Private tuition in India: trends and issues

Introduction In India, like most developing countries, there exists a system of “private tuition” parallel to the formal system of education to supplement academic support and to overcome school inadequacies. In recent years private tutoring emerged as major force as a result of both demand and market mechanisms. In fact, in terms of its nature, extent and importance it is comparable to the formal system or, it is like a shadow of the formal system (Bray, 1999). In other words, private tutori..

The GL_2 main conjecture for elliptic curves without complex multiplication

The main conjectures of Iwasawa theory provide the only general method known at present for studying the mysterious relationship between purely arithmetic problems and the special values of complex L-functions, typified by the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer and its generalizations. Our goal in the present paper is to develop algebraic techniques which enable us to formulate a precise version of such a main conjecture for motives over a large class of p-adic Lie extensions of number fields. The paper ends by formulating and briefly discussing the main conjecture for an elliptic curve E over the rationals Q over the field generated by the coordinates of its p-power division points, where p is a prime greater than 3 of good ordinary reduction for E.Comment: 39 page

A Review on Effect of E-Hrm Practices on Msme Productivity

The influence of technology on human resource management has become a focal point of extensive research in recent times. This study seeks to delve into the extent of technology's impact on various facets of human resource management, including recruitment, training and development, performance evaluation, and employee engagement.The research further delves into how technological advancements such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics have empowered organizations to streamline their HR operations, enhance their decision-making capabilities, and elevate employee satisfaction.The investigation also encompasses an examination of the potential challenges posed by technology in HR management, encompassing concerns about privacy, the displacement of jobs, and the imperative need for upskilling and reskilling the workforce. the research underscores that technology has wrought significant transformation in the realm of human resource management, offering a multitude of advantages like heightened efficiency, increased productivity, and improved employee engagement. Nevertheless, it equally underscores the vital need for responsible and ethical implementation of technology to avert adverse consequence

Impregnable Defence Architecture using Dynamic Correlation-based Graded Intrusion Detection System for Cloud

Data security and privacy are perennial concerns related to cloud migration, whether it is about applications, business or customers. In this paper, novel security architecture for the cloud environment designed with intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS) components as a graded multi-tier defense framework. It is a defensive formation of collaborative IDPS components with dynamically revolving alert data placed in multiple tiers of virtual local area networks (VLANs). The model has two significant contributions for impregnable protection, one is to reduce alert generation delay by dynamic correlation and the second is to support the supervised learning of malware detection through system call analysis. The defence formation facilitates malware detection with linear support vector machine- stochastic gradient descent (SVM-SGD) statistical algorithm. It requires little computational effort to counter the distributed, co-ordinated attacks efficiently. The framework design, then, takes distributed port scan attack as an example for assessing the efficiency in terms of reduction in alert generation delay, the number of false positives and learning time through comparison with existing techniques is discussed

Preliminary in Vitro- Investigation on Antimicrobial Activity of Mononuclear and Dinuclear Iron (III) Complexes

In vitro effect of two dinuclear and mononuclear iron complexes with different ligands was examined on Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. Broad spectrum antibiotic oxytetracycline was used as control. The experiment was performed by the routine agar-diffusion method of bauer et al. and the method of  minimum  inhibitory concentrations (MICs). It was  found  that mononuclear complexes expressed antibacterial effect in vitro, especially against Gram (+) strains. The minimum inhibitory effect of Fe (NADP) Cl2 was more pronounced

Improvement in seed germination by priming treatments in Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.)

