NUCLEAR AND RADIATION HAZARDS EVALUATION OF SRE FUEL PROCESSING AND STORAGE

Results are presented of an evaluation of nuclear safety and raaiation control related to the shipment, mechanical processing, and storage of SRE-1 fuel elements. (auth

Hanging drop crystal growth apparatus

This invention relates generally to control systems for controlling crystal growth, and more particularly to such a system which uses a beam of light refracted by the fluid in which crystals are growing to detect concentration of solutes in the liquid. In a hanging drop apparatus, a laser beam is directed onto drop which refracts the laser light into primary and secondary bows, respectively, which in turn fall upon linear diode detector arrays. As concentration of solutes in drop increases due to solvent removal, these bows move farther apart on the arrays, with the relative separation being detected by arrays and used by a computer to adjust solvent vapor transport from the drop. A forward scattering detector is used to detect crystal nucleation in drop, and a humidity detector is used, in one embodiment, to detect relative humidity in the enclosure wherein drop is suspended. The novelty of this invention lies in utilizing angular variance of light refracted from drop to infer, by a computer algorithm, concentration of solutes therein. Additional novelty is believed to lie in using a forward scattering detector to detect nucleating crystallites in drop

THE HELIUM PURIFICATION SYSTEM FOR THE PROPOSED PEBBLE BED REACTOR EXPERIMENT

A helium coolant side-stream purification system consisting of parallel sections for radioactive and nonradioactive decontamination was designed for the proposed Pebble Bed Reactor Experiment. Primary equipment components are two gas coolers, gas heater, charcoal delay trap, CuO oxidizer, molecular sieve adsorber, and full flow filter. The charcoal delay trap is sized to provide a hold-up of 30 min for Kr isotopes. 6 hr hold-up for Xe isotopes, and 99.9% retention of iodine isotopes resulting in "decontamination factors" varying from 1 for Kr/sup 85/ to 556 for I/sup 131/. Nonradioactive decontamination will result in a steady state concentration of CO/sub 2/ in the coolant of 20.8 ppm or less. Total cost of the system excluding auxiliary equipment and containment is estimated to be .690. (auth

CHEMICAL TECHINOLOGY DIVISION, UNIT OPERATIONS SECTION MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT, APRIL 1960

A critical review of the literature revealed no experiments on uranyl ion transfer from an aqueous to a tributyl phosphate phase which positively measured the kinetics of the chemical reaction at the interphase. Drawing isorhythmic lines on a three component diagram gives a complex correlation for the compaction of three sizes of glass beads. Neither the use of thoria sols nor high feed solution concentrations of thorium nitrate gave any significant increase in mean particle diameters over those obtained from nitrate solutions of lower concentrations in flame denitration. A hydraulic film resistance has been detected in the anion exchange of uranyl sulfate into Dowex 2lK, and chloride elution was found to give a higher apparent uranium diffusion coefficient than nitrate elution. The rate of dissolution of mixed thorium-uranium oxides was determined as a function of the per cent of mixed oxides dissolved. Mixing in tanks packed with boron glass Raschig rings is being continued. The SRE hydraulic dejacketer has been operated successfully with prototype fuel rods. Excessive foaming was encountered when sheared stainless-clad UO/sub 2/ was suddenly contacted with boiling 13 M nitric acid. While attempting to shear a prototype Yankee subassembly with Kanigan brazed diffusion bonded joints, a five tube aggregate was formed at one of the two ferrule locations sheared. Of the 91 protective coatings exposed to ionizing radiation from the HRE, 25 of the coatings outside of the shield and 10 coatings inside the shield exhibited satisfactory resistance. HETS values in the acid Thorex flowsheet are reported. Waste calcination of simulated Purex waste in a 7-in.-diameter vessel gave rates slightly higher than predicted by the radial deposition model because of loss of feed due to excess foaming. (For preceding period see CF-60-6-11.) (auth

Structural Constraints Identified with Covariation Analysis in Ribosomal RNA

Covariation analysis is used to identify those positions with similar patterns of sequence variation in an alignment of RNA sequences. These constraints on the evolution of two positions are usually associated with a base pair in a helix. While mutual information (MI) has been used to accurately predict an RNA secondary structure and a few of its tertiary interactions, early studies revealed that phylogenetic event counting methods are more sensitive and provide extra confidence in the prediction of base pairs. We developed a novel and powerful phylogenetic events counting method (PEC) for quantifying positional covariation with the Gutell lab’s new RNA Comparative Analysis Database (rCAD). The PEC and MI-based methods each identify unique base pairs, and jointly identify many other base pairs. In total, both methods in combination with an N-best and helix-extension strategy identify the maximal number of base pairs. While covariation methods have effectively and accurately predicted RNAs secondary structure, only a few tertiary structure base pairs have been identified. Analysis presented herein and at the Gutell lab’s Comparative RNA Web (CRW) Site reveal that the majority of these latter base pairs do not covary with one another. However, covariation analysis does reveal a weaker although significant covariation between sets of nucleotides that are in proximity in the three-dimensional RNA structure. This reveals that covariation analysis identifies other types of structural constraints beyond the two nucleotides that form a base pair