Analisa Kadar Protein Jamur Alam yang Dominan Dikonsumsi Masyarakat Lokal di Kabupaten Lanny Jaya

Wild edible mushroom is one of the Indonesian biodiversity richness. However, only a few of them had been utilized by human. Lanny Jaya is regency that located in the highland of Papua in which the community depend much on the natural resources to fulfill their basic needs of life. This study has aim to collect and analyze protein content of wild edible mushroom which was commonly consumed by local communities at Lanny Jaya. Collected samples were described based on habitat and morphological characters such as the shape, size and color of the mushroom, then protein were analyzed by Kjeldahl method. The result showed that there was 4 (four) species of wild edible mushroom that commonly consume in Lanny Jaya, namely: Obon, Punawi, Nambu and Enggambi. The highest protein content was Obon (35,03%), followed by Punawi (31,81%), and Nambu (28%), while the last was Enggambi (18,91%). Those wild edible mushroom can be used as an alternative protein source for the local people especially in remote areas. Key words: protein, fungi, edible, local people, Lanny Jaya.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KAMPUNG ANGGREK DI AREA WISATA BIRDWATCHING ISYO HILLS RHEPANG MUAIF, NIMBOKRANG, JAYAPURA

Orchid is a large group of flowering plants because of the beauty colourful flowers. This plant has high biodiversity in Papua, including in Jayapura Regency. The uniqueness of this plant attracts the attention of many researchers, collectors, and hobiis of this ornamental plants throughout the world. The purpose of this activity is to develop a strategy for introducing orchids species of Isyo Hills Birdwatching Ecotourism in Rhepang Muaif to the visitors. The activities were done by forum discussion group, practises on growing and caring orchids and build a screen house to display the collections. The result of the program showed that the community was very enthusiastic in following and understanding the importance of potential local orchids. Natural orchids in the Muaif Rhepang forest are quite high and are available throughout the year. The existence of a screen house is expected to be able to increase the orchids collection from the forest surrounding.Keywords: orchids species screen houses: collections; Nimbokrang; Jayapura 

Peningkatan Kompetensi Komunitas Orang Muda Katolik (OMK) di Kelurahan Vim Jayapura dalam Budidaya Jamur Tiram Putih

Orang Muda Katolik (OMK) is a community of youth Catholic people Paroki Church Kotaraja, Jayapura that focus on empowering young people in leadership, creativity and social work. This program was conducted to introduce simple method on the oyster mushroom cultivation to the member of OMK community. We use Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Participatory Planning in this program. The results showed that participants were very interested in oyster mushroom and enthusiastic in discussion, and willing to learn more about the mushroom cultivation. At the end of the program, they were able to harvest oyster mushroom. These community development program was successfully done with the support by communities.Keywords: OMK; oyster mushroom; cultivatio

Keragaman Burung Pemakan Buah (Avian Frugivora) di Hutan Dataran Rendah Jayapura, Papua

Frugivorous birds or avian frugivores play important role in seed dispersal cycle and forest regeneration in forest ecosystem of Papua. Despite the high diversity of avian frugivores dwelling in Papuan rainforest, and the fact that this region faces  alarming rate of forest disturbance, little is known of their current presence in the lowland forest habitat. We surveyed the variety of frugivorous birds in three different habitats of lowland forest in Cyclop Mountains Nature Reserve and Nimbokrang District. The methods used were line and point transects and identification was done during the survey. A total of 36 frugivorous birds from eight families was found in both sites.  There were 33 species of 8 families in Nimbokrang forest and 16 species of 7 families were encountered in the Nature Reserve. The primary forest has high diversity of frugivorous birds compared to that in secondary forest and forest garden. It was found that several species of Family Columbidae such as Macropygia amboinensis, Ducula pinon dan Reindwaedtoena reinwardtii  moved and foraged along the forest edge and also visited degraded areas that still provided vegetation trees and perches. These findings might have importance for forest management and reforestation programmes in Papuan lowland forest.Key words: Frugivorous birds, diversity, lowland forest, Mountain Cyclops Nature Reserve, Nimbokrang

Anggrek Dataran Tinggi Habema di Distrik Nanggo Trikora, Jayawijaya, Papua

New Guinea island is known as a home of tremendous collection of orchids. It is certainly in excess of 2500 species,  which is 10-13% of the world’s orchids. Some of those species are well described, but some remained unclear. Therefore many more await to be discovered. The aim of this research is to invent orchid’s species in Habema areas, Wamena. Explorative methods were used in this study. The results showed that there were 19 species consist of Dendrobium 11 species, Agrostophyllum 2 species, Glomera 2 species, Liparis 1 species and Bulbophyllum 1 species. Two species remained unidentified. Among them only five species are terrestrial, and eleven are epiphytes. The altitude is 2900-3700 m above sea levels; the rain fall is 1900 mm/year, humidity 86-95 %, with temperature of 14,5–24 oC.Key words: Orchids, exploration, highland, Habem

Peranan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) dan Serasah Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) pada Tanah Podzolik Merah Kuning

The aim of study was to know the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF), Glomus mosseae on the growth of onion Allium cepa L. on red-yellow podzolic soils. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with 10 replicates was used in this experiment. The first factor was mycorrhizae, with two level: without inoculation as a control (M0); 10 gram inoculation = M1). The second factorwas leaf litter of gamal Gliricidia sepium L. species   wich were no litter as S0; 5 gram litter = S1; S2 was 10 gram of litter; and 20 grams of loitter in one kilogram of soil separately. Parameters used in this study were the growth of onion that has infected root in percent, and Relative Growth Rate (RGR). ANOVA was used to analyze the data, and followed with DMRT at 95% level test. The result showed that mycorrhizal inoculation increased root and shoot fresh weight, the dry weight of shoot; and the percentage of root infection on the onion. While the leaf litter of gamal increased only in leaf area. In contrast mycorrhizal inoculation and gamal leaf litter and their combination had no effect on other growth parameters. Key words: AMF, Glomus mosseae, Gliricidia sepium, Allium cepa

