partially satisfy with privacy settings. In this paper, we concentrate to solve the privacy violation problem occurred when images are published on the online social networks without the permission. According to such images are always shared after uploading process. Therefore, the digital image watermarking based on DWT co-efficient. Watermark bits are embedded in uploaded images. Watermarked images are shared in user homages can be difficult to misuse by other persons

Effectiveness of lady’s finger juice on blood sugar level among type 2 diabetes mellitus clients at Samayanallur, Madurai

This study was to assess the effectiveness of lady’s finger juice on blood sugar level among type 2 diabetes mellitus clients at Samayanallur, Madurai.Type 2 diabetes mellitus is defined as a heterogeneous disorder involving both genetic and environmental factors. Modified Widenbach’s prescriptive theory and Quantitative approach with Quasi experimental Non equivalent control group pre test post test design was adopted for this study. With the use of non probability purposive sampling technique, 30 clients were assigned to experimental group, and 30 were in control group (n = 60). After getting informed consent, baseline data was collected using structured interview questionnaire. Pretest fasting and post prandial blood sugar was assessed using glucometer for both the groups. Lady’s finger juice 150 ml was given to the experimental group daily in empty stomach for 30 days. On day 31, post test fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels were assessed. Result revealed that the pre test mean (fasting 148.2 and postprandial 197.73) was higher than post test mean (fasting 116.8 and postprandial 146.67). The obtained t value was 10.26 for fasting blood sugar and 14.4 for post prandial blood sugar level, at P < 0.05 level of significance. There was a significant association between blood sugar levels among experimental group and certain demographic and clinical variables. The study concludes that experimental group had reduction in the blood sugar level than control group. Hence, the lady’s finger juice had effect on blood sugar level among type 2 diabetes mellitus clients

Hemolymph acid phosphatase activity in the green mussel (Perna viridis, Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to copper and mercury

The lysosomal system in bivalves is sensitive to changes in the intra and extra cellular environment. The activity pattern of hemolymph acid phosphatase, a marker enzyme of the lysosomal system, was studied in the green mussel (Perna viridis) exposed to sub lethal concentration of 25 μg/l of copper and mercury at 24 hr, 72 hr, 7th day and 14th day. The results of the study revealed that at the sub lethal level, copper can induce remarkably higher acid phosphatase activity (hypersynthesis) than mercury. Hypersynthesis of the enzyme occurs much earlier in copper treated mussels than observed in mercury exposed mussels, but on continued exposure, the acid phosphatase activity shows a considerable decline

A Clinico-pathological Study of Papulonodular Lesions of Skin in a Rural Hospital Setup

Introduction: Skin disorders are a common cause of morbidity in our country, High prevelance of dermatological lesions is seen in tropical countries. The spectrum of lesions varies significantly depending on the geographical region, so accurate diagnosis is of utmost importance as treatment is varied for different skin disorders presenting with similar clinical findings. Aim: To study the spectrum of papulonodular lesions of skin and to evaluate concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of papulonodular skin lesions. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pathology at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote, Karnataka, India, from October 2017 to September 2019. The study included 100 skin biopsies that had clinically presented as papules, nodules and as papulonodular lesions. Based on the histopathological findings the lesions were grouped according to aetiology and the final histopathological diagnosis was compared with the clinical diagnosis offered. The slides were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, examined under a microscope and findings were noted. Special stains on the tissue sections like Zeihl-Neelson and Fite Faraco were used when required. The qualitative characteristics presented using frequency and percentages, quantitative variables presented using Mean±SD. Results: In the 100 biopsies studied 77 cases were papular, 20 cases were nodular and 3 cases were both papular and nodular. The lesions were common in males (54%) with 67% being in the 21-50 years age group. Lesions were categorised into five aetiological groups based on histology i.e. non infectious papulosquamous (25%), eczematous (23%), Inflammatory (20%), Infectious (11%) and lastly neoplastic (21%). A clinicopathological association of 79% was observed with differences mainly observed in the eczematous group and tumours. Conclusion: This study highlights the various common skin disorders that can present as papulonodular lesions and the significance of histopathological examination and clinicopathological association for early diagnosis and management of skin lesions

