Livelihood Diversification and Women Empowerment Through Self-Help Micro Credit Programme: Evidence from Jammu and Kashmir.

In the paper an attempt has been made to analyze the process of livelihood diversification and women empowerment through women self-help groups (WSHGs) and micro credit and its impact under Integrated Watershed Development Project (IWDP), Hills-II, Jammu and Kashmir; to find out difficulties in operationalizing micro income generating activities (MIGAs) through WSHGs and micro credit; and to suggest policy recommendations to make the programme of micro enterprise development through WSHGs and micro credit a success. The study reveals that through creation of WSHGs, 250 beneficiaries have been trained, out of which 50 percent have taken up MIGAs on sustainable basis and started earning up to Rs. 500 per month in Ramnagar Sub-watershed. The scheme of inter-loaning has also been introduced and members of WSHGs gets loan up to Rs. 5000. Through opening of saving accounts in nationalized banks, monthly savings of WSHGs have increased up to Rs. 1000. All these have resulted in increased income and improved livelihoods of the beneficiaries. New WSHGs should be formed through which new high potential MIGAs needs to be promoted. The system of revolving fund/mutual fund groups should also be promoted. The extent of beneficiaries’ willingness to contribute towards the cost of any MIGA is a ‘litmus test’ of their interest and commitment. Efforts should be made to evolve cost-sharing mechanism to ensure sustainability. The members of the WSHGs should be imparted training related to technical, financial, and marketing aspects, for which reputed local NGOs should be roped in. Exposure visits and training programmes should also be organized on regular interval to give WSHGs the opportunities to learn and express themselves in public and to improve their self-confidence.Livelihood Diversification, Women Empowerment, Self-Help Groups, Micro Credit

Combined Treatment of Symptomatic Massive Paraesophageal Hernia in the Morbidly Obese

While repair of giant paraesophageal hernia is associated with a high failure rate in the morbidly obese, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and repair of giant paraesophageal hernia in the morbidly obese may be safe and effective

Short review on domperidone tablet

Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most economical and most convenient method of drug delivery resulting in highest patient compliance. Pediatric and geriatric patients find it difficult to swallow solid dosage forms like tablets. Mouth dissolving tablet that dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in oral cavity result in solution, is an ultimate remedy for this problem in addition they give pleasing mouth feeling. ODT has advantages such as patient compliance, quick onset of action, improved bioavailability. Domperidone tablet (ODT) gives relief from nausea, vomiting. This review gives us all information about pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, uses, precautions, side effects of domperidone tablet

Small-scale-field Dynamo

Generation of magnetic field energy, without mean field generation, is studied. Isotropic mirror-symmetric turbulence of a conducting fluid amplifies the energy of small-scale magnetic perturbations if the magnetic Reynolds number is high, and the dimensionality of space d satisfies 2.103 < d <8.765. The result does not depend on the model of turbulence, incompressibility and isotropy being the only requirements.Comment: 11 pages Plain TeX, no figures, Accepted by Phys. Rev. Let

Formation and Primary Heating of The Solar Corona - Theory and Simulation

An integrated Magneto-Fluid model, that accords full treatment to the Velocity fields associated with the directed plasma motion, is developed to investigate the dynamics of coronal structures. It is suggested that the interaction of the fluid and the magnetic aspects of plasma may be a crucial element in creating so much diversity in the solar atmosphere. It is shown that the structures which comprise the solar corona can be created by particle (plasma) flows observed near the Sun's surface - the primary heating of these structures is caused by the viscous dissipation of the flow kinetic energy.Comment: 46 pages including 7 pages of figures, Submitted to Phys.Plasma

PCR based detection of toxoplasmosis in tissue samples: A step towards detection of toxoplasmosis in meat and post mortem samples

The aim of the study was to find out a suitable marker gene for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in tissue and meat samples during meat inspection and/or during post mortem studies. PCR was used to diagnose toxoplasmosis in ten inbred Swiss albino mice after experimental inoculation of 100 tachyzoites of laboratory maintained human RH strain of the parasite. Blood, peritoneal lavage and tissue from lung, liver spleen, brain, heart and kidney were taken from experimental murine models in duplicate. The samples were subjected to PCR, using primers directed to the multicopy of Surface Antigen 3 (SAG 3 gene). Blood, kidney and heart tissue were found negative while peritoneal lavage along with lung, liver spleen and brain tissue yielded desired positive amplicons. The significance of the studied molecule vis-à-vis future projections in regard to diagnosis of toxoplasmosis during meat sample examination and/or during routine post mortem is being described

A New View on Worst-Case to Average-Case Reductions for NP Problems

We study the result by Bogdanov and Trevisan (FOCS, 2003), who show that under reasonable assumptions, there is no non-adaptive worst-case to average-case reduction that bases the average-case hardness of an NP-problem on the worst-case complexity of an NP-complete problem. We replace the hiding and the heavy samples protocol in [BT03] by employing the histogram verification protocol of Haitner, Mahmoody and Xiao (CCC, 2010), which proves to be very useful in this context. Once the histogram is verified, our hiding protocol is directly public-coin, whereas the intuition behind the original protocol inherently relies on private coins