Analysis of Distribution Transformer Physiological and Electrical Fault Detection - A Smart Grid Application

  Power grids transport electricity from the point of generation to the market. Power conversion from HV to LV and vice versa occurs in grids, also known as substations. These substations or power grids can be accessible or situated in remote locations. Transformers are used to convert power; they are an essential part of transmission and distribution networks. The method of grid monitoring and maintenance is essentially a very monotonous one. Monitoring the health of the transformers to maintain an uninterrupted power supply to the customers is difficult in such circumstances. Overvoltage, load currents, oil temperature, transformer oil level, and other parameters are monitored. The condition of the distribution transformer’s is evaluated in this article using real-time data from the transformer and specific sensors connected to Raspberry pi and artificial neural networks, are used to analyse the situation and make decisions regarding the health of the transformer. A model has been proposed for continuous monitoring consistent vigilance and swift actions against any faulty situations

Synthesis of quinazolinone conjugated shorter analogues of bactenecin7 as potent antimicrobials

A series of shorter peptide analogues of Bactenecin7 (RP, PRP, GPRP and RPRP) were synthesized and conjugated to 3-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl) propanoic acid to study the effect of conjugation. All the peptides and their conjugates were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds viz., peptides, heterocyclic conjugates and the hydrogenolyzed products were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogens. The results revealed that all the conjugates have shown enhanced activity than their counterparts. Further, hydrogenolyzed tetrapeptide conjugates (10 and 13) have exerted highly potent activity nearly 3-4 times than the standard drugs used

Novel urea and thiourea derivatives of thiazole-glutamic acid conjugate as potential inhibitors of microbes and fungi

Since discovery and development of effective as well as safe drugs has brought a progressive era in human healthcare that is accompanied by the appearance of drug resistant bacterial strains, there is constant need of new antibacterial agent having novel mechanisms of action to act against the harmful pathogens. In the present study, several N-terminal substituted urea/thiourea derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of glutamic acid and 3-(1-piperazinyl)-1,2-benzisothiazole with various substituted phenyl isocyanates/isothiocyanates. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data confirmed the structure of the newly synthesized compounds. The derivatives were investigated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against various pathogens of human origin by agar well diffusion method and microdilution method. The preliminary antimicrobial bioassay reveals that the compounds containing fluoro and bromo as substituents showed promising antimicrobial activity

A green method for selective acetylation of primary alcohols using ethyl acetate and solid potassium carbonate

A simple and selective acetylation of primary alcohols in the presence of other reactive functionalities such as secondary alcohol, phenol, acetonide and amine is described using mild ethyl acetate as the acetyl-transfer agent and solid potassium carbonate as the catalyst

Urea/thiourea derivatives of quinazolinone-lysine conjugates: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of antimicrobials

Synthesis of a series of urea/thiourea/acetamide/sulphonamide derivatives of quinazolinones conjugated lysine has been reported. Structures of the products have been determined by standard spectroscopical studies. All the compounds have been screened for their antibacterial studies and structure activity relationship has been developed. The activity profile revealed that the compounds containing urea and thiourea functionalities along with fluoro group have exerted a highly potent activity. Thus, the title compounds represent a novel class of potent antimicrobial agents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Synthesis and evaluation of novel ureido/thioureido derivatives of amino acid conjugated 2,3-dichlorophenyl piperazine as highly potent antiglycating agents

We report the synthesis and in vitro antiglycation activity of more than 80 amino acid–heterocycle conjugate derived ureas and thioureas. They were characterized by physical and spectroscopical methods. Many of the analogues synthesized showed activity at the sub-micro molar level. Introduction of different amino acids as linker and systematic variation of the substituents on the aromatic ring revealed promising leads. In particular, compounds containing Glu and Tyr as the linkers exhibited high antiglycating potency with IC50 1–4μM as against the reference, rutin with IC50 41.9μM. Conclusions Compounds bearing halogen atoms emerged as the most active analogues and serve as lead for future studies

Design and synthesis of amino acids-conjugated heterocycle derived ureas/thioureas as potent inhibitors of protein glycation

Protein glycation is believed to play an important role in the development of long-term disorders associated with diabetic complications. In view of the wide occurrence of advanced glycation end products (AGE's) and the oxidative stress derived from them in a variety of diabetic complications, it would be of great interest to identify and develop AGE inhibitors. In this study, synthesis and in vitro antiglycation activity of a small library of forty urea/thiourea derivatives of Phe/Tyr/Glu/Lys-benzisoxazole hybrids are reported. Structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Most of the title compounds exhibited promising activity. Best antiglycation activity was found for Tyr analogue with methoxy group as a substituent particularly at the para position with IC50 value of 1.9 μM against the positive control, Rutin, with IC50 = 41.9 μM. Thus, the title compounds represent novel class of potent antiglycating agents

Synthesis and SAR studies of urea and thiourea derivatives of Gly/Pro conjugated to piperazine analogue as potential AGE inhibitors

Synthesis of a series of urea and thiourea derivatives of glycine and proline conjugated to 2,3-dichlorophenyl piperazine has been reported. The structures were confirmed by physical and spectroscopical measurements followed by characterization of antiglycation activity. All synthesized compounds were able to inhibit protein glycation, particularly halogen containing derivatives without preference of oxygen or sulphur at the urea function. The best analogues are nearly 20 fold (\textless 5 μM) more potent than the reference standard, rutin (41.9 μM)

Inhibition of protein glycation by urea and thiourea derivatives of glycine/proline conjugated benzisoxazole analogue-Synthesis and structure-activity studies

Synthesis of a new series of urea/thiourea derivatives of Gly/Pro conjugated benzisoxazole has been reported. Structure of the compounds was characterized by physical and spectroscopical data and has been screened for their in vitro antiglycation activity. Several compounds showed promising activity with IC50 < 5 μM compared to standard rutin (IC 50 = 41.9 μM). Further, it was found that compounds containing methoxy and bromine substituents have exerted highly potent activity. Thus, the title compounds represent novel class of potent antiglycating agents