Study on the reproductive behavior among women of rural areas of Pondicherry

Background: The fertility rate in India is declining and it is necessary to know the factors responsible for such decline in different states. It was decided to study reproductive behavior of women contributing to decline in fertility in Pondicherry. The aim and objective of this study is known the reproductive behavior of women in the rural areas on Pondicherry.Methods: Sample of 300 married women aged between 30 and 60 years were selected randomly from village belonging to Katerikuppam PHC and the data collected using the pre tested semi open ended questionnaires by interviewing the subjects at their doorsteps during September to November 2014.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 41.5 ± 9.5 years. There were 793 total pregnancies and live births were 701 and abortions accounted for ten percent and still births were 9 in number. The mean number of pregnancies and live births were 2.6 ± 1.1 and 2.3 ± 1.0 per women respectively. The mean age at menarche, marriage and first pregnancy were 14.3 ± 1.4, 19.6 ± 3.1 and 21.1 ± 3.1 years respectively. The mean number of pregnancies were declined from currently older age to the lower age of the subjects and found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: The mean age at marriage and first pregnancy is increasing and the differences in the mean number of pregnancies and live births are showing declining trend.

First record of Pig eye shark, Carcharhinus amboinensis (Muller & Henle, 1839) from Karnataka

The pig eye shark, Carcharhinus amboinensis is a requiem shark found in tropical waters between latitudes 260 N and 260 S, from the surface to 150m

A comparative study of cytomorphological features of primary and metastatic hepatic lesions - A tertiary care hospital experience

Background: Ultrasonography (USG)-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the liver is a primary diagnostic procedure for primary and metastatic hepatic lesions. It is a minimally invasive and accurate technique and renders timely diagnosis for further management. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the cytomorphological features of primary and metastatic hepatic lesions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years. 50 cases of clinically suspicious cases for hepatic malignancy were radiologically confirmed by USG and were subjected to FNAC under USG guidance with simultaneous cell block preparation in 35 cases. Relevant biochemical and serological data were retrieved from laboratory investigation archives. Results: The study was conducted on 50 cases of hepatic lesion. Majority of cases were male patients. All liver lesions were diagnosed on USG scan. Out of 50 cases diagnosed cytomorphologically, 8 cases (16%) were diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma. Among metastatic lesions, more prevalent lesions were adenocarcinoma 20 (40%). The rest of metastatic deposits included poorly differentiated carcinoma 12 (24%), mucinous carcinoma 4 (8%), malignant lymphoma 3 (6%), neuroendocrine tumor 2 (4%), and malignant melanoma 1 (2%). Primary site for metastatic lesions was diagnosed in 22 cases (52.4%) and unknown in 20 cases (47.6%). Conclusion: FNAC is a quick, feasible, and reliable procedure which enables the interpretation of cytological features of malignant hepatic masses

Association between plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cardiac disease hospitalizations and deaths in older women

Background Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) or lipocalin 2 may promote atherosclerosis and plaque instability leading to increased risk of cardiac events. We investigated the relationships between plasma NGAL , cardiovascular disease biomarkers, and long-term cardiac events. Methods and Results The study population consisted of 1131 ambulant older white women (mean age 75 years) without clinical coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and measures of plasma NGAL in the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women with 14.5-year CHD and heart failure hospitalizations or death (events) captured using linked records. Over 14.5 years, 256 women had CHD events, while 118 had heart failure events. Per SD increase in log-transformed NGAL there was a 35% to 37% increase in relative hazards for CHD and heart failure events in unadjusted analyses, which remained significant after adjustment for conventional risk factors for CHD events (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.13-1.48, P0.05). Women in the highest 2 quartiles of NGAL had higher relative hazards for CHD events compared with women in the lowest quartile hazard ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.08-2.39, P=0.019 and hazard ratio 1.97, 95% CI 1.33-3.93, P=0.001, respectively. These associations were independent of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, homocysteine, and estimated renal function. NGAL correctly reclassified 1 in 4 women who sustained a CHD event up in risk and 1 in 10 women without CHD events down in risk. Conclusions NGAL was associated with increased risk of long-term CHD events, independent of conventional risk factors and biomarkers. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the role of NGAL with cardiac events

Shark Awareness Day 14th July

Shark Awareness Day 14th Jul