Theory of phase-adaptive parametric cooling

We propose an adaptive phase technique for the parametric cooling of mechanical resonances. This involves the detection of the mechanical quadratures, followed by a sequence of periodic controllable adjustments of the phase of a parametric modulation. The technique allows the preparation of the quantum ground state with an exponential loss of thermal energy, similarly to the case of cold-damping or cavity self-cooling. Analytical derivations are presented for the cooling rate and final occupancies both in the classical and quantum regimes

Coupling of proteins to liposomes and their role in understanding delayed type of hypersensitivity in human and mice

Liposome-coupled lepromin was found to elicit a 3-week skin reaction in leprosy patients similar to that elicited by whole Mycobacterium leprae. The present study suggests that the presentation of antigens in a specific orientation is necessary for evoking delayed type hypersensitivity response in humans

NADPH-induced chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation in kidney microsomes

NADPH-induced chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation in kidney microsomes. Lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species have been shown to affect diverse biological processes potentially important in renal disease. We therefore examined NADPH-induced chemiluminescence (CL) and lipid peroxidation (LP) by renal cortical and, in some experiments, medullary microsomes. We further examined the role of reactive oxygen species in these processes by the use of enzymatic and chemical scavengers. Cortical microsomes gave a marked NADPH-induced CL accompanied by LP. The time course of LP closely paralleled the CL response. Cortical microsomal CL and LP increased with increasing concentrations of protein (0.3 to 1.8 mg) and NADPH (0.1 to 3.0mM); NADH could not substitute for NADPH. Using similar amounts of protein and NADPH concentrations, cortical CL was significantly higher than medullary CL at all time points examined (peak cortical CL: 490 ± 25 × 103 cpm/mg protein, N = 4; peak medullary CL: 226 ± 61 × 103 cpm/mg protein, N = 4). Cortical LP was similarly higher at all time points, values corresponding to peak CL being 44.7 ± 3 nmoles/mg protein for cortex and 29.9 ± 0.8 nmoles/mg protein for medulla. Para-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), an inhibitor of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, caused a marked inhibition of the microsomal CL and LP whereas SKF 525A, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, had a relatively minor effect. Marked inhibition of NADPH induced CL and LP was observed with chelators EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline. The addition of NADPH to microsomes prepared with sucrose-EDTA and washed in a Chelex-treated buffer gave a negligible CL and LP response; the responses were restored by the addition of iron. Scavengers of superoxide anion (superoxide dismutase), hydrogen peroxide (catalase), and the hydroxyl radical (sodium benzoate, tryptophan) had a relatively minor effect on CL and LP. Singlet oxygen quenchers sodium azide and 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane (DABCO) caused an incomplete inhibition of CL and LP responses and then only after the first 30min. Taken together, these data suggest that other free radical mechanisms are likely to be important in the CL and LP responses. These results which demonstrate the production of excited states and LP by renal microsomes suggest that their role in renal disease deserves further study.Chemiluminescence induite par le NADPH et peroxydation des lipides dans les microsomes de rein. Il a été montré que la peroxydation des lipides et le type d'oxygène réactif modifient diversement les processus biologiques potentiellement importants dans les maladies rénales. C'est pourquoi nous avons examiné la chemiluminescence (CL) induite par le NADPH, et la peroxydation (LP) des lipides par des microsomes corticaux et dans quelques expériences, médullaires rénaux. Nous avons ensuite examiné le rôle du type d'oxygène réactif dans ces processus en utilisant des agents métabolisants enzymatiques et chimiques. Les microsomes corticaux donnaient une CL marquée induite par le NADPH accompagnée par une LP. Dans le temps, la LP était étroitement parallèle à la réponse CL. La CL et la LP microsomiales corticales s'élevaient avec l'accroissement des concentrations de protéines (0, 1 à 1,8 mg) et de NADPH (0,1 à 3,0mM); le NADH ne pouvait so substituer au NADPH. En utilisant des quantités identiques de protéines et de NADPH, la CL corticale était significativement plus élevée que la CL médullaire à tous les temps examinés (pic de CL corticale: 490 ± 25 × 103 cpm/mg protéine, N = 4, pic de CL médullaire: 226 ± 61 × 103 cpm/mg protéine, N = 4). De même la LP corticale était plus élevée à tous les temps, les valeurs correspondant au pic de CL étant de 44,7 ± 3 nmoles/mg protéine pour le cortex et de 29,9 ± 0,8 nmoles/mg protéine pour la médullaire. Le parachloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), un inhibiteur de la réductase NADPH-cytochrome P450a entraîné une inhibition marquée de la CL et de la LP microsomiales tandis que le SKF 525 A, un inhibiteur du cytochrome P450, avait un effet relativement minime. Une inhibition marquée de la CL induite par le NADPH et de la LP a été observée avec des chélateurs tels l'EDTA et le 1,10-phénanthroline. L'addition de NADPH à des microsomes préparés dans du sucrose-EDTA et lavés dans un tampon traité au Chelex entraînait une réponse CL et LP négligeable; les réponses étaient restaurées par l'addition de fer. Les agents métabolisants l'anion superoxide (dismutase superoxide), le peroxide d'hydrogène (catalase), et le radical hydroxylé (benzoate de sodium, tryptophane) avaient un effet relativement minime sur CL et LP. Les capteurs d'oxygène singulet comme l'azide de sodium et le 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane (DABCO) entraînaient une inhibition incomplète des réponses CL et LP et cela seulement après les 30 premières min. Prises dans leur ensemble, ces données suggèrent que d'autres mécanismes par radicaux libres sont probablement importants dans les réponses CL et LP. Ces résultats, qui démontrent la production d'états excités et de LP par des microsomes rénaux, suggèrent que leur rôle dans les maladies rénales nécessite d'autres études

