Forest scientists and knowledge transfer: explanations for differences in communication styles

Dieser Beitrag setzt sich mit den Fragen auseinander, in welchen unterschiedlichen Stilen Forstwissenschaftler kommunizieren und wie sich Wissenschaftler mit differierenden Kommunikationsstilen unterscheiden. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass die Wissenschaftler in vier Kommunikationstypen eingeteilt werden können. Wissenschaftler mit diesen unterschiedlichen Kommunikationsstilen unterscheiden sich in ihrer Stellung innerhalb der akademischen Welt und ihren Motiven für Kommunikation. Die Vorstellungen über Medienwirkungen unterscheiden sich nicht zwischen den Wissenschaftlern mit unterschiedlichen Kommunikationsstilen. Eine Third-Person-Wahrnehmung kann eindeutig festgestellt werden, diese hat jedoch keinen Einfluss auf das Kommunikationsverhalten.This article covers the questions how forest scientists communicate in different styles and how scientists with different communication styles vary. Four different types of communicational behaviour are found. Scientists with these different styles of communication differ in their academic status and their motives for communication. The perceptions of media effects don’t differ between the scientists with different communication styles. A third-person-perception is clearly detectable, but it has no effect on the communicational behaviour of scientists

Entwicklung zielgruppenspezifischer Maßnahmen zur Etablierung von Ökolebensmitteln im Konsum privater Haushalte Seminar zur Umweltsoziologie im November 2002

Stellt man Nichtfachleuten die Frage, wie die aktuellen ökologischen Probleme unserer Gesellschaft zu lösen sind, kommt es zu zwei typischen Antworten. Heilmittel sind danach die Veränderung der Anreizstrukturen und die Veränderung sozialer Normen und Werte. Dabei wird von den imaginären Antwortenden auch sehr klar vorgeführt, wer denn sein Handeln und die dazugehörigen Grunddispositionen verändern soll. Es sind die Verbraucher im Allgemeinen, die Politik und die Industrie. Ein zentrales Thema der Umweltsoziologie ist die kulturelle Wahrnehmung von sozial produzierten Umweltproblemen und die Analyse der entsprechenden Reaktionen zur Lösung dieser Probleme. Im Bereich Landwirtschaft werden in dieser Hinsicht die Änderungen der Agrarstruktur, Emissionen, Tierschutz, Abnahme der Artenvielfalt und die Transportproblematik diskutiert. Als ein Mittel, auf diese Probleme zu reagieren, steht in den Jahren 2002 und 2003 die Umsetzung des Bundesprogramms Ökologischer Landbau auf der Agenda. Eine der Zielsetzungen ist, dass die Nachfrage nach Bio-Produkten durch die Verbraucher deutlich ansteigt. Gegenstand des Seminars war daher die Frage, wie dieses politische Ziel erreicht werden kann. Die Studierenden erhielten die Aufgabe, entsprechend des Modells der Sinus-Milieus zielgruppenspezifische Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Nachfrage nach Lebensmitteln aus Ökologischem Anbau auszuarbeiten. Danken möchten wir an dieser Stelle den 27 Studierenden aus den Forst-, Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, die an dem Seminar teilgenommen haben. Danken möchten wir auch Alexandra Sauer für ihre inhaltliche Unterstützung während des Seminars

Forstwirtschaft

Im Fokus der Bewirtschaftung der Wälder stand ursprünglich überwiegend die Holznutzung. Die Diskussion über ihre Nachhaltigkeit hat jedoch dazu geführt, dass mittlerweile auch soziale, ökologische und ökonomische Ansprüche in der Forstwirtschaft berücksichtigt werden. Nichtsdestotrotz bestehen auch weiterhin Konflikte zwischen der Holzproduktion, dem Naturschutz sowie der Erholungsnutzung, Auch durch die Verknappung fossiler Energien könnte sich der Nutzungsdruck auf die Wälder weiter erhöhen

