264 research outputs found
The Dirac equation without spinors
In the first part of the paper we give a tensor version of the Dirac
equation. In the second part we formulate and analyse a simple model equation
which for weak external fields appears to have properties similar to those of
the 2--dimensional Dirac equation.Comment: 20 pages. Submitted for publication in the proceedings of the
conference `Functional analysis, partial differential equations and
applications', Rostock (Germany) 31 August--4 September 199
Octonions, E6, and Particle Physics
In 1934, Jordan et al. gave a necessary algebraic condition, the Jordan
identity, for a sensible theory of quantum mechanics. All but one of the
algebras that satisfy this condition can be described by Hermitian matrices
over the complexes or quaternions. The remaining, exceptional Jordan algebra
can be described by 3x3 Hermitian matrices over the octonions.
We first review properties of the octonions and the exceptional Jordan
algebra, including our previous work on the octonionic Jordan eigenvalue
problem. We then examine a particular real, noncompact form of the Lie group
E6, which preserves determinants in the exceptional Jordan algebra.
Finally, we describe a possible symmetry-breaking scenario within E6: first
choose one of the octonionic directions to be special, then choose one of the
2x2 submatrices inside the 3x3 matrices to be special. Making only these two
choices, we are able to describe many properties of leptons in a natural way.
We further speculate on the ways in which quarks might be similarly encoded.Comment: 13 pages; 6 figures; TonyFest plenary talk (York 2008
The logic of the future in quantum theory
According to quantum mechanics, statements about the future made by sentient beings like us are, in general, neither true nor false; they must satisfy a many-valued logic. I propose that the truth value of such a statement should be identified with the probability that the event it describes will occur. After reviewing the history of related ideas in logic, I argue that it gives an understanding of probability which is particularly satisfactory for use in quantum mechanics. I construct a lattice of future-tense propositions, with truth values in the interval , and derive logical properties of these truth values given by the usual quantum-mechanical formula for the probability of a history
Optimally defined Racah-Casimir operators for su(n) and their eigenvalues for various classes of representations
This paper deals with the striking fact that there is an essentially
canonical path from the -th Lie algebra cohomology cocycle, ,
of a simple compact Lie algebra \g of rank to the definition of its
primitive Casimir operators of order . Thus one obtains a
complete set of Racah-Casimir operators for each \g and nothing
else. The paper then goes on to develop a general formula for the eigenvalue
of each valid for any representation of \g, and thereby
to relate to a suitably defined generalised Dynkin index. The form of
the formula for for is known sufficiently explicitly to make
clear some interesting and important features. For the purposes of
illustration, detailed results are displayed for some classes of representation
of , including all the fundamental ones and the adjoint representation.Comment: Latex, 16 page
Z-graded differential geometry of quantum plane
In this work, the Z-graded differential geometry of the quantum plane is
constructed. The corresponding quantum Lie algebra and its Hopf algebra
structure are obtained. The dual algebra, i.e. universal enveloping algebra of
the quantum plane is explicitly constructed and an isomorphism between the
quantum Lie algebra and the dual algebra is given.Comment: 17 page
Auxiliary Fields for Super Yang-Mills from Division Algebras
Division algebras are used to explain the existence and symmetries of various
sets of auxiliary fields for super Yang-Mills in dimensions .
(Contribution to G\"ursey Memorial Conference I: Strings and Symmetries)Comment: 7 pages, plain TeX, CERN-TH.7470/9
The geometric measure of multipartite entanglement and the singular values of a hypermatrix
It is shown that the geometric measure of entanglement of a pure multipartite
state satisfies a polynomial equation, generalising the characteristic equation
of the matrix of coefficients of a bipartite state. The equation is solved for
a class of three-qubit states.Comment: 18 pages. Significant correction made; our results now agree with
those of Tamaryan et a
Types of quantum information
Quantum, in contrast to classical, information theory, allows for different
incompatible types (or species) of information which cannot be combined with
each other. Distinguishing these incompatible types is useful in understanding
the role of the two classical bits in teleportation (or one bit in one-bit
teleportation), for discussing decoherence in information-theoretic terms, and
for giving a proper definition, in quantum terms, of ``classical information.''
Various examples (some updating earlier work) are given of theorems which
relate different incompatible kinds of information, and thus have no
counterparts in classical information theory.Comment: Minor changes so as to agree with published versio
Three-qubit pure-state canonical forms
In this paper we analyze the canonical forms into which any pure three-qubit
state can be cast. The minimal forms, i.e. the ones with the minimal number of
product states built from local bases, are also presented and lead to a
complete classification of pure three-qubit states. This classification is
related to the values of the polynomial invariants under local unitary
transformations by a one-to-one correspondence.Comment: REVTEX, 9 pages, 1 figur
At what time does a quantum experiment have a result?
This paper provides a general method for defining a generalized quantum
observable (or POVM) that supplies properly normalized conditional
probabilities for the time of occurrence (i.e., of detection). This method
treats the time of occurrence as a probabilistic variable whose value is to be
determined by experiment and predicted by the Born rule. This avoids the
problematic assumption that a question about the time at which an event occurs
must be answered through instantaneous measurements of a projector by an
observer, common to both Rovelli (1998) and Oppenheim et al. (2000). I also
address the interpretation of experiments purporting to demonstrate the quantum
Zeno effect, used by Oppenheim et al. (2000) to justify an inherent uncertainty
for measurements of times.Comment: To appear in proceedings of 2015 ETH Zurich Workshop on Time in
Physic
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