Spectroscopic study of &#946;-Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> under pressure

Infrared absorption and Raman study of &#946;-Ni(OH)2 has been carried out up to 25 GPa and 33 GPa, respectively. The frequency of A2u internal antisymmetric stretching O-H mode decreases linearly with pressure at a rate of &#8722;0.7 cm&#8722;1/GPa. The FWHM of this mode increases continuously with pressure and reaches a value of ~ 20 cm&#8722;1 around 25 GPa. There was no discernible change observed in the frequency and width of the symmetric stretching A1g O-H Raman mode up to 33 GPa. The constancy of the Raman mode is taken as a signature of the repulsion produced by H-H contacts in this material under pressure. Lack of any discontinuity in these modes suggests that there is no phase transition in this material in the measured pressure range

Prioritising the most needed paediatric antiretroviral formulations: the PADO4 list

Despite considerable progress in paediatric HIV treatment and timely revision of global policies recommending the use of more effective and tolerable antiretroviral regimens, optimal antiretroviral formulations for infants, children, and adolescents remain limited. The Paediatric Antiretroviral Drug Optimization group reviews medium-term and long-term priorities for antiretroviral drug development to guide industry and other stakeholders on formulations most needed for low-income and middle-income countries. The group convened in December, 2018, to assess progress since the previous meeting and update the list of priority formulations. Issues relating to drug optimisation for neonatal prophylaxis and paediatric treatment, and those relating to the investigation of novel antiretrovirals in adolescents and pregnant and lactating women were also discussed. Continued focus on identifying, prioritising, and providing access to optimal antiretroviral formulations suitable for infants, children, and adolescents is key to ensuring that global HIV treatment targets can be met

Spectroscopic studies of hydrogen related defects in CVD diamond

Thin diamond films prepared by the hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) method at various deposition pressures have been characterized using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Interpretation of the spectral details have provided useful information about the nature of the films. Deposition pressure appears to affect the quality of the diamond films which is reflected in terms of the position and width of the characteristic Raman peak of diamond. Raman spectra of the films prepared at low deposition pressures showed the presence of a sharp peak at similar to 1332 cm(-1) characteristic of the T-2g mode of diamond. The study of the effect of deposition pressure on the diamond growth, shows that in the range between 20 torr and 60 torr, there is little effect on the width and the shift of the 1332 cm(-1) Raman peak. However, at higher pressures the peak showed a blue shift and was considerably broadened. These studies indicate the development of strain in the lattice due to the introduction of unetched hydride layer, at higher deposition pressures, as well as distortions in the lattice leading to partial lifting of the degeneracy of the T-2g mode. A broad band corresponding to the non-diamond phase (which exists at the grain boundaries, interface or as inclusions inside the grain), which can be attributed to the effect of hydrogen impurity creeping into the lattice at higher deposition pressures is also observed. SEM and XRD patterns have confirmed the dominance of diamond phase in these films

Study - Dermatoses among paddy field workers – A descriptive, cross-sectional pilot study

BACKGROUND: Paddy farming is one of the main occupations in coastal South India. Dermatological problems in paddy field workers have not received much attention. AIM : The purpose of this study was to study the dermatoses of the exposed parts of the body, viz. face, hands, and feet, in paddy field workers. METHODS: Three hundred and forty-one workers were questioned and clinical findings noted. Scrapings for bacterial and fungal examination were taken by random selection. RESULTS: Seventy-three per cent had work-related itching. Melasma was the commonest facial lesion (41.1%). The main problems on the hands were hyperkeratosis (26.4%), nail dystrophy (15.2%) and paronychia (8.8%). Common feet dermatoses included nail dystrophy (57.1%), pitted keratolysis (42.5%) and fissuring (23.5%). Common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from pitted keratolysis and intertrigo were Klebsiella and Clostridium species. Aspergillus species were the commonest fungus grown from intertrigo. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational dermatoses are common in paddy field workers

<span style="font-size: 22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Laser Raman spectroscopic studies of order-disorder phase transitions in Na_{<span style="font-size:17.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">3</span>}<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">BaCl_{<span style="font-size:17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">5</span>}<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">.2H₂O crystals </span></span></span>

650-653<span style="font-size: 15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Laser Raman spectroscopic studies have been undenaken for Na<span style="font-size:17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:="" bold"="">3<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"="">BaCl5<span style="font-size:22.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:="" bold"="">.2H2O<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""=""> single crystals to study the structural phase transitions taking place in them through spectra- structure correlation. The spectral changes that take place in the low temperature phase below 267 K in this crystal in terms of intensity and bandwidth or the streching and librational modes show that these are indications or diffuse phase transitions associated with an order-disorder mechanism which involves the rotation or water molecules, freezing  below 267 K. No evidence of soft modes has been found for the crystal in the temperature region of<span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:6.5pt; font-family:" arial","sans-serif""=""> t<span style="font-size:15.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">he presence studies. </span

Crystalline perfection, spectroscopic investigations and transport properties of trisglycine zinc chloride NLO single crystal

Bulk single crystals of trisglycine zinc chloride have been grown from aqueous solution by slow cooling technique. Single crystal and powder XRD analyses confirmed orthorhombic crystal structure with non-centrosymmetric space group Pbn2(1). High resolution X-ray diffraction results have established that the quality of the grown crystal is quite good for device fabrication. The crystal was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectral analyses. Optical absorption studies show that the material has very low absorption in the wavelength range 240-2000 nm. The analysis of absorption coefficient in the absorption region reveals a direct band gap of 4.21 eV. The crystal possesses remarkable thermal stability up to 229 degrees C. Photoconductivity studies of the grown crystal revealed the positive photoconducting nature. The grown crystal exhibited considerable hardness anisotropy with Vicker's hardness tester. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss were calculated by varying frequencies at different temperatures

Exploring the Remarkable Chemotherapeutic Potential of Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Battling Various Forms of Cancer

Plant-derived compounds, specifically antioxidants, have played an important role in scavenging the free radicals present under diseased conditions. The persistent generation of free radicals in the body leads to inflammation and can result in even more severe diseases such as cancer. Notably, the antioxidant potential of various plant-derived compounds prevents and deregulates the formation of radicals by initiating their decomposition. There is a vast literature demonstrating antioxidant compounds’ anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer potential. This review describes the molecular mechanism of various flavonoids, such as quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, against different cancers. Additionally, the pharmaceutical application of these flavonoids against different cancers using nanotechnologies such as polymeric, lipid-based nanoparticles (solid–lipid and liquid–lipid), liposomes, and metallic nanocarriers is addressed. Finally, combination therapies in which these flavonoids are employed along with other anti-cancer agents are described, indicating the effective therapies for the management of various malignancies