The seeds must be viable and non-dormant for the efficient cultivation of the species of medicinal plants. The seeds of Solanum nigrum possess primary dormancy, which restricts germination. Hence, a laboratory experiment was conducted during 2019 in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The S. nigrum seeds were primed by soaking in different chemicals viz.,GA3 100ppm, Thiourea1%, KNO3 0.5%, Succinic acid 100 ppm, Ascorbic acid 100 ppm, hydro and dry control with soaking durations of 12h and seeds were dried under shade to bring back to their original moisture content and used for assessing the seed quality studies. The results revealed that among the different priming treatments Thiourea 1% recorded higher seed quality parameters viz, speed of germination (5.6), germination (88 %), seedling length (5.92 cm) and vigour index (520) and the enzyme activity of dehydrogenase (0.072 OD value) and lower values of electrical conductivity( 0.027 dsm-1),  amino acids (0.119 ?gg-1 ) and sugars ( 0.175 ?gg-1 ). Hence it could be recommended as pre-sowingg seed priming treatment in S. nigrum

NANOENCAPSULATION AUGMENTS RELEASE EFFICACY AND GLUCOSE TOLERANCE OF 14-DEOXY, 11, 12-DIDEHYDRO ANDROGRAPHOLIDE LOADED POLYCAPROLACTONE NANOPARTICLES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETES

Objective: This study was designed to study the release efficacy and glucose tolerance of 14-deoxy, 11, 12-didehydroandrographolide loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetes. Methods: Biodegradable polymer based novel drug delivery systems had brought a considerable attention to improve therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of various drugs. In this study, 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (sparingly water soluble) loaded polycaprolactone (nano-DDA) was synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol and tween20 as surfactants. MTT assay was performed to analyse the cytotoxicity of both the formulations on L6 myoblasts. Free DDA and nano-DDA were administered orally to the streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced experimental diabetic rats for 45d. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out at the end of the study. After one week washout period, animals were administered with free and nano-DDA and release efficacy of DDA from polymer matrix and concentration of glucose were analysed. Results: MTT assay revealed that nano-DDA prepared using tween-20 as a surfactant elicited cytotoxicity towards L6 myoblasts, whereas nano-DDA prepared using polyvinyl alcohol as a surfactant remained non-toxic till 10µM. OGTT studies revealed an initial increase of glucose at 30 min followed by a progressive decrease in the glucose level. In rat plasma, a gradual decrease in glucose level was observed up to 32h (139 mg/dl) for free DDA, whereas nano-DDA exhibited a major decrease in glucose concentration at 32h (115 mg/dl) which continued even after 48h (117 mg/dl). Conclusion: A slow and sustained release of DDA from the polymer matrix substantiated that nanoencapsulation enhanced the oral bioavailability of DDA which resulted in decreasing the concentration of glucose which could be due to the pronounced antihyperglycemic activity of nano-DDA over free DDA

Intend Of Viscous Dryers And The Use Of Plastic Waste On Viscous Floors

The primary purpose of the design of this road is to provide a smooth surface for passing vehicles as the wells are less inclined. That is why it is uncomfortable and causes a lot of confusion. Plastic waste and its disposal are major environmental hazards as they cause pollution and landslides. The use of plastic waste in bibulous mixtures will improve its properties and strength 1. In addition, it will also be a solution to remove various plastics and defects by means, such as holes, amplifiers, pipes etc. It is organized due to the combination of hot and mixed tar and can be used to repair the road. This will not only strengthen the road but also increase its durability. Titanium dioxide is used as a smoke detector that absorbs smoke from cars. This new technology will benefit the hot climate in India. It is economic and environmental. In this paper we talk about the nature of the soil to be considered when designing sidewalks, repairing sidewalks, making it easier to process and smoking plastic cigarettes

Portable Biomass Gasifier Power Generation Using Non Edible Seed Cake

Non edible seeds are used most of the applications but the dehydration of seed cakes is too difficult. And the same time the seeds could not feed food as animal. Hence, to adopt various techniques it can be used for other applications. 1 ton crude oil yield from 3 tons of seeds and the remaining becomes seed cake. After oil extraction using screw press machine, seed cake still has 10 % to 15 % of oil.  Hence this is a good combustible material with calorific value of approximately 600 Kcal/m3 and the electrical output voltage 180 – 200 at the range of 3.00 -3.5 amps. This paper deals with the power generation from Jatropha seed cake using gasification technology