Classification Of Country Status In 2022 Based On Social Indicators With Ordinal Logistic Regression

This research examines the classification of country status in 2022 by applying ordinal logistic regression on various social indicators including education, health and economic. The urgency of the research is to know the country determine factors with specific factors in the form of research variables that can be useful for policy makers, unlike the existing classification which is only divided based on GDP per capita or HDI score only. By dividing 3 country status classes, namely not developed, developing and developed countries using the world bank classification baseline, the accuracy results were obtained at 72,5% but there were several variables that were not significant. After re-modelling, the accuracy was found increased to 76.4% with the odds ratio results for the minimum wage variable being 42,32 in the high class compared to the middle class and 11,66 for the middle class compared to the lower class, which means that the higher the minimum wage tends to be classify countries as developed countries. Another variable that has significance level is the birth rate with an odds ratio of 0,71 in the high and middle classes and 0.89 in the middle and lower classes comparison, which shows that this variable has a negative effect because the odds ratio is <1, which means that the higher the birth rate tends to make the country will be classified as a non-developed country

Pengaruh Efektivitas Dewan Komisaris, Struktur Kepemilikan, Dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Manajemen Laba (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Indonesia Periode 2016-2018)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efektivitas dewan komisaris, struktur kepemilikan dan kualitas audit terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Indonesia. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah manajemen laba, sedangkan variabel independen penelitian ini ada empat yaitu efektivitas dewan komisaris, struktur kepemilikan manajerial, struktur kepemilikan institusional dan kualitas audit. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan dari perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia yang terdapat di situs Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2016 hingga 2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan uji hipotesis. Penarikan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis data dari penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif, uji mengenai multikolinieritas, kelayakan model, dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan efektivitas dewan komisaris berpengaruh positif terhadap manajemen laba, kepemilikan manajerial dan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba, dan kualitas audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba

Electrochemical treatment of high strength chrome bathwater: A comparative study for best-operating conditions

In this study, high strength chromium (1500 ​ppm) wastewater was treated by electrochemical and chemical precipitation. Preliminary experiments using synthetic wastewater were carried out to optimize the process parameters viz. pH, current density and treatment time by systematically varying these variables as per response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The results showed that 97.5% chromium removal efficiency was achieved under optimized process conditions, i.e. pH 5, current density 68 A/m2 and treatment time 17 ​min. The electrolyte concentration beyond 4 ​g/L does not significantly improve chromium removal efficiency. The optimized process conditions from simulated solution were used to treat real chrome bathwater, but due to the highly acidic nature of the chrome bath, negligible chromium removal was obtained. Thus, two industrial wastewater management approaches were used to improve the chromium removal efficiency (i) dilution of the chrome bathwater (ii) chemical precipitation before electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation treatment of five-fold diluted chrome bathwater has 99.9% chromium removal efficiency in 55 ​min of treatment time consuming specific energy consumption (SEC) of 10.3 ​KWh/kg of chromium. By integration of chemical precipitation and electrochemical treatment, the chromium removal efficiency of 97.3% was observed in 240 ​min of treatment time with SEC of 27.3 ​kWh/kg of chromium. Integration of reduction-precipitation before electrochemical treatment is another choice, in contrast, to sample dilution with an option for retrofitting of existing treatment schemes