Fetomaternal Outcome of Pregnancy beyond 40 weeks of Gestation

The definition of prolonged pregnancy according to international guidelines is 42 completed weeks or more than that from the first date of last menstrual period. Although 42 completed weeks is used as cut off it is not an absolute threshold. Accurate estimation of gestational age and expected date of delivery is important for successful outcome of pregnancy. Because both maternal and fetal morbidity increase once pregnancy goes beyond the dates. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To analyses the optimum period of intervention in pregnancy beyond the expected date of delivery. 2. To study the fetal and maternal outcome. 3. To study the mode of delivery in pregnancy beyond dates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study done in institute of obstetrics and gynecology in Egmore MMC in 2016. It is a prospective study. Pregnant women which includes pregnancy beyond 40 weeks. Patients were recruited based on inclusion criteria. From this analysis: More number induction is seen beyond 40weeks of gestation compared to term pregnancy. As with more induction more number Caesarian rate is seen in pregnancy beyond 40weks of gestation. In this study there is increased neonatal and perinatal morbidity beyond 40 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: Postdated pregnancies should be correctly diagnosed. Properly planned and effective management required. As the perinatal morbidity is more in postdated pregnancy careful intrapartum monitoring should be done. Proper monitoring will found that hypoxic fetus at an early time

An Inventive Method to Fabric Part Structural Defect Detection Using Frame Harmonizing

Using a frame harmonizing based approach, this paper examines paper defects. In the textiles industry, the quick cutting and sewing of fabric has resulted in a lot of small mistakes, making this task extremely difficult. Especially these deformities won't be quickly recognized by specialists as well as programming. A novel frame harmonizing method is used in our system to find flaws in the fabric production process. Transformation and filtering techniques are used for the inputted fabric image frame. The conventional outline extraction method Berkeley edge detector is used to extract the edge map. Contour-based features are extracted and classified by K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classifier. The experimentation with real-time data set produced the outstanding performance results when compared with state of the art methods

IMPACT OF E-COLLECTION AMONG COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION ASPIRANTS AT SIVAGANGAI COACHING CERTERS: A STUDY

E-Resources available in different file formats and in multi-variety forms have captured the attention of the respondents n the recent years, thanks to the vast digital resources made available in centers. The study attempts to trace out the Impact of e-collection among competitive examination aspirants at sivagangai coaching centers. A sample size of 100 respondents was selected by random sampling method. The data required for the study was collected through a questionnaire. The findings of the study: 49 (58.33%) of the respondents are unemployed, among them male 29(56.86%) of the aspirants are male and female 20(60.60%) of the aspirants are female. 26 (30.95 %) of the respondents rated their coaching center as Good. 24 (28.57%) of the respondents have rated their coaching center is fair. 10.71%of the respondents rated their coaching center as poor, and 14.28% of the respondents did not express any opinion about their coaching center, and 15.47% of the respondents have reported that their coaching center as very good. 35 (41.66%) of the respondents say that they are using the electronic resources frequently, 36.90% of the respondents say that they are using the electronic resources most frequently, 17.75% of respondents are using their electronic resources rarely. 73(86.90%) of the respondents say that the internet facility within their coaching centers is available. 13.09% of the respondents say that there is no internet facility within the coaching center. It can be access through electronic system and internet platform, rendering the information through e-book, e-journals, open sources and related databases

A Comparative Study on the Optical Properties of Multilayer CdSe / CdTe Thin Film with Single Layer CdTe and CdSe Films

CdTe and CdSe single layer thin films and CdSe / CdTe multilayer (ML) thin film were prepared by using physical vapour deposition method. Optical properties of CdSe / CdTe multilayer thin film shows different behavior due to type II band structure alignment. Energy band gap value of CdSe / CdTe ML thin film is shifted to higher value than that of single layer CdTe film. This is due to decrease in crystallite size to dimension smaller than the Bohr exciton radius of CdTe (14 nm). Crystallite size of the multilayer sample was calculated with the predictions of the effective mass approximation model (i.e., Brus model). It is observed that the photoluminescence peak of CdSe / CdTe ML thin film is red shifted compared to the peaks corresponding to individual CdSe and CdTe thin films. This may be due to the presence of type II quantum dot formation in the CdSe / CdTe heterostructure multilayer thin film. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3193

Effector Caspase Dcp-1 and IAP Protein Bruce Regulate Starvation-Induced Autophagy during Drosophila Melanogaster Oogenesis

