Identification of Reservoir Thickness and Estimation of Hydrocarbon Reservation Used the Pre-Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) in Cikung Area

Information from the geological data shows that the Cikung field has the complex structure which is characterized by carbonate reef. Therefore, it is required in the domain depth migration (PSDM) using interval velocity model is sensitive to variations in vertical and horizontal velocity to identify the thickness of the reservoir and estimation of hydrocarbon reserves. Stages include making the depth structure maps, map making the thickness of the reservoir, and the calculation of hydrocarbon reserves. The results showed that the thickness of the reservoir in Cikung Field, estimated to range from 71 meters to 175 meters with the prospect reservoir is at a depth of 1216 meters to 1247 meters from the surface. Hydrocarbon deposits (oil) is estimated at 1,134 × 106 or 1,311 × 108 kilo litre by the porosity of 22.6% and 70.7% water saturation

Socio-cultural influences on the behaviour of South Asian women with diabetes in pregnancy: qualitative study using a multi-level theoretical approach

BACKGROUND: Diabetes in pregnancy is common in South Asians, especially those from low-income backgrounds, and leads to short-term morbidity and longer-term metabolic programming in mother and offspring. We sought to understand the multiple influences on behaviour (hence risks to metabolic health) of South Asian mothers and their unborn child, theorise how these influences interact and build over time, and inform the design of culturally congruent, multi-level interventions. METHODS: Our sample for this qualitative study was 45 women of Bangladeshi, Indian, Sri Lankan, or Pakistani origin aged 21-45 years with a history of diabetes in pregnancy, recruited from diabetes and antenatal services in two deprived London boroughs. Overall, 17 women shared their experiences of diabetes, pregnancy, and health services in group discussions and 28 women gave individual narrative interviews, facilitated by multilingual researchers, audiotaped, translated, and transcribed. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method, drawing on sociological and narrative theories. RESULTS: Key storylines (over-arching narratives) recurred across all ethnic groups studied. Short-term storylines depicted the experience of diabetic pregnancy as stressful, difficult to control, and associated with negative symptoms, especially tiredness. Taking exercise and restricting diet often worsened these symptoms and conflicted with advice from relatives and peers. Many women believed that exercise in pregnancy would damage the fetus and drain the mother's strength, and that eating would be strength-giving for mother and fetus. These short-term storylines were nested within medium-term storylines about family life, especially the cultural, practical, and material constraints of the traditional South Asian wife and mother role and past experiences of illness and healthcare, and within longer-term storylines about genetic, cultural, and material heritage - including migration, acculturation, and family memories of food insecurity. While peer advice was familiar, meaningful, and morally resonant, health education advice from clinicians was usually unfamiliar and devoid of cultural meaning. CONCLUSIONS: 'Behaviour change' interventions aimed at preventing and managing diabetes in South Asian women before and during pregnancy are likely to be ineffective if delivered in a socio-cultural vacuum. Individual education should be supplemented with community-level interventions to address the socio-material constraints and cultural frames within which behavioural 'choices' are made

Critical Currents, Magnetization and Microwave Absorption of (Tl 0.5

The bulk ($Tl_{0.5}Pb_{0.5})Sr_2(Ca_{1 - x}Gd_{x})Cu_2O_{z}$ superconductors with x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 have unique and very interesting magnetic and electrical properties. In this paper we focused our attention on the superconductor with gadolinium content x = 0.2. We measured the magnetic field dependences of the transport critical currents, the microwave absorption as well as the magnetization for different temperatures. The critical temperature of this sample is $T_c$ = 105.3 ± 0.2 K and the transition width Δ T_{90% - 10%} = 3.6 ± 0.2 K. The critical current of this superconductor is $J_c$ = 1 820 ± 10 A/$cm^2$ at 77 K. The data were analyzed within the frame of the Bean and Kim models as well as the percolation model

Kim-Type Critical State Models and Critical Currents of Thallium Based Superconductors

The two extended formulae in the power form of the Kim critical state model were used to fit the critical currents versus the dc applied magnetic field. Two samples of thallium based superconductors: the $(Tl_{0.6}Pb_{0.24}Bi_{0.16})$$(Sr_{0.9}Ba_{0.1})_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y$ film on single-crystalline lanthanum aluminate and the bulk $(Tl_{0.5}Pb_{0.5})Sr_2(Ca_{1.8}Gd_{0.2})Cu_2O_y$ were chosen to test the models. The formulae were compared to the percolation model described by the exponential expression. The first model fits the experimental data better for the thallium based film whereas the second approach is better for the thallium based bulk sample

Critical Currents, Magnetization and Microwave Absorption of (Tl0.5Pb0.5)Sr2(Ca0.8Gd0.2)Cu2Oz(Tl_{0.5}Pb_{0.5})Sr_2(Ca_{0.8}Gd_{0.2})Cu_2O_{z} Superconductor

The bulk ($Tl_{0.5}Pb_{0.5})Sr_2(Ca_{1 - x}Gd_{x})Cu_2O_{z}$ superconductors with x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 have unique and very interesting magnetic and electrical properties. In this paper we focused our attention on the superconductor with gadolinium content x = 0.2. We measured the magnetic field dependences of the transport critical currents, the microwave absorption as well as the magnetization for different temperatures. The critical temperature of this sample is $T_c$ = 105.3 ± 0.2 K and the transition width Δ T_{90% - 10%} = 3.6 ± 0.2 K. The critical current of this superconductor is $J_c$ = 1 820 ± 10 A/$cm^2$ at 77 K. The data were analyzed within the frame of the Bean and Kim models as well as the percolation model

Using Side-Scan Sonar Instrument to Characterize and Map of Seabed Identification Target in Punggur Sea of the Riau Islands, Indonesia.

Punggur sea has many habitats, object, and structured of seabed with hight tide and wave. Side scan sonar is an underwater acoustic instrument for identification of seabed. This research aims to classify types of seabed and measure seabed identification into the sea water with grain size (dB), location, altitude (m) and target using side scan sonar instrument. This research also uses one types of side scan sonar in one places with 3 line of collecting data to get more variant seabed. Side scan sonar data of 20 km of side-scan sonar profiling (CM2, C-MAX Ltd, UK) with altitude max 20 m and a working acoustic frequency of 325 kHz with the zone is taken in the punggur sea (104°08.7102 E, 1°03.2448 N until 1°03.3977N 104°08.8133 E). The data side scan sonar processed using max view software to display the image of the seabed. Results of seabed imagery in the punggur sea on track 1 have Objects found on the ship coordinates 03.3101N 1 ° and 104 ° 08.7362 E with the highest gain value is 6 dB, altitude 18 m on ping 75. Linear regression has y = 0.7016x+12.952 with R2 = 0.4125 (41%). Track 2 has target 1 is the sunken object on the seabed, while objects in the form of sand can be seen clearly. Objects found on the sunken object coordinates 1°02.8143 N ° and 104°08.5228 E with highest gain value is 9 dB with altitude 17.7 m and data ping 69. Linear regression has y = 0.2093+12.577 with R2 = 0.2093 (20%). Track 3 has Target 1 is the ship object on the seabed, while objects in the form of sand can be seen clearly. Objects found on the sunken object coordinates 1°02.5817 N and 104°08.7337 E with the highest gain value is 8 dB with altitude 16.5 m and data ping 3984. Linear regression has y = 0.5106x +12.84 with R2 = 0.5106 (51%). Track 1 has many targets identification results compared Track 2 and 3