Peningkatan Kompetensi Masyarakat di Kampung Yoboi Kabupaten Jayapura dalam Budidaya Jamur dan Pengolahan Makanan Berbahan Jamur

Kampung Yoboi yang terletak di tepi Danau Sentani,memiliki hutan sagu yang berperan penting  baik secara ekologi, etnobotani dan ekonomi. Masyarakat memanfaatkan tepung sagu dan jamur sagu yang tumbuh secara alami pada ampas sagu sebagai makanannya. Namun masyarakat belum mengetahui nilai gizi jamur sagu tersebut dan cara memanfaatkan limbah ampas sagu sebagai media budidaya jamur. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kandungan gizi jamur sagu, cara budidaya jamur dan membuat berbagai makanan berbahan dasar jamur. Metode yang digunakan adalah Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan Participatory Planning. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa para peserta sangat antusias dalam diskusi tentang kandungan gizi jamur dan juga sangat aktif mengikuti praktek budidaya jamur serta memasak makanan berbahan dasar jamur.Kegiatan ini telah sukses dilaksanakan berkat partisipasi aktif dari seluruh masyarakat

New Record of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Association with Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch.) in the Grassland Area of Kebar, Tambrauw Regency, West Papua, Indonesia

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important form of symbiosis between fungi and plants in an ecosystem. One of the medicinal plants used by the people in West Papua is kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch.). This study aims to determine the AMF association in the rhizosphere of B. petersianum in grasslands. Survey method was used in this study. The presence of AMF was observed by examining root colonization and spore diversity. The results showed that the percentage of AMF colonization in roots was between 46.7–90.0% with an average of 71.66%. Meanwhile, the number of spores found in the plant rhizosphere averaged 119.8 spores per 10 grams of soil sample. There were 18 species of AMF dominated by the genus Glomus (7 species), Acaulospora (3 species), while the genus Claroideoglomus, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, and Scutellospora were dominated each with 2 species. This finding is the first record on the presence of AMF on B. petersianum in West Papua

Perkembangan Penelitian Mikoriza di Papua**

The mycorrhizas are ‘balanced’ mutualistic associations in which the fungus and plant exchange commodities required for their growth and survival. The are many type of mycorrhizal namely endomycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, Orchid-mycorrhiza, ericoid mycorrhiza, and ectendo mycorrhiza. Most research is in endo and ectomycorrhiza, due to their role in Papua. Research in mycorrhiza has also been done recently. The research started in 2005 with ectomycorrhiza studies conducted by Suharno & Sufaati. Study on endomycorrhiza were begin in 2006 and orchid mycorrhiza in 2007. Exploration study of endomycorrhiza in corn plant at Koya Barat showed that there were 7 species of VAM namely Glomus sp1., Glomus sp2., Glomus sp3., Gigaspora sp., Acaulospora., Scutellospora sp1., and Scutellospora sp2. Similar research have also been done on other agriculture comodity, and the weed as well. Study on the endomycorrhiza associated with matoa (Pometia pinnata) found 13 species. Furtheremore, preliminary research on ectomycorrhiza showed that at least four species have been found at Mount Cycloops Nature Reserve, Jayapura. In Papua, there were 18 strain isolate of  Scleroderma have been collected and 4 species were already identified. For orchid-mycorrhiza there were only 17 species has been found so far. Among them there species were identified: Rhizoctonia sp., Tulasnella sp., dan Ceratorhiza sp. The potency of mycorrhiza in Papua is high and need to be explored. Some isolate were already tested to variety of the growth of plant. The result showed that the isolate affected significantly. More exploration, compatibility test, and the role of mycorrhiza will be continued to study. The goals of all the study here was to find a good quality of isolate that can be used as a propagule to produce biofertilizer.Key words: endomycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, orchid-mycorrhiza, biofertilizer, Papua.

Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru MGMP Biologi-SMA Kota Jayapura Melalui Pelatihan Aplikasi Taksonomi Numerik

Biology practicum activities in high school generally follow the cookbook method. The method contains a practicum manual that contains complete information on the sequence of practicum procedures that must be carried out by students. In addition, this method may cause student boredom and is also less challenging, less inspiring, and motivational to develop investigative skills. Therefore, a Biology teacher is required to innovate in developing inspiring teaching methods. To support these Biology teachers, they need to be equipped with knowledge and skills through courses or training with the material in the curriculum so that they can master the concepts of knowledge that are more up to date. This training activity aims to guide high school Biology MGMP teachers in designing and making learning innovations in Biodiversity material and to train them in applying numerical taxonomy concepts to Biodiversity material in the classroom. The method of activity used is direct observation and practice in the field by utilizing samples of fungi, plants, or animals in the surrounding environment. The teachers made and observed several herbarium specimens to obtain the morphological characters of these specimens. Furthermore, they have applied the concept of numerical taxonomy manually or by using the NTSYS-Program software. The final result of this activity has been composed of two modules and one numerical taxonomy practicum guide that can be used by Biology teachers and students.Keyword: Biology; numerical; taxonomy; training; teachers.