A complex relationship exists between autophagy and apoptosis, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying their interactions are largely unknown. We conducted a systematic study of Drosophila melanogaster cell death–related genes to determine their requirement in the regulation of starvation-induced autophagy. We discovered that six cell death genes—death caspase-1 (Dcp-1), hid, Bruce, Buffy, debcl, and p53—as well as Ras–Raf–mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway components had a role in autophagy regulation in D. melanogaster cultured cells. During D. melanogaster oogenesis, we found that autophagy is induced at two nutrient status checkpoints: germarium and mid-oogenesis. At these two stages, the effector caspase Dcp-1 and the inhibitor of apoptosis protein Bruce function to regulate both autophagy and starvation-induced cell death. Mutations in Atg1 and Atg7 resulted in reduced DNA fragmentation in degenerating midstage egg chambers but did not appear to affect nuclear condensation, which indicates that autophagy contributes in part to cell death in the ovary. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that coordinately regulate autophagic and apoptotic events in vivo.Canadian Institutes of Health (MOP-78882); National Institutes of Health (R01 GM60574); Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program at Boston University; National Science Foundation (0450339

Evaluation of mandibular reconstruction techniques following resection of benign and malignant tumours in oral region

AIM OF THE STUDY: There are various methods of mandibular reconstruction used by maxillofacial surgeons over the past century. This study is aimed to to retrospectively analyze the patients who underwent different mandibular reconstruction techniques at our institution and to evaluate their quality of life based on important factors such as facial appearance, swallowing, tolerance of diet, speech and activity and to analyse the postoperative complications associated with these reconstruction techniques. METHODOLOGY: The data of 18 patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction using reconstruction plate, reconstruction plate and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and reconstruction plate with microvascular free flap following resection of benign and malignant tumours were analyzed. The quality of life and postoperative complications of these patients were assessed using quality of life questionnaire and statistically analyzed. RESULT: The mean age of the study group was 49.6 years with higher quality of life scores in younger age group. The mean quality of quality of life score was 14.6. Among the various domains of the quality of life analysis, facial appearance was the most concerning domain especially in younger age group. Most of the patients had good or satisfied facial appearances among various groups. The tolerance of diet, swallowing, speech and activity were normal or near normal in most patients among various groups. Radiotherapy had statistical significance on facial appearance, swallowing, tolerance of diet and overall quality of life while type of tumour also had significance on speech and overall quality of life scores. Among postoperative complications, recipient site infection and fistula formation were influenced by radiotherapy. The study revealed that the patients had fair to good overall quality of life irrespective of method of reconstruction. The irradiated patients had a lower quality of life scores compared to non-irradiated patients while the patients who underwent reconstruction following resection due to benign tumours had better scores for various domains of quality of life though statistical analysis was not possible. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the proper planning and execution of the reconstruction technique combined with important cofactors like type of tumour and irradiation serve as key factors in determining the quality of life of patients rather than the method of reconstruction proper

