Antidiabetic effect of various fractions of Habenaria plantaginea root in streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of methanolic extract of Habenaria plantaginea and its various fractions in different animal models. The effect of repeated oral administration of methanolic extract along with its n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions on serum lipid profile and plasma enzyme levels in diabetic rats was also examined. The effect was found to be pronounced in n-butanol fraction. In oral glucose tolerance test, reduction of fasting blood glucose levels took place from 60 min on administration of methanolic extract and its various fractions. The n-butanol fraction has almost similar effect as that of standard drug Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg b. w). After 15 days of treatment, n-butanol fraction showed maximum reduction of blood glucose levels (64.28 %).  Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were found to be decreased by 38.98, 28.06, 56.26 and 37.77% respectively in diabetic rats whereas, cardioprotective, high density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased by 31.65%. The n-butanol fraction also restored the altered plasma enzyme such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels to near normal. These results clearly indicate that n-butanol fraction of methanolic extract of Habenaria plantaginea possess high antidiabetic potential along with significant hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects

Antidiabetic effect of various fractions of Habenaria plantaginea root in streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of methanolic extract of Habenaria plantaginea and its various fractions in different animal models. The effect of repeated oral administration of methanolic extract along with its n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions on serum lipid profile and plasma enzyme levels in diabetic rats was also examined. The effect was found to be pronounced in n-butanol fraction. In oral glucose tolerance test, reduction of fasting blood glucose levels took place from 60 min on administration of methanolic extract and its various fractions. The n-butanol fraction has almost similar effect as that of standard drug Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg b. w). After 15 days of treatment, n-butanol fraction showed maximum reduction of blood glucose levels (64.28 %).  Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were found to be decreased by 38.98, 28.06, 56.26 and 37.77% respectively in diabetic rats whereas, cardioprotective, high density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased by 31.65%. The n-butanol fraction also restored the altered plasma enzyme such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels to near normal. These results clearly indicate that n-butanol fraction of methanolic extract of Habenaria plantaginea possess high antidiabetic potential along with significant hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects

Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera

Moringa oleifera Lam [Moringaceae] is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant contain a profile of important minerals, and are a good source of protein, vitamins, β -carotene, aminoacids and various phenolics. In addition to its compelling water purifying powers and high nutritional value, M. oleifera is very important for its medicinal value. Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess anitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. This review focuses on the detailed phytochemical composition, medicinal uses, along with pharmacological properties of different parts of this multipurpose tree.Keywords: Moringa oleifera; β –carotene; anitumo

Cloning, expression and purification of alkylhydroperoxidase C, a crucial respiratory antioxidant in Brucella abortus

273-281During infection, Brucellae face extensive oxidative pressure inside host macrophages in the form of oxidative burst and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Alkylhydroperoxidase C (AhpC) is the primary scavenger of these ROS in Brucella and alkylhydroperoxidase D (AhpD) helps it to regain its reduced state after the catalytic reaction. In this study, we attempted to crystallize the AhpC protein from B. abortus. Extensive crystallization attempts were carried out but crystals could not be obtained. B. abortus AhpC (BaAhpC) gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, followed by protein purification using affinity and gel filtration chromatography. BaAhpC was found to be a dimer in solution. Protein sequence alignment analysis shows that BaAhpC share about 50% identity with Mycobacterium tuberculosis AhpC (MtbAhpC) protein and has 3 conserved cysteine residues which are directly involved in catalytic activity. The homology model of BaAhpC structure was prepared using MtbAhpC as a template which show it may exist in the form a dodecamer

Theory of phase-adaptive parametric cooling

We propose an adaptive phase technique for the parametric cooling of mechanical resonances. This involves the detection of the mechanical quadratures, followed by a sequence of periodic controllable adjustments of the phase of a parametric modulation. The technique allows the preparation of the quantum ground state with an exponential loss of thermal energy, similarly to the case of cold-damping or cavity self-cooling. Analytical derivations are presented for the cooling rate and final occupancies both in the classical and quantum regimes

Investigation of RF performance of Ku-band GaN HEMT device and an in-depth analysis of short channel effects

In this paper, we have characterized an AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) with a short gate length (Lg $\approx$ 0.15$\mu$m). We have studied the effect of short gate length on the small signal parameters, linearity parameters and gm-gd ratio in GaN HEMT devices. To understand how scaling results in the variation of the above-mentioned parameters a comparative study with higher gate length devices on similar heterostructure is also presented here. We have scaled down the gate length but the barrier thickness(t$_{bar}$) remained same which affects the aspect ratio (L$_{g}$/t$_{bar}$) of the device and its inseparable consequences are the prominent short channel effects (SCEs) barring the optimum output performance of the device. These interesting phenomena were studied in detail and explored over a temperature range of -40$^\circ$C to 80$^\circ$C. To the best of our knowledge this paper explores temperature dependence of SCEs of GaN HEMT for the first time. With an approach to reduce the impact of SCEs a simulation study in Silvaco TCAD was carried out and it is observed that a recessed gate structure on conventional heterostructure successfully reduces SCEs and improves RF performance of the device. This work gives an overall view of gate length scaling on conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

Performance analysis of InAlN/GaN HEMT and optimization for high frequency applications

An InAlN/GaN HEMT device was studied using extensive temperature dependent DC IV measurements and CV measurements. Barrier traps in the InAlN layer were characterized using transient analysis. Forward gate current was modelled using analytical equations. RF performance of the device was also studied and device parameters were extracted following small signal equivalent circuit model. Extensive simulations in Silvaco TCAD were also carried out by varying stem height, gate length and incorporating back barrier to optimize the suitability of this device in Ku-band by reducing the detrimental Short Channel Effects (SCEs). In this paper a novel structure i.e., a short length T gate with recess, on thin GaN buffer to achieve high cut-off frequency (f$_T$) and high maximum oscillating frequency (f$_{max}$) apt for Ku-band applications is also proposed

Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments

The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The experimentalists around the world not only collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavy-ion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland but also analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe, just after the Big Bang. In the meantime, advancements in theoretical works and computing capability extend our wisdom about the hot-dense QCD matter and its dynamics through mathematical equations. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theoreticians is crucial for the progress of our knowledge. The motivation of this first conference named "HOT QCD Matter 2022" is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this article, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This article begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP, and finally, it ends with an overview of experiment results.Comment: Compilation of the contributions (148 pages) as presented in the `Hot QCD Matter 2022 conference', held from May 12 to 14, 2022, jointly organized by IIT Goa & Goa University, Goa, Indi

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe