The effects of music on pulse rate and blood pressure in healthy young adults

Background: Music is a combination of frequency, beat, density, tone, rhythm, repetition, loudness and lyrics. Cardiovascular autonomic function syncs with the different musical rhythms and modulates the cardiovascular system. When we are exposed to slow beat music the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated decreasing the heart rate and while listening to fast beat music the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated and increases the heart rate. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of slow and fast beat music on pulse rate and blood pressure.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 100 healthy adults of age group 18-25yrs. The subject was made to lie down in a couch and pulse rate and blood pressure is measured by LED BP apparatus. After that slow beat music (“The weightless” most relaxing song of 2011) was played through the headphone. Then the pulse rate and blood pressure were recorded immediately after the music. After a period of 5 minutes rest, again pulse rate and blood pressure were measured. Then, fast beat music (“World Wide chopper”) was played and the pulse rate and blood pressure were measured immediately after the fast music.Results: There was significant reduction in pulse rate and blood pressure after listening to slow music whereas there was significant increase in pulse rate and blood pressure after listening to fast music.Conclusions: We concluded that listening to slow beat music lowers the pulse rate and blood pressure, thereby improving the cardiac autonomic regulation

Enriched multi objective optimization model based cloud disaster recovery

AbstractIn cloud computing massive data storage is one of the great challenging tasks in term of reliable storage of sensitive data and quality of storage service. Among various cloud safety issues, the data disaster recovery is the most significant issue which is required to be considered. Thus, in this paper, analysis of massive data storage process in the cloud environment is performed and the massive data storage cost is based on the data storage price, communication cost and data migration cost. The data storage reliability involves of data transmission, hardware dependability and reliability. Reliable massive storage is proposed by using Enriched Multi Objective Optimization Model (EMOOM). The main objective of this proposed optimization model is using Enriched Genetic Algorithm (EGA) for efficient Disaster Recovery in a cloud environment. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed EMOOM model is effective and positive and reliable

Based on Pause Time Comparative Analysis made among Bee-Ant Colony Optimized Routing (BACOR) Vs Existing Routing Protocols for Scalable Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)

In this paper based on swarm intelligence a new approach for an on demand ad-hoc routing algorithm is proposed. The foraging behavior of Ant colony optimization and Bee colony optimization, which are the subset of swarm intelligence and considering the ability of simple ants to solve complex problems by cooperation. Several algorithms which are based on ant colony problems were introduced in the literatures to solve different problems, e.g., optimization problems. The proposed algorithm is compared and proven by results that the approach has the potential to become an appropriate routing tactics for mobile ad-hoc networks. The results were presented based on the simulations made with the implementation in ns-2. Keywords:BACOR, Bee Routing, Ant Routing, Bee-Ant Routin

A Review on Web Application Testing and its Current Research Directions

Testing is an important part of every software development process on which companies devote considerable time and effort. The burgeoning web applications and their proliferating economic significance in the society made the area of web application testing an area of acute importance. The web applications generally tend to take faster and quicker release cycles making their testing very challenging. The main issues in testing are cost efficiency and bug detection efficiency. Coverage-based   testing is the process of ensuring exercise of specific program elements. Coverage measurement helps determine the “thoroughness” of testing achieved. An avalanche of tools, techniques, frameworks came into existence to ascertain the quality of web applications.  A comparative study of some of the prominent tools, techniques and models for web application testing is presented. This work highlights the current research directions of some of the web application testing techniques

Antimicrobial Activity of Lysozyme against Oral Pathogens

Saliva contains a number of antimicrobial substances which have their origin either in salivary glands or serum from which they may leak into the mouth via the gingival crevices. Saliva is believed to possess a substantial influence on the aggregates oral pathogens form in the mouth due to the antibodies as well as proteins whose antimicrobial properties do not depend on prior exposure to an antigen. One such enzyme is Lysozyme which is one of the most powerful natural antibacterial and antiviral compounds known to man. According to previous researches, it has been found out that lysozyme may bind and aggregate Gram-positive bacteria such as putative Gram-negative periodontopathic bacteria such as Capnocytophaga gingivalis. This particular study explores the natural phenomenon Lysozyme exhibits against oral microflora with noteworthy conclusions. Saliva samples were collected from the oral cavity of human, cow and dog. From these samples, lysozyme was isolated and purified. Furthermore, the quantity of the enzyme isolated was ascertained by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The quantified enzyme showed 32kDa for cow sample, 23kDa for dog sample and 23kDa for human sample. Finally the antimicrobial activity of the enzyme was determined by agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus faecalis. Hence lysozyme in saliva is found to have the antibacterial activity against the pathogen due to the zone of inhibition observed and this proves that a tool to prevent dental decay is available and that there is potential to serve antimicrobial role in the specific application of medical industry

A study of pulmonary function test in type II diabetes mellitus: spirometry based

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in nearly all countries, and continues to increase in numbers and significance, as changing lifestyles lead to reduced physical activity, and increased obesity. According to WHO survey, India will be the world diabetic capital in 2025. As the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, with type II diabetes accounting for 90 – 95% of all cases. It is often asymptomatic in its early stages and can remain undiagnosed for many years. The etiogenesis of type II diabetes reflects the heterogeneous genetic, pathologic, environmental and metabolic abnormalities that can exist in different patients and all lead to a final common pathway of hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with continuing damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, lungs and blood vessels. The pathogenesis is thought to involve both a microangiopathic process and non enzymatic glycosylation of tissue proteins. This process results in impaired collagen and elastin cross-linkage with a reduction in strength and elasticity of connective tissue. Due to the presence of an abundant connective tissue and an extensive microvascular circulation raises the possibility that lung may be a target organ in diabetic patients. It has been demonstrated that pulmonary complications in diabetes are due to thickening of walls of alveoli, alveolar capillaries and pulmonary arterioles and these changes cause pulmonary dysfunction. These microvascular complications appear early within 5 to 10 yrs and macrovascular complications appear within 15 to 20 yrs from the onset of diabetes. In type I diabetes lung function has been investigated in several clinical studies and evidenced reduced lung volume, reduced elastic recoil, diminished respiratory muscle performance, decrease in pulmonary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. As the prevalence of type II DM is increasing, particularly in developing countries like India, and since these changes can potentially incapacitate the patients, it is of utmost importance to define these changes. It is also important to find ways of retarding the progression of disease so that they do not become irreversible thus allowing millions of patients to be economically productive). It has been suggested that pulmonary dysfunction may be one of the earliest measurable non metabolic alteration in diabetes. So it is important to determine whether these lung function changes also occur in type II diabetes. Thus, this study was under taken to correlate the lung function in type II diabetes with duration of diabetes and to find out whether it is obstructive or restrictive pattern. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: 1. To study lung function in type II diabetic patients. 2. To correlate pulmonary function test with duration of diabetes mellitus. 3. To find out whether it is obstructive or restrictive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 healthy volunteers were randomly recruited from the general population residing around Thanjavur Medical College. 40 type II diabetic patients were selected from the diabetic outpatient department of age group 35 – 55yrs with duration of diabetes more than 2 yrs. This was a case-control type of study done in the period may 2011-2012. The study group was divided into two groups based on the duration of diabetes as 2-5yrs and 6-10yrs. Group I - 40 healthy controls. Group II - type II diabetic patients having diabetes for 2-5 years. Group III - type II diabetic patients having diabetes for 6-10 years. An informed written consent was obtained from all the participants prior to their participation in the study. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional ethical committee of Thanjavur Medical College. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Glycemic status for the participants was measured by doing fasting & post prandial blood sugar. HbA1c was determined by turbidimetric immunoassay and its value less than 7 % was taken for study. Detailed history and thorough clinical examination was carried out. Inclusion criteria: Apparently healthy individuals with type II diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemic drugs and having diabetes for more than 2 years duration of age group 35 – 55years. Thorough clinical examination and history was obtained from the subjects in order to determine the health status of the individual. Exclusion criteria: • Smokers. • Patients with history of cardiac/respiratory disease (hypertension, myocardial infarction, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, tuberculosis). • History of recent surgery. • History of recent respiratory tract infection. • History of occupational exposure. Pulmonary function tests were done using computerized spirometer which was standardized according to American Thoracic Society performance criteria [Spiro Excel – Digital Spirometer – Medicaid systems]. RESULTS: Totally 80 subjects were participated in the study. Out of 80 participants, 40 were type II diabetes forming the study group and the remaining 40 were normal subjects forming the control group. The study group was divided into 2 subgroups based on the duration of diabetes as 2-5 years and 6-10 years. The anthropometric, biochemical and the lung function parameters were analyzed by arithmetic mean and standard deviation. The mean values of pulmonary function parameters of the diabetics were compared with healthy controls using Independent Student’s t test. The pulmonary function parameters were correlated with duration of diabetes by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. CONCLUSION: The result of the present study shows that there is a decrease in the pulmonary function in type II diabetics when compared with healthy controls. In this study there is a restrictive type of pulmonary impairment in type II diabetics and as the duration of diabetes increases the restrictive lung impairment becomes more prominent. Pulmonary function parameters are negatively correlated with the duration of diabetes. These findings are of importance in that they demonstrate the need for prevention of lung damage. The pulmonary dysfunction may be one of the earliest and easily measurable non-metabolic alterations in diabetes. Therefore the patients with diabetes are suggested to undergo pulmonary function testing periodically. As spirometry is much more reliable, valid and simple test, it is time to include the spirometer as a tool for monitoring diabetes. Strict glycemic control and regular breathing exercises to strengthen respiratory muscles is necessary to improve the pulmonary function in type II diabetics

VALIDATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL IN PURE AND IN ITS DOSAGE FORM

Objective: A simple, economic, selective, precise, and accurate UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the analysis of Chloramphenicol in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations was developed and validated in the present study. Methods: Based on oxidative coupling reaction with MBTH reagent at PH-4.5 which is extractable at 620 nm. The Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 1-6 ml (10-60 µg ml-1). Results: The RSD was found to be 0.0194% and recovery is 99.73%. The method was completely validated and proven to be rugged. The interferences of the ingredients and recipients were not observed. The repeatability and the performance of the proved method were established by point and internal hypothesis and through recovery studies. Conclusion: The method was found to be accurate and precise, as indicated by recovery studies close to 100 and % RSD is not more than 2. The summery of validation parameters of proposed UV-Visible method is given

VALIDATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL IN PURE AND IN ITS DOSAGE FORM

A simple, précis, rapid sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Chloramphenicol UV in pure form and its pharmaceutical formulations based on oxidative coupling reaction UV with MBTH reagent at P H-4 which is extractable at 620 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 1-6 ml (10-60 µgml-1). The developed method was applied directly and easily for the analysis of the pharmaceutical formulations. RSD was found to be 0.0194 % and recovery 99.73%. The method was completely validated and proven to be rugged. The interferences of the ingredients and excipients were not observed. The repeatability and the performance of the proved method were established by point and internal hypothesis and through recovery studies.Keywords: Spectrophotometry, Chloramphenicol, MBTH, Oxidative coupling

Urinary tract infection caused by Myroides spp. in diabetic patients: To be or not to be

Myroides is a non-fermentative, Gram-negative rod-like bacteria. It is a rare opportunistic pathogen which has been reported to cause many serious infections. Management of infections caused by Myroides can be challenging due to its high resistance to most antibiotics. We report three cases of urinary tract infection (UTI) due to Myroides species in patients with diabetes mellitus Type II. Myroides spp. isolated were resistant to all the antibiotics tested: Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftriaxone-cefoperazone sulbactam, amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, colistin, tigecycline, and co-trimoxazole. Two strains were sensitive to minocycline (minimum inhibitory concentration <1 μg/mL). Two patients had Foley’s catheter in place and one patient had urinary retention at the time of diagnosis. The infection in two cases was nosocomial, whereas one case appeared to have a community-acquired infection with Myroides. Clinicians should consider the possibility of Myroides as a pathogen in UTI in diabetic patients, especially in nosocomial settings