Duality between imperfect resources and measurements for propagating entanglement in networks

We propose a measurement-based entanglement propagation strategy for networks in which all nodes except two are initially occupied by a suitably chosen single-qubit system and the two nodes share a bipartite noisy entangled state. The connections between the sites are established using unsharp two-qubit measurements. When only a single node performs measurements, we refer to it as a unidirectional protocol while when both parts of the initial entangled states perform measurements, we call it a bidirectional scheme. When the measurement outcome is post-selected, we demonstrate that in the presence of a local amplitude damping channel acting on a single site, entanglement shareability, as measured by the monogamy score, of the resulting state after measurement can be higher for all values of the strength of the noise than that of the scenario without noise. We observe that irrespective of the channel, there exists a range of unsharpness parameter where a higher monogamy score may be obtained starting from the initial nonmaximally entangled states than from the initial maximally entangled state. We report that the effect of noise on the average monogamy score entered from the resource state may be reduced faster with the unidirectional protocol than with the bidirectional one.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

Sequential Reattempt of Telecloning

The task of a telecloning protocol is to send an arbitrary qubit possessed by a sender to multiple receivers. Instead of performing Bell measurement at the sender's node, if one applies unsharp measurement, we show that the shared state can be recycled for further telecloning protocol. Specifically, in case of a single sender and two receivers, the maximal attempting number, which is defined as the maximum number of rounds used by the channel to obtain quantum advantage in the fidelity, turns out to be three both for optimal and nonoptimal shared states for telecloning while the maximal number reduces to two in case of three receivers. Although the original telecloning with quantum advantage being possible for arbitrary numbers of receivers, we report that the recycling of resources is not possible in telecloning involving a single sender and more than three receivers, thereby demonstrating a no-go theorem. We also connect the maximal achievable fidelities in each round with the bipartite entanglement content of the reduced state between the sender and one of the receivers as well as with the monogamy score of entanglement.Comment: v1: 12 pages, 5 figures; v2: 13 pages, 5 figures; close to the publish versio

Microencapsulation of Paraffin Wax Microspheres with Silver

Microencapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) with metallic shell materials is a very innovative and challenging task. This can mitigate the problems related to thermal barrier for conventional nonconductive shell materials as well as enhance mechanical properties of PCM microcapsules. Such microcapsules can be integrated into microelectronic devices for their intermittent thermal management in mission critical components. The present work is aimed at developing a new method to synthesise phase change material encapsulated with metallic shell material and characterising the same. Paraffin wax microspheres were first synthesised and then encapsulated with silver through in situ chemical reduction. Further more, a new set of experiments were identified to analyse the quality of encapsulation. The thermal properties were investigated under differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyser. The average diameter of paraffin wax microspheres (PW) is found to be ±329 μm. It reveals from DSC analysis that the enthalpy of fusion is minimum for PW@Ag-PVA amongst all others. Accordingly, higher deposition of Ag is possible for PW@Ag-PVA. This is also supported by TGA results where PW@Ag-PVA has only 40 per cent mass loss and the remaining samples have 100 per cent. However, even for PW@Ag-PVA the encapsulation is found incomplete. The present work provides knowhow of the difficulties associated with encapsulation of PCMs with metallic shell material

The Concept of the Cryptocurrency and the Downfall of the Banking Sector in Reflecting on the Financial Market

This paper aims to explain the concept of Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Litecoin and others, discuss their advantages and their disadvantages, and how is reflecting on the financial market and on the other currencies that are adopted in each country, like us dollar and the euro and the pound and so on (fiat currencies). This paper will discuss the major change that would occur if or when cryptocurrencies get adopted worldwide when the cryptocurrency becomes the who will benefit from this change and who will cease to exist, and what would this change mean to the banking sector, and where is it going to leave this sector. Could it destroy it or be a partner with it? It all depends on how this sector will handle this change when it happens because it will happen sooner or later

References for Shopping Online Versus in Stores What Do Customers Prefer and How Do Offline Retailers Cope with It?

The purpose of this study is to cover the importance of online shopping in todays competitive markets. How offline retailers will be able to survive. And how to sustain a good relationship between customers in providing them with the finest products or services, attractive and transparent prices, deals. In a world where online retailing and modern in-store Shopping coexist and support each other through various shopping behaviors, very little is accepted regarding the possibility of an evolving reality where shopping online or offline blends into a common trend. However, the shoppers have turned upside down due to the emergence of the Internet. Moreover, a new trend has emerged in the past years, �Online shopping.� The following offers a huge abundance of possibilities for buying products, news, book tickets, clothes, furniture, toys. Lebanese people are being used to this trend; however, they still visit stores to purchase, especially grocery stores and pharmacies. This study will also be directed to figure out its effect on retail shops that operate offline. In this study, a quantitative method will be adopted. Moreover, the research will develop analysis and understanding of the theoretical framework and models related to online Shopping and in-store Shopping, and the effect of online Shopping on offline retail shops. Adding customer satisfaction through service quality provided, whether online or in-store, maintains customer loyalty and satisfaction, which will help stores survive in the markets and sustain competitive advantage

YSK2 Type Dehydrin (SbDhn1) from Sorghum bicolor Showed Improved Protection under High Temperature and Osmotic Stress Condition

YSK2 type dehydrin from Sorghum bicolor (SbDhn1) showed a high level of transcript accumulation when subjected to high temperature and osmotic stress. The high transcript level occurring in such stress situation might lead to a protective effect; though the exact mechanism by which this is achieved remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, our results provide compelling evidence to prove that transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing SbDhn1 gene showed improve stress tolerance as assessed by reduced membrane damage and low MDA content. Furthermore, we demonstrate here SbDhn1 expressing lines were only able to recover after stress treatment. In this study, we have provided direct evidence for the protection rendered by SbDHN1 protein to a temperature-sensitive enzyme under both high temperature and osmotic stress. We extended this analysis to the whole plant proteome where the addition of SbDHN1 protein helped in retaining the solubility of the protein was demonstrated. Interestingly, in vitro experiments carried out with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), showed aggregate formation upon subjecting it to high temperature. However, in presence of SbDHN1 protein very few aggregates were observed. Aggregation assay showed a high level of aggregates in wild-type or empty vector transformed plants as compared to SbDhn1 transgenic lines. Confocal microscopy images in leaf peel sections of wild-type plants showed high amounts of aggregates as compared with transgenic lines. This study provides evidence for the protection rendered by SbDHN1 protein under high temperature by inhibiting the aggregate formation and provide the rational for the mechanism how these proteins ameliorate the adverse stress conditions

Multi-Response Optimization of Granaticinic Acid Production by Endophytic Streptomyces thermoviolaceus NT1, Using Response Surface Methodology

Streptomyces thermoviolaceus NT1, an endophytic isolate, was studied for optimization of granaticinic acid production. It is an antimicrobial metabolite active against even drug resistant bacteria. Different media, optimum glucose concentration, initial media pH, incubation temperature, incubation period, and inoculum size were among the selected parameters optimized in the one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) approach, where glucose concentration, pH, and temperature were found to play a critical role in antibiotic production by this strain. Finally, the Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD) was employed with three key factors (selected after OVAT studies) for response surface methodological (RSM) analysis of this optimization study.RSM analysis revealed a multifactorial combination; glucose 0.38%, pH 7.02, and temperature 36.53 °C as the optimum conditions for maximum antimicrobial yield. Experimental verification of model analysis led to 3.30-fold (61.35 mg/L as compared to 18.64 mg/L produced in un-optimized condition) enhanced granaticinic acid production in ISP2 medium with 5% inoculum and a suitable incubation period of 10 days. So, the conjugated optimization study for maximum antibiotic production from Streptomyces thermoviolaceus NT1 was found to result in significantly higher yield, which might be exploited in industrial applications