An Open clinical study on Merugulli Thylam (Internal) in the treatment of Vali Azhal Keelvayu (Rheumatoid Arthritis)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the drug MERUGULLI THYLAM (Internal) in Vali azhal keelvayu. Before initiating the clinical trial, approval was got from the Institutional Ethical Committee for conducting the clinical study by submitting the well defined protocol and proforma. IEC NO: NIS/IEC/2016/11-07/14.10.2016 • Then the clinical trial was registered in CTRI(Clinical Trial Registry -India). After that the enrolment of patients was started. CTRI NO: CTRI/2018/03/012365. • The raw drugs were authenticated by the Assistant Professor, Medicinal Botany and the trial drug was prepared by the investigator in the Gunapadam lab of National Institute of Siddha as per the Standard Operating Procedure mentioned in the protocol. • Bio chemical studies were done at the bio chemistry lab of National Institute of Siddha, The standardization and TLC & HPTLC were done at the Captain Srinivasa Murthy Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute, Arumbakkam, Chennai. (as per letter of CSMRADDI) And detection of aflatoxin were done in Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Royapuram respectively. • Among the 105 cases screened at the OPD of department of Maruthuvam NIS, 40 cases were recruited for the trial as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. • Clinical diagnosis of valiazhal keelvayu was made by Siddha and Modern methodology. • Before inducement into the trial informed consent was obtained from the patients. Out of the 40 cases 39 cases were treated in OPD and 1 case in IPD. • The trial medicine selected for Internal treatment was MERUGULLI THYLAM 9 ml/dose morning only in empty stomach with the adjuvant hot water referred under Siddha literature Theraiyar Thylavarga Surukkam. • During the treatment period of 45 days the trial drug MERUGULLI THYLAM (internal) is given for 3 days followed by a re dieting (drug holiday) of 2 days. Likewise the medicine is given till the end of the course. • Diet restriction was strictly followed during the period of drug administration as well as re dieting period (Diet free of salt, coconut, horse gram etc) as per noted in the form IV (Dietary advice form). • Required lab investigations were carried out before and after the treatment and the data was recorded in the proforma. • Clinical assessment was done daily in IP patient and OP patients it was assessed once in 5 days. • During the study period, there was no event of any adverse reactions owing to the drug or disease. • In these studies out of 40 cases 81.4% of cases showed reduction in pain. There was improvement in other clinical symptoms before and after treatment revealing the effect of drug in reducing the pain and other clinical symptoms. Thus improvement of the patients in their daily life activities. • As per the Siddha Literature and modern science reviews and research articles, the ingredients of the trial drugs were found to have the property of controlling the Vatha diseases, some drugs exhibited anti inflammatory, anti analgesic activities owing to the disease manifestations. • Clinical Lab parameters there was reduction in RA factor, CRP and ASO titre [RA factor- 27 cases (67.5%) positive at commencement of the treatment 9 (33.3%) were screened negative after the treatment, CRP-25 cases (62.5%) positive at commencement of the treatment 6(24%) were screened negative after the treatment, ASO titre -10 cases positive at commencement of the treatment 2(20%) cases were screened negative after the treatment] and ESR - 49.7% reduction in ESR ½ HR and 52.44% reduction in ESR 1 HR which showed the therapeutic effect of the drug in controlling the disease to a greater extent. • Statistical analysis showed significant reduction in pain scale and a significant reduction in ESR value after treatment indicating the control over the inflammatory process of the disease. • Bio chemical analysis showed the precence if inevitable constituents like Iron,Calcium,Sulphur which played a role in repairing and preventing the joint damage in the disease. • TLC & HPTLC – HPTLC finger print of Merugulli thylam could serve as a marker and which is responsible for expression of its biological and clinical actions. • HPTLC was carried out in UV at 254 nm , UV at 366 nm to establish the finger printing profile and to show the possibly active phyto chemical constituents. • In 254 nm UV the peak corresponds to the Rf values 56.51% has maximum peak area of 4140.6 AU(area 43.84%) is a marker. • In 366 nm UV the peak corresponds to the Rf values 83.03% % has maximum peak area of 2547.0 AU(area 80%) is a marker • No Aflatoxins were detected in Merugulli thylam. CONCLUSION: Statistical analysis [Paired “t” test] revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of the trial drug Merugulli thylam by showing, reduction in pain 81.4% of cases. (Universal pain assessment scale: Ref: Clinical Manual for Nursing Practise National Institute of Health Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Centre) • As per cross tabulation (vide table no.32) 30 cases (75%) came under Grade I (Fit for all activities) & 10 cases (25%) came under Grade II (Mild restriction) after the treatment. It revealed that 100% cases showed Good improvement in functional ability. • There is a significant reduction in the elevated lab parameters [RA factor- 27 cases (67.5%) positive at commencement of the treatment 9 (33.3%) were screened negative after the treatment, CRP-25 cases (62.5%) positive at commencement of the treatment 6(24%) were screened negative after the treatment, ASO titre -10 cases positive at commencement of the treatment 2(20%) cases were screened negative after the treatment]. • The mean ± standard deviation before treatment is 32.02± 19.75 and after treatment is 16.1 ±10.91 for ESR ½ hr. The analysis revealed that there is 49.7% reduction in ESR ½ hr compared to start of the treatment. • The mean ± standard deviation before treatment is 57.97± 32.54 and after treatment is 27.57 ±19.52 for ESR 1 hr. The analysis revels that there is 52.44% reduction in ESR 1 hr compared to start of the treatment. • There were no adverse reactions complained during the trial period. • The results of the clinical trial indicates that the trail drug MERUGULLI THYLAM is clinically effective,safe and also economical. • Because of the encourage clinical outcome, the study may be further carried out with the same durg in large number of cases

A Study of Prevalence of Dermatophytes in North Chennai and a Profile of Their Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern.

INTRODUCTION : The cutaneous infections of man includes a wide variety of diseases In which the integuments and its appendages the hair and the nail are Involved. Infection is generally restricted to the non lining cornified layer But a variety of changes occur in the host because of the presence of the Infectious agent and its metabolic products. Majority of the infections are Caused by a homogenous group of keratophilic fungus called the Dermatophytes. A single species might be involved in several clinical Types each with its distinct pathology. The fungi are the commonest Infective agent of man and no group of people or geographical areas are Without taenia or ringworm infection (taenia-latin for worm). Evolutionary Development towards an accommodating host parasite relationship can be Seen among the dermatophytes which is absent among other fungal agent of Human disease. This group of disease is collectively referred to as Dermatophytosis. Dermatophytes are a group of closely related group of organisms that Can use keratin as a nitrogen source. On the basis of clinical, Morphologic and microscopic charecterteristics three genera are recognized As Dermatophytes; Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. Depending on their natural habitat dermatophytes may be Anthropophilic (people loving), Zoophilic(animal loving) and Geophilic (soil loving). Dermatophytes includes several distinct clinical varieties, depending On the anatomical site and the etiological agent involved. The pathology Induced on the host initially is an eczemiform response followed by allergy And inflammatory manifestations. The type and severity of these reactions Are related to the immune status of the host as well as to the strain and Species of the organism causing the infection. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : 1. To isolate the dermatophytes from clinical specimens like skin, nail and hair obtained from patients attending Dermatology OP. 2. To speciate the isolates of dematophytes. 3. To study the correlation of fungal isolates and the clinical manifestations. 4. To determine the commonest prevalent genus and species of dermatophytes in North Chennai. 5. To determine the antifungal susceptibility of the isolates by different methods. 6. To compare the results obtained by different methods. 7. To determine the MIC values of different drugs for the isolates. CONCLUSION : 1. 170 clincally diagnosed cases of dematophytosis were subjected to mycological study. 2. Male : Female sex ratio was 54%: 46%. 3. Maximum isolates of dermatophytes were from the age group of above20 years (70%) The post pubertal changes in harmones may be attributable to this finding. 4. Maximum number of Tinea capitis cases was found in the age group of >10 years. As universally reported Tinea capitis is a infection of children. 5. Culture positivity was 35.2%. Tinea unguium cases showed more positivity than other lesions(28%) 6. Trichophyton spp were the predominant isolates (93.9%) followed by Microsporum spp (5%) and Epidermophyton (3.3%). 7. Trichophyton rubrum was the most predominant isolate from skin(35.7%) and nail (28.5%).Adults males were found to be more susceptible to T.rubrum infection than children. 8. In Tinea corporis, Trichophyton rubrum was the most commonest isolate (46.6%). 9. In cases of Tinea cruris, Trichophton verrucosum and Epidermophyton floccosm were isolated in maximum numbers (33.3% each). 10. In Tinea capitis, Trichophyton violeceum was isolated maximally (44.4%). 11. In Tinea mannum , Trichophyon mentagrophytes was the main isolate (50%). 12. In Tinea pedis , Trichophyton tonsurans was the maximum isolated species(66.6%). 13. In Tinea barbae , 50% of isolates were Trichophyton mentagrophytes and 50% were Trichophyton verrucosum. 14. In tinea unguium , Trichophyton rubrum was the main isolate (28.5%) followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (23.8%) and Trichophyton verrucosum (19%). 15. Fluconazole showed a higher MIC value when compared to other drugs by both methods. 16. Terbinifine was found to be the most effective antifungal drug as evaluated by the agar dilution method and microbroth dilution method. 17. A marked reduction in the MIC range was noted when antifungal susceptibility testing was done by microbroth dilution method. 18. Terbinifine was the most effective of all the drugs tested. In recent years several studies on In vitro susceptibility of dermatophytes to anti fungal drugs have been done and the results have shown considerable variation. This variability is probably due to important methodological differences among the laboratories. Our study demonstrated that several antifungal agents are very active against dermatophytes, although these results are species dependent. This can allow clinician to adopt different therapeutic options with high probability to successful results

Detection of chitinase activity and its characterization from Pseudomonas fluorescens of tea rhizosphere

Please see the pdf file here: http://indsocplantationcrops.in/journal.ph

Dissipation kinetics, decontamination and dietary risk assessment of imidacloprid residue in bitter gourd and soil

Imidacloprid is a broad-spectrum neonicotinoid class insecticide with systemic action, widely used on vegetables in India for the management of sucking insect pests. The overall pesticide usage profile in gourds growing districts of Tamil Nadu showed that imidacloprid as the most commonly used insecticide. The present study aimed to develop and validate an analytical approach for detecting imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid residues in bitter gourd fruit, juice and soil using LC-EI-MS (liquid chromatography coupled with electron ionization mass spectrometry) was undertaken. The persistence pattern, effect of household processing and risk assessment of imidacloprid on bitter gourd was studied by conducting field trials at single and double doses of 20 and 40 g a.i ha-1. Calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r2>0.99) with the concentrations (0.0025–0.5 µg mL-1) of imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid. The limit of detection and quantification of the method were 0.008 and 0.025 mg kg-1, respectively. Accuracy of imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid residue recovery was in the range of 88–101 per cent with RSD of less than six per cent in all the matrices of bitter gourd. Initial deposits of imidacloprid at 20 and 40 g a.i ha-1 were 0.68 and 1.25 mg kg-1 and the residues persisted up to 10 and 15 days with their respective half-lives of 2.51 and 3.13 days. Simple decontamination techniques showed 33 to 80 per cent reduction of residues in samples collected up to 10 days after treatment. The estimated RQ was less than one indicating the level of risk to the consumer is negligible