Comparison of opioid prescribing by dentists in the United States and England

Importance: The United States consumes most of the opioids worldwide despite representing a small portion of the world\u27s population. Dentists are one of the most frequent US prescribers of opioids despite data suggesting that nonopioid analgesics are similarly effective for oral pain. While oral health and dentist use are generally similar between the United States and England, it is unclear how opioid prescribing by dentists varies between the 2 countries. Objective: To compare opioid prescribing by dentists in the United States and England. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional study of prescriptions for opioids dispensed from outpatient pharmacies and health care settings between January 1 and December 31, 2016, by dentists in the United States and England. Data were analyzed from October 2018 to January 2019. Exposures: Opioids prescribed by dentists. Main Outcomes and Measures: Proportion and prescribing rates of opioid prescriptions. Results: In 2016, the proportion of prescriptions written by US dentists that were for opioids was 37 times greater than the proportion written by English dentists. In all, 22.3% of US dental prescriptions were opioids (11.4 million prescriptions) compared with 0.6% of English dental prescriptions (28 082 prescriptions) (difference, 21.7%; 95% CI, 13.8%-32.1%; P \u3c .001). Dentists in the United States also had a higher number of opioid prescriptions per 1000 population (35.4 per 1000 US population [95% CI, 25.2-48.7 per 1000 population] vs 0.5 per 1000 England population [95% CI, 0.03-3.7 per 1000 population]) and number of opioid prescriptions per dentist (58.2 prescriptions per dentist [95% CI, 44.9-75.0 prescriptions per dentist] vs 1.2 prescriptions per dentist [95% CI, 0.2-5.6 prescriptions per dentist]). While the codeine derivative dihydrocodeine was the sole opioid prescribed by English dentists, US dentists prescribed a range of opioids containing hydrocodone (62.3%), codeine (23.2%), oxycodone (9.1%), and tramadol (4.8%). Dentists in the United States also prescribed long-acting opioids (0.06% of opioids prescribed by US dentists [6425 prescriptions]). Long-acting opioids were not prescribed by English dentists. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that in 2016, dentists in the United States prescribed opioids with significantly greater frequency than their English counterparts. Opioids with a high potential for abuse, such as oxycodone, were frequently prescribed by US dentists but not prescribed in England. These results illustrate how 1 source of opioids differs substantially in the United States vs England. To reduce dental opioid prescribing in the United States, dentists could adopt measures similar to those used in England, including national guidelines for treating dental pain that emphasize prescribing opioids conservatively

TORC1 regulates autophagy induction in response to proteotoxic stress in yeast and human cells

Misfolded and aggregated proteins are eliminated to maintain protein homeostasis. Autophagy contributes to the removal of protein aggregates. However, if and how proteotoxic stress induces autophagy is poorly understood. Here we show that proteotoxic stress after treatment with azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC), a toxic proline analog, induces autophagy in budding yeast. AZC treatment attenuated target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) activity, resulting in the dephosphorylation of Atg13, a key factor of autophagy. By contrast, AZC treatment did not affect target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2). Proteotoxic stress also induced TORC1 inactivation and autophagy in fission yeast and human cells. This study suggested that TORC1 is a conserved key factor to cope with proteotoxic stress in eukaryotic cells

Effects of nintedanib on symptoms in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Dyspnoea and cough can have a profound impact on the lives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the effects of nintedanib on the symptoms and impact of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in the INBUILD trial using the Living with Pulmonary Fibrosis (L-PF) questionnaire. METHODS: Patients had a fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) (other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) of &gt;10% extent on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and met criteria for ILD progression within the prior 24 months. Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive nintedanib or placebo. Changes in L-PF questionnaire scores from baseline to week 52 were assessed using mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS:In total, 663 patients were treated. Compared with placebo, there were significantly smaller increases (worsenings) in adjusted mean L-PF questionnaire total (0.5 versus 5.1), symptoms (1.3 versus 5.3), dyspnoea (4.3 versus 7.8) and fatigue (0.7 versus 4.0) scores in the nintedanib group at week 52. L-PF questionnaire cough score decreased in the nintedanib group and increased in the placebo group (-1.8 versus 4.3). L-PF questionnaire impacts score decreased slightly in the nintedanib group and increased in the placebo group (-0.2 versus 4.6). Similar findings were observed in patients with a usual interstitial pneumonia-like fibrotic pattern on HRCT and in patients with other fibrotic patterns on HRCT.CONCLUSION: Based on changes in L-PF questionnaire scores, nintedanib reduced worsening of dyspnoea, fatigue and cough and the impacts of ILD over 52 weeks in patients with PPF.</p

Effects of nintedanib on symptoms in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Dyspnoea and cough can have a profound impact on the lives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the effects of nintedanib on the symptoms and impact of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in the INBUILD trial using the Living with Pulmonary Fibrosis (L-PF) questionnaire. METHODS: Patients had a fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) (other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) of &gt;10% extent on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and met criteria for ILD progression within the prior 24 months. Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive nintedanib or placebo. Changes in L-PF questionnaire scores from baseline to week 52 were assessed using mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS:In total, 663 patients were treated. Compared with placebo, there were significantly smaller increases (worsenings) in adjusted mean L-PF questionnaire total (0.5 versus 5.1), symptoms (1.3 versus 5.3), dyspnoea (4.3 versus 7.8) and fatigue (0.7 versus 4.0) scores in the nintedanib group at week 52. L-PF questionnaire cough score decreased in the nintedanib group and increased in the placebo group (-1.8 versus 4.3). L-PF questionnaire impacts score decreased slightly in the nintedanib group and increased in the placebo group (-0.2 versus 4.6). Similar findings were observed in patients with a usual interstitial pneumonia-like fibrotic pattern on HRCT and in patients with other fibrotic patterns on HRCT.CONCLUSION: Based on changes in L-PF questionnaire scores, nintedanib reduced worsening of dyspnoea, fatigue and cough and the impacts of ILD over 52 weeks in patients with PPF.</p

Twenty-fifth Annual Bibliography, 2009 (Contemporary German Literature Collection)

Bibliography of contemporary German literature volumes added the previous year to Washington University Libraries\u27 Contemporary German Literature Collection