Relation Between Daydreaming and Well‑Being: Moderating Effects of Otaku Contents and Mindfulness

The relationship between daydreaming and well-being were examined with mindfulness and consumption of Otaku contents (animations and games) as potential moderators. Recent theory suggests that both the context and contents of daydreaming matter in determining the beneficial effects of daydreaming. Mindfulness is a candidate for the former, whereas Otaku contents represent one for the latter. Metacognitive awareness and intentionality of daydreaming, and accepting relationship with the same, may facilitate such beneficial effects. As Otaku consumers obsessively engage in the imaginative contents, they will be adept at enjoying daydreaming of favorite contents. In Study 1, a survey of a large adult sample (n = 800), hierarchical regression analysis was employed to predict wellbeing from the three-way interaction of daydreaming × mindfulness × Otaku consumption. Significant three-way interactions emerged, predicting both life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Those high on either the non-judging facet of mindfulness or Otaku consumption showed a positive relationship between daydreaming and life satisfaction. Those low on both non-judging mindfulness and Otaku consumption showed a negative relationship between daydreaming and psychological well-being. In Study 2 (n = 104), priming of Otaku contents was employed in lieu of individual differences in Otaku consumption. Without Otaku priming, higher mindfulness revealed a positive relationship between daydreaming and life satisfaction. In addition, Otaku priming with short stimulus viewing time showed a positive relationship between daydreaming and subjective well-being (life satisfaction/positive mood). The results suggested that both contents and context of daydreaming affect well-being.This study was supported by a JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) to the first author (No. 26380929) and a JSPS Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows to the second author (No. 13J40120).The online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00123 -9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Common Factors of Meditation, Focusing, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Longitudinal Relation of Self-Report Measures to Worry, Depressive, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Among Nonclinical Students

Meditation has a long tradition with substantial implications for many psychotherapies. It has been postulated that meditation may cultivate therapeutic processes similar to various psychotherapies. A previous study used joint factor analysis to identify five common factors of items of scales purported to capture psychological states cultivated by meditation, focusing, and cognitive behavioral therapy, namely, refraining from catastrophic thinking, logical objectivity, self-observation, acceptance, and detached coping. The present study aimed to extend previous research on these five factors by examining their longitudinal relationship to symptoms of depression, obsession and compulsion, and worrying, with two correlational surveys without intervention. Potential mediators of their effect on worrying were also explored. Longitudinal questionnaire studies from two student samples (n=157 and 232, respectively) found that (a) detached coping was inversely related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms about 5 weeks later; (b) detached coping was inversely related to depressive symptoms about 5 weeks later; (c) refraining from catastrophic thinking was inversely related to worrying, while self-observation was positively related to worrying about 2 months later; and (d) the relation of refraining from catastrophic thinking to worrying was mediated by negative beliefs about worrying, while the relation of self-observation to worrying was mediated by negative beliefs about worrying and monitoring of one’s cognitive processes. As refraining from catastrophic thinking involves being detached from one’s negative thinking and detached coping involves distancing oneself from external circumstances and problems, the results suggest that distancing attitudes are useful for long-term reduction of various psychological symptoms.This research was supported by a grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and MEXT

Well-Being and Generalized Anxiety in Japanese Undergraduates: A Prospective Cohort Study

Psychological well-being is thought to protect against common mental health problems. This study investigated the buffering effects of psychological well-being on the relationships between cognitive vulnerabilities (fear of anxiety and negative beliefs about worry) and GAD symptoms among 297 Japanese undergraduates (female = 62%, age = 18.91 ± 1.61) in a two-wave prospective cohort study. Participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire for DSM-IV, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, anxiety control subscale of Affective Control Scale, negative belief about worry subscale of Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire, and Nishida’s psychological well-being scale. A moderated regression analysis tested the buffering effect of psychological well-being sub-dimensions on the relationship between cognitive vulnerabilities and generalized anxiety symptoms. Fear of anxiety (β = 0.16, p＜0.01) and negative beliefs about worry (β = 0.16, p＜0.01) at baseline predicted generalized anxiety at follow-up, after controlling for baseline symptoms, and three interaction terms significantly predicted generalized anxiety symptoms. Purpose in life and autonomy buffered the negative relationship between cognitive vulnerabilities and generalized anxiety symptoms. Contrary to the hypothesized relationship, positive relationships with others at baseline facilitated a positive relationship between fear of anxiety and generalized anxiety symptoms. Those results suggested that enhanced Purpose in life and Autonomy dimension of Psychological well-being may be useful in preventing GAD, while the enhanced positive relationship with others dimension of Psychological well-being may facilitate generalized anxiety, as a function of fear of anxiety. In a primary prevention setting, it may be useful to consider the dimensions of Psychological well-being.This study was supported by a Research Fellowships for Young Scientists (DC2) (13J01136, 16K17352) awarded to YT from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation

Mindfulness as a Moderator in the Relation Between Income and Psychological Well-Being

The relation between income and life satisfaction has been found to be weak, albeit positive (r = 0.10–0.20). This study introduced psychological well-being (PWB) as a dependent variable predicted by income in addition to life satisfaction. Furthermore, individual differences might determine the strength of this relation, that is, act as moderators. Thus, this study introduced mindfulness as one such possible moderator. Participants (N = 800, 50% women, aged 20–59 years) completed an Internet questionnaire. Of them, 734 reported income and were included in the analyses. Income had weak, yet positive, zero-order correlations with life satisfaction and PWB (r = 0.13 and 0.11). Hierarchical regression controlling for demographics indicated that the relation between income and PWB was moderated by mindfulness facets. Specifically, among those low in not judging or describing of experiences, PWB was positively related to income. On the other hand, those high in these mindfulness dimensions indicated higher PWB irrespective of income

An attempt to reproduce petrographic features of mesosiderites

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Poster presentations: [OA] Antarctic meteorites, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor), National Institute of Polar Researc

小腸排出トランスポーター・アダプター共発現細胞を用いた薬物相互作用評価系の構築

金沢大学薬学系経口投与された薬物の消化管吸収を制御する因子として、小腸刷子縁膜に発現するトランスポーターが着目されており、トランスポーター基質の相互作用が臨床的に報告されている。本研究は我々が複数のトランスポーターの発現・機能制御因子であることを見出したアダプタータンパク質PDZK1に着目し、(i)トランスポーター・アダプター共発現系を用い、生体での薬物間相互作用評価系を確立すること、(ii)その系を応用して臨床薬の薬物間相互作用解明を試みた。小腸での吸収機構が未知であった経口血小板増多剤eltrombopag(ELT)の消化管吸収機構に排出トランスポーターBCRPが関与することをin vitroおよびin vivoの両面から明らかとした(論文投稿準備中)。BCRP介したELTの経細胞輸送はBCRP単独発現細胞でもわずかに観察されたが、その輸送はPDZK1存在下で有意に高く、特異的阻害剤存在下でMock細胞レベルまで阻害された(論文投稿準備中)。Mdr1a/1b/bcrp^マウスを用い、ELTの消化管吸収にBCRPが関与することを示した。ELTは高脂血症治療薬rosuvastatin(RSV)との併用で、RSVの血中濃度が1.5倍上昇することが報告されている。RSVの消化管吸収にもBCRPが関与することから、RSV輸送に対するELTの影響を検討した。BCRPを介したRSV輸送はELT濃度依存的に阻害された。よって、BCRPを介したRSVの消化管分泌をELTが阻害することで、臨床においてこの両者を併用した際にRSVの血中濃度が上昇した可能性を示唆した(論文投稿準備中)。本申請研究は順調に進行し、その結果は国内学会、国際学会で発表するとともに、学術誌に投稿準備中であり、世界に向けて情報を発信した。研究課題/領域番号:24790150, 研究期間(年度):2012出典：研究課題「小腸排出トランスポーター・アダプター共発現細胞を用いた薬物相互作用評価系の構築」課題番号24790150（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24790150/）を加工して作

アダプタータンパク質(PDZK1,Rab8)による消化管トランスポーターの機能・発現制御と薬物動態への影響

取得学位：博士(薬学)，学位授与番号：博甲第1108号，学位授与年月日：平成21年3月23

Pdz adaptors: Their regulation of epithelial transporters and involvement in human diseases

金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系Homeostasis in the body is at least partially maintained by mechanisms that control membrane permeability, and thereby serve to control the uptake of essential substances (e.g., nutrients) and the efflux of unwanted substances (e.g., xenobiotics and metabolites) in epithelial cells. Various transporters play fundamental roles in such bidirectional transport, but little is known about how they are organized on plasma membranes. Protein-protein interactions may play a key role: several transporters in epithelial cells interact with the so-called adaptor proteins, which are membrane anchored and interact with both transporters and other membranous proteins. Although most of the evidences for transporter-adaptor interaction has been obtained in vitro, recent studies suggest that adaptor-mediated transporter regulation does occur in vivo and could be relevant to human diseases. Thus, protein-protein interaction is not only associated with the formation of macromolecular complexes but is also involved in various cellular events, and may provide transporters with additional functionality by forming transporter networks on plasma membranes. Interactions between xenobiotic transporters and PSD95/Dlg/ZO1 (PDZ) adaptors were previously reviewed by Kato and Tsuji (2006. Eur J Pharm Sci 27:487-500); the present review focuses on the latest findings about PDZ adaptors as regulators of transporter networks and their potential role in human diseases. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc