Design of Stocking Density of Broilers for Closed House in Wet Tropical Climates

The objectives of this research were to: 1) design the stocking density of broiler reared at a closed house system in wet tropical climates based on the heat released by broiler, 2) design broiler harvesting system based on the housing heat load, and 3) design required housing area based on the broiler age. The housing design used to determine the broiler stocking density was based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Solid Works Flow Simulation software. The method had good validation shown by small number of average percentage of deviation (6.07%). Simulation was carried out by changing the number of broilers i.e. 16, 18, 20, 21 and 22 birds/m2. According to the CFD simulation result, total heat load inside the house was 233.33 kW at 21 birds/m2 at weight 1.65 kg/bird. At that stocking density the housing can be occupied by 27,224 birds until 22 days of age. The highest total weight was produced by daily harvesting started from 22 to 32 d. It can be concluded that the stocking density of closed house for broiler is 34.65 kg/m2, total production is 45,717 kg per period and the required area for 27,224 broilers is 248.63 m2 (1 to 7 days of age broiler), 562.52 m2 (8 to 14 days of age broiler) and 1,000 m2 (15 to 22 days of age broiler)

Design of Stocking Density of Broilers for Closed House in Wet Tropical Climates

The objectives of this research were to: 1) design the stocking density of broiler reared at a closed house system in wet tropical climates based on the heat released by broiler, 2) design broiler harvesting system based on the housing heat load, and 3) design required housing area based on the broiler age. The housing design used to determine the broiler stocking density was based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Solid Works Flow Simulation software. The method had good validation shown by small number of average percentage of deviation (6.07%). Simulation was carried out by changing the number of broilers i.e. 16, 18, 20, 21 and 22 birds/m2. According to the CFD simulation result, total heat load inside the house was 233.33 kW at 21 birds/m2 at weight 1.65 kg/bird. At that stocking density the housing can be occupied by 27,224 birds until 22 days of age. The highest total weight was produced by daily harvesting started from 22 to 32 d. It can be concluded that the stocking density of closed house for broiler is 34.65 kg/m2, total production is 45,717 kg per period and the required area for 27,224 broilers is  248.63 m2 (1 to 7 days of age broiler), 562.52 m2 (8 to 14 days of age broiler) and 1,000 m2 (15 to 22 days of age broiler). Key words: broiler, computational fluid dynamics, stocking density, total hea

Analysis of Air Temperature Distribution in a Closed House for Broiler in Wet Tropical Climate

The objective of this research was to analyze the air temperature distribution in a closed house system for broiler in wet tropical climate by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to figure out the comfort level of the broiler in that system. The dimension of the experimental house was 100 m x 10 m x 2.4 m which could be occupied by 12,000 to 16,000 broiler chickens. The wall was made from expose mercy brick and curtain, plafond was made from galvanize, ventilation system used 6 fans with 1.27 m diameter and cooling pad and in-house lighting system used 60 units of 8 Watt lamps. The analysis of temperature distribution using CFD had high precision as was shown by the small number of average percentage of deviation (6.39%) between analyzed and measured results. Horizontally, the temperature distribution near the cooling pad was lower than others and continued to increase until near the position of the fan. In vertically, the air temperature in the area near the husks and the plafond were higher than the other mesurement points. At that height, the effective temperatures which were still comfort for the broiler were 20.07 oC, 19.81 oC and 20.04 oC at 12:20 h, 13:55 h and 15:20 h, respectively

Fertigation Scheduling in Hydroponics System for Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithms

A computer program for fertigation scheduling in a hydroponics system has been developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithms (GA). The ANN model was used to establish the relationship between the environmental factors and outflow volume of fertigation in a hydroponics system for cucumber. The result showed that the predicted outflow volume agreed well with those of the measured values. The correlation coefficients (R2) between the predicted and measured values were 0.9673, 0.9432, and 0.8248 for vegetative, flowering and maturation stages, respectively. Optimum schedules for vegetative, flowering, and maturation stages were in a good coincidence at R2 of 0.8808 with the amount of fertigation required by the plants as calculated using the empirical method

Application of Deep Sea Water (DSW) for Nutrient Supplement in Hydroponics Cultivation of Tomato : Effect of Supplemented DSW at Different EC Levels on Fruit Properties

Deep sea water (DSW) has the potential characteristics for nutrient supplement in hydroponics cultivation. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the application of DSW as a nutrient supplement for tomato cultivation in hydroponics system. Tomatoes were grown on 4 beds in nutrient film technique (NFT) system circulated with 1.5 dS m-1(control), 10 dS m-1 15 dS m-1 and 20 dS m-1 of nutrient solution, respectively. DSW was supplemented into nutrient solution of control to obtain high EC level. Fresh weight of fruits decreased varied from 10-20% by increasing DSW concentration in nutrient solution, but the effect of the treatment was not found on size of 3rd truss fruits. The density of fruits increased as the DSW concentration increased in nutrient solution. Tomato stiffness of treated plants had almost the same value among EC levels although different among 3 trusses. Fruit quality parameters increased by increasing the DSW concentration in nutrient solution. Treated plants circulated with EC 20 dS m-1 supplemented nutrient solution for 2 weeks produced tomatoes with highest soluble solids, 8.0% Brix or increased 30% of control (1st truss). However there were no significant effect on fruits of 2nd and 3rd trusses. DSW could be used as nutrient supplement for hydroponics cultivation of tomato

Aplikasi Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST) untuk Pendugaan Suhu Larutan Nutrisi yang Disirkulasikan dan Didinginkan Siang-Malam pada Tanaman Tomat Hidroponik

Cultivation of tomato plant under hydroponics system in the greenhouse is suitable way to improve fruit quality since it is easier to control environmental parameters. In this system, water and nutrition are two important things for plant to growth. In the tropical area such as Indonesia, air temperature is main constraint in the plant production system. Increasing air temperature inside the greenhouse has positive correlation to the raising temperature of nutrient solution which affected to the ability of the plant to absord the nutrition. The effective way to anticipate increasing of its temperature is by using the cooling system of nutrient solution before circulated to the plant. This paper presented the application of Articificial Neural Network (ANN) to estimate the temperature of nutrient solution which was cooled on day-night time and circulated to the plant. ANN models, called time delay neural network, consist of 3 layers with 4 input nodes and 1 output node. As input model were t (time), Tg(i) (air temperature inside the greenhouse on time i), Tt(i) (temperature of nutrient solution in the tank on time i), Tb(i-1) (temperature of nutrient solution in the plant plots on time i-1) and as output model was Tb(i) (temperature of nutrient solution in the plant plots on time i). The model was developed well with validation result better than heat transfer model previously indicated by coefficient determination (R2) of 0.9498

Penanaman Nilai-nilai Kejujuran melalui Pendidikan Anti Korupsi di SMA 6 Kota Semarang

. Korupsi di Indonesia bagaikan suatu “penyakit†yang sukar disembuhkan dan merupakan suatu fenomena yang kompleks. Untuk memberantas korupsi di Indonesia tidak cukup hanya dengan melakukan suatu tindakan represif, namun yang lebih mendasar lagi adalah melakukan tindakan preventif atau pencegahan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan melalui tindakan preventif ini adalah dengan menumbuhkan kepedulian untuk melawan berbagai tindakan korupsi, dan sekaligus juga mendidik generasi muda dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai etika dan moral yang diperlukan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Banyak hal yang dapat dilakukan, misalnya melalui kampanye publik, maupun melalui penanaman nilai-nilai moral dan etika yang dapat dimasukkan dalam kurikulum pada berbagai level terutama pada level pendidikan awal seperti SD, SMP dan SMA. Dengan upaya ini diharapkan mereka dapat tumbuh menjadi generasi yang “bersih†dan “anti korupsi†sekaligus menjadi contoh bagi generasi sesudahnya dan sebelumnya. Kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat perlu ditumbuhkan melalui berbagai cara, antara lain dengan mencanangkan â€Gerakan Anti Korupsiâ€, yang menandai komitmen berbagai elemen masyarakat dalam memberantas korupsi

Analisis dan Simulasi Distribusi Suhu Udara pada Kandang Sapi Perah Menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

This experiment was conducted to analyze the temperature and relative humidity distribution in dairy barn of Friesian Holstein (FH) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a basic consideration for dairy barn design. The capacity of the dairy barn was 20 heads of FH with tail to tail model. The dimensions of the dairy barn were: 13 m in length, 6.3 m in width, and 5.75 m in height. The floor was made from concrete with 20 slope. Asbestos was used as roof of the dairy barn, whereas frame of the dairy barn was made from steel. The results of the analysis showed that during the daytime, air temperature inside the dairy barn increased by the height from floor level. The CFD simulation showed clearly the temperature distribution in the dairy barn. Air temperature obtained from CFD simulation was in line with that of the measured values. Therefore, it can be used as basic consideration for the dairy barn design with respect to low air temperature and uniform air temperature distribution. It was recommended that one of the best design configurations is 6.25 m high, 8.3 m wide, 0.4 m high of wall. The best design could decrease 0.474 0C of air temperature and increased dry matter intake of dairy cattle 0.403 kg per day per head. The amount of heat production of FH was considered to determine the best design of dairy barn. Key words: dairy barn design, air temperature distribution,computational fluid dynamics (CFD