Semiclassical theory for many-body Fermionic systems

We present a treatment of many-body Fermionic systems that facilitates an expression of the well-known quantities in a series expansion of the Planck's constant. The ensuing semiclassical result contains to a leading order of the response function the classical time correlation function of the observable followed by the Weyl-Wigner series, on top of these terms are the periodic-orbit correction terms. The treatment given here starts from linear response assumption of the many-body theory and in its connection with semiclassical theory, it makes no assumption of the integrability of classical dynamics underlying the one-body quantal system. Applications of the framework are also discussed.Comment: 18 pages, Te

Quantum chaos, random matrix theory, and statistical mechanics in two dimensions - a unified approach

We present a theory where the statistical mechanics for dilute ideal gases can be derived from random matrix approach. We show the connection of this approach with Srednicki approach which connects Berry conjecture with statistical mechanics. We further establish a link between Berry conjecture and random matrix theory, thus providing a unified edifice for quantum chaos, random matrix theory, and statistical mechanics. In the course of arguing for these connections, we observe sum rules associated with the outstanding counting problem in the theory of braid groups. We are able to show that the presented approach leads to the second law of thermodynamics.Comment: 23 pages, TeX typ

Study of heterosis and pollen fertility in CGMS based pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millspaugh] hybrids

Twenty CGMS-based pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millspaugh] hybrids were synthesized manually by crossing five CMS lines (A lines) with 11 male lines (R lines) and these hybrids wereevaluated to studyyield potential with the performance of their R- lines. The results showed that the restoring capacities of restorer linesare very important to quality seed production and for yield potential.Result from the study indicated thatmost of the R- line acts as good restorer and it ranged from98.50% (ICPL 20108) to 59.22%(ICPL 2009.In present study most of the hybrids showed standard heterosis towards in desirable direction for yield and yield contributing characters over the checks so these cross combination of parent may be exploited to developed the hybrid in pigeonpea for obtaining higher grain yield.The range of standard heterosis over Asha for grain yield per plant was ranged from -13.06 (ICPA 2092 x ICPL 20123) to 40.91% (ICPA 2047 x ICPL 20126)