Sifat Fisiko-Kimia Dendeng Daging Giling Terkait Cara Pencucian (Leaching) Dan Jenis Daging Yang Berbeda

Dendeng is a typical Indonesian jerked meat commonly made from sliced or ground beef with 2 mm thickness. This research was conducted to study the effect of kind of meat and leaching method on pH, toughness, protein, fat content and peroxide value (PV) of ground jerked meat. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The first factor was three levels of leaching methods (no washing, washed in 1.5 x 1.5 x1.5 cm size and washed minced meat). The second factor was kind of meat namely horse meat, lamb and beef. The results indicated that neither interaction effect between leaching and kind of meat nor effect of leaching were significant on all characteristics observed. Kind of meat influenced significantly on the pH, toughness, fat content and PV of dendeng (P < 0.01)

Review Perbandingan Metode Meminimalkan Torsi Denyut pada Outer-rotor dan Dual-stator Generator Magnet Permanen Fluks Radial pada Teknologi Pltb Skala Kecil

Paper ini menyajikan review literature dari metode-metode untuk meminimalkan torsi denyut pada desain outer-rotor generator magnet permanen fluks radial dan dual-stator generator magnet permanen fluks radial. Kedua desain generator magnet permanen fluks radial (GMPFR) diaplikasikan pada pembangkit listrik tenaga angin kecepatan putar rendah dengan didukung struktur multi-pole agar dapat memberi tegangan dan daya keluaran optimal. Kendala kedua desain ini ada pada produksi torsi denyut yang dihasilkan akibat adanya celah udara. Metode yang dibahas untuk mengatasi hal tersebut antara lain pole-arc, desain struktur magnet permanen, stator tooth pairing dan stator displacement. Hasil motede meminimalisir torsi denyut pada kedua desain dibandingkan dan didapat hasil torsi denyut terendah sebesar 0.3 Nm pada desain outer-rotor GMPFR dengan metode desain struktur magnet permanen

Perencanaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (Pltmh) Karangtalun, Kabupaten Temanggung

Generally in remote rural areas, especially in the Temanggung regency Karangtalun are difficult to reach PLN's electrical supply but have the potential for huge energy of river water, then it can be utilized by the construction of Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) for rural electricity needs can be fulfilled with the population evenly so that no society can not feel the electricity in the place they live in this modern era. In areas that are Logung river on the border between Kendal and Temanggung regency that have the potential of water (Q) of 1,30 m3/sec with a 15 m high waterfall. Then it can generate power for the turbine at 137,85 Kw with the type of cross flow turbine capable to power in the Karangtalun as many as 153 homes. The costs incurred for the development of Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) Karangtalun Rp. 11.859.530.000,00 with construction work for 91 weeks

IN VITRO SELECTION ON FUSARIC ACID OF Vanilla planifolia PLANTLETS FOR OBTAINING A CULTIVAR, WHICH RESISTANT TO Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

The most production constrain on Vanilla planifolia Andrews plantation recently has been caused by foot rot disease that later influence in decreasing the yield product. This disease is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (Fov). So far, the disease has not been successfully prohibited although some experiments had been conducted. The use of foot rot resistant cultivar has been introduced, which expected has high yield as one alternative method for controlling this disease. A resistant vanilla plantlet to Fov has been initiated by in vitro selection on MS medium containing fusaric acid (FA) on selective concentration. The purpose of research were to study and determine: 1) The proper combination of 2,4-D and NAA for callus initiation and shoot development from shoot tip explants, along with proper concentration of BAP for shoots initiation from nodal explants; 2) The FA concentration of plantlet selection tolerant to steady growth; 3) The proper concentration of FA for in vitro selection for suppressing the Fov. Results showed that: 1) the proper concentration of both combination between 2,4-D and NAA is about 2,0 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively for callus initiation and shoot development from shoot tip explants; also the BA concentration is 1,0 mg/L for shoot initiation from a nodal explants; 2) the FA tolerant concentration for plantlet selection with vanilla steady growth is between 90 ppm-110 ppm; 3) the 110 ppm of FA was effective for suppressing the Fov compared to 90 ppm and 100 ppm respectively.Keywords: Vanilla planifolia Andrews, the vanilla foot rot disease, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae, in vitro, fusaric aci

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED PLANLET Vanilla planifolia Andrews. ON FUSARIC ACID, RESISTANT TO Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

Vanilla is one of the important agricultural export commodity of Indonesia. The vanilla from Indonesia is well known for it high levels of vanillin content,which is about 2,75%. Until recently, the most hazardous disease of vanilla is foot rot infection caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.vanillae (Fov). One alternative way to control the foot rot disease is by using cultivars which resistant to its pathogen. Selected plantlets have been induced by using fusaric acid on the in vitro medium. The goal of this research is to characterize the anatomical point of few especially on leaves, pseudo bulb and root with respect of resistant to Fov. Moreover, it is also addressed to determine the different characters of the phenotype vanilla plantlet whichare total of phenol, peroxydases enzyme activity, the thickness of lignin, and the chlorophyll content. The data on this research were recorded, compiled and categorized as descriptive qualitative and quantitative information. Theresult showed significant increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and also the total of chlorophyll. The overall in line correlated with the increasing FA concentration. The total chlorophyll at 90 ppm FA could increased about 1,2 times, while at 100 ppm and 110 ppm FA could enhanced about 1,4 to 1,5 times compared to control. Anatomical characters between vanilla control, infected fov, and resistant to fov, were showed clearly at the stele part especially at xylem as the main function for transporting water from root to the leaf, which formed thyllose. Phenol total at about 4,39 % in control, increased to 5,34% in 90 ppm, and followed by 5,52 % in 100 ppm and 5,87 % at 110 ppm. Peroxidases enzyme activity at FA 90 ppm produced about 0,25 U/mg/min, and at 100 ppm FA on 0,34 U/mg/min, while at FA 110 ppm generated 0.36 U/mg/min compared to control, at 0,12 U/mg/min. The thickness of lignin tracheid in the treatment of 90 ppm was at about 14,59 ìm; 100 ppm 18,16 ìm; and 110 ppm 19,39 ìm compared to controls 10,28 ìm. In conclusion over all showed that FA induced plantlet vanilla inin vitro medium resulted in change of phenotype compare to control, which also affect its anatomy structure, especially on lignification and thyllose formation at surrounding tracheids, which could be use as marker for defend mechanism of plant to Fov.Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.Vanillae, peroxydases enzyme, anatomical characters

Asthenopia Pada Pekerja Wanita Di Call Centre-x

. Nowdays, computers have been used widely in every kind of occupation. One of the health problems of the computer using is eyestrain or asthenopia. Some experts have tried to correlate the exposure of Video Display Terminal (VDT) with the occurrence of asthenopia but until present there is no database about the prevelance of computer operators found they more easily become asthenopic. The complain of asthenopia itself is subjective and varies in every individual and therefore one measureable objective value is needed to determine the occurrence of the asthenopia case itself.The design of the study was using "pre and post test", it involved 72 subjects in "X"-call centre and using photostress test to measure objectively the occurrence ofasthenopia by measuring the increasing of Macular Recovery Time (MKT) before and after working.The average shift of MKT was about 2.98 ± 3.57 second within 68.1 % of thesubjects, which were evaluated after 4-hour working time with their VDT. The distance between the eyes to VDT and the satisfaction with the working shift arrangement had significant correlation with the occurrence of asthenopia. There was significant correlation between subjective complaints such as pain within the area around the eyes,headache and dry eyes due to increasing of the MR

Variability and Intra-Specific Classification of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) from Timor Island based on Morphological Characters

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a species of beans which originating from the regions of Central America and Andes Mountains. Lima bean in Timor Island is underutilized although these plant growth there and have many variations. This study aims to determine the diversity of lima beans on Timor Island based on morphological characters. Samples were collected by survey methods from three districts on the island of Timor. Morphological traits related to the vegetative and flowering stages and mature seeds morphology were scored using the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute lima bean descriptors with a soft modification. The similarity index is calculated using the General Similarity Coefficient Gower formula. The dendogram is generated from cluster analysis using the Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) method. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the role of each morphological character used. The dendogram shows that 23 collected accessions are divided into two main clusters with a 57% similarity index. The two clusters are distinguished based on the presence or absence of secondary colors and secondary patterns in the seed organs. Then, each main cluster is divided into two subclasses based on the character of the pigmentation stem, the length of the terminal leaflets, flower color, and seed type

Optimizing of a Horizontal Cylinder Type Cocoa Roaster for Dried Cocoa Cotyledon Roasting

The secondary process of cocoa is one of the promising alternatives to increase the value added of dried cocoa beans. One the other hand, the development for secondary cocoa process requires an appropriate technology that is not available yet for small or medium scale business. Cocoa roaster is a basic equipment to produce good and competitive secondary cocoa products for chocolate industry. The Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute has, therefore, designed and tested a horizontal cylinder type roaster for drying cocoa cotyledon. The cylinder has 405 mm diameter, 520 mm long and is rotated by a 1 HP (0.75 kW), 220 V, single phase and 1400 rpm electric motor. Assisted with a gear reducer, the final cylinder rotation is adjusted at approximately 6 rpm. The heat for roasting process is generated from kerosene burner. At the end of roasting, the roasted beans are cooled down by ambient air inside a cooling platform by natural air flow. The raw material used in this optimizing test was dried fine cocoa cotyledon. Field tests showed that the optimum performance of the roaster was 7 kg dried fine cocoa cotyledon loaded with roasting temperature 120 oC and 25.57 kg/h optimum capacity. The organoleptic test showed that score of aromatic, flavour, acidity, bitterness, astringency and burnt were 4.8, 5.2, 5.4, 5.2, 4.8 and 0.8 with 10 scale, also 4.2 with 5 scale for likely. The roasting time was 15—25 minutes to get 2.5—3% final water content depend on roasting temperature and cocoa cotyledon loaded