Spillover impact of the U.S. monetary policy shock on China\u27s economy: capital flow channel

This study builds an open economy theoretical model with financial frictions to analyse the spillover impact of the U.S. monetary policy shock on China’s economy through capital flow channel. Bayesian technique is employed to estimate the TVP-VAR model and obtain three main results. First, the increase in the U.S. nominal interest rate causes the decline in China’s capital inflow, which has a negative spillover impact on China’s economy and leads to the decline in China’s real output. Second, this negative spillover impact on China’s economy has no structural time-varying characteristics. Third, the pass-through effect from international capital flow to China’s real output is greater than that of international capital flow itsel

The heterogeneity spillover impact of U.S. permanent and temporary monetary shocks on China’s economy

This study adopts the New Keynesian theoretical model to analyse the heterogeneity spillover effect of U.S. permanent and temporary monetary policy shock on China’s economy through an exchange rate channel. It also employs the Bayesian technique to estimate SVAR model and obtain two main results. First, the permanent increase in the nominal interest rate in the U.S. causes Chinese yuan appreciation and U.S. dollar depreciation, which has a negative spillover impact on China’s economy and leads to the decline in China’s real output. Second, the temporary increase in the nominal interest rate in the U. S. leads to Chinese yuan depreciation, which has a positive spillover impact on China’ s macroeconomy and leads to the rise of China’s real output

OCT Application Before and After Cataract Surgery

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), especially anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT), plays an important role in ophthalmology. With the technology evolving from time-domain to spectral-domain, more and more detailed ocular information has become available. Anterior segment OCT provides particularly useful information for cataract surgeons. This chapter focuses mainly on AS-OCT evaluation of eyes before and after cataract surgery. Four aspects including: (1) anterior lens capsule and lens epithelium evaluation using spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT); (2) investigation of clear corneal incision in femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery using SD-OCT; (3) capsular block syndrome evaluation before and after treatment using SD-OCT; (4) IOL power calculation in post-myopic excimer laser eyes using SD-OCT, will be discussed in this chapter

High mobility group box-1 in hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei attenuates sympathetic tone in rats at post-myocardial infarction

Background: Inflammation is associated with increased sympathetic drive in cardiovascular diseases. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is a key regulator of sympathetic nerve activity at post-myocardial infarction (MI). High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) exhibits inflammatory cytokine like activity in the extracellular space. Inflammation is associated with increased sympathetic drive in cardiovscular diseases. However, the role of HMGB1 in sympathetic nerve activity at post-MI remains unknown. The aim of the present study is to determine the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in the PVN, in terms of sympathetic activity and arrhythmia after MI. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to induce MI. Anti-HMGB1 polyclonal antibody or control IgG was bilaterally microinjected into the PVN (5 μL every second day for seven consecutive days). Then, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded. The association between ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and MI was evaluated using programmedelectrophysiological stimulation. After performing electrophysiological experiments in vivo, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of HMGB1, while Western blot was used to detect the expression of HMGB1 and p-ERK in the PVN of MI rats. Results: HMGB1 and p-ERK were upregulated in the PVN in rats at post-MI. Moreover, bilateral PVN microinjection of anti-HMGB1 polyclonal antibody reversed the expression of HMGB1 and p-ERK, and consequently decreased the baseline RSNA and inducible VAs, when compared to those in sham rats. Conclusions: These results suggest that MI causes the translocation of HMGB1 in the PVN, which leads to sympathetic overactivation through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The bilateral PVN microinjection of anti-HMGB1 antibody can be an effective therapy for MI-induced arrhythmia

A Novel Fluorescent Sensor for the Sensitive Detection of Mercury

AbstractMercury pollution is a widespread danger to human health and environment. To developed a effective method for mercury detecting is in high demand. This work demonstrated a novel bright fluorescent molecule DPDTC for the sensing of mercury. The approach was mainly based on the mercury-induced fluorescence turn-off of DPDTC. The probe was prepared by a simple method and exhibited high fluorescence. The fluorescence of DPDTC was very stable and immue to photobleaching. Results showed that DPDTC was a promising tool for mercury detection. Moreover, DPDTC could be immoblized on a paper to prepare an simple and portable sensor which expanded its real application

Phenotypic comparison and DNA sequencing analysis of a wild-type and a pediocin-resistant mutant of Listeria ivanovii

Listeria ivanovii is one of the two pathogenic species within the genus Listeria, the other being L. monocytogenes. In this study, we generated a stable pediocin resistant mutant Liv-r1 of a L. ivanovii strain, compared phenotypic differences between the wild-type and the mutant, localised the pediocin-induced mutations in the chromosome, and analysed the mechanisms behind the bacteriocin resistance. In addition to pediocin resistance, Liv-r1 was also less sensitive to nisin. The growth of Liv-r1 was significantly reduced with glucose and mannose, but less with cellobiose. The cells of Liv-r1 adsorbed less pediocin than the wild-type cells. Consequently, with less pediocin on the cell surface, the mutant was also less leaky, as shown as the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase to the supernatant. The surface of the mutant cells was more hydrophobic than that of the wild-type. Whole genome sequencing revealed numerous changes in the Liv-r1 chromosome. The mutations were found e.g., in genes encoding sigma-54-dependent transcription regulator and internalin B, as well as in genes involved in metabolism of carbohydrates such as glucose and cellobiose. Genetic differences observed in the mutant may be responsible for resistance to pediocin but no direct evidence is provided.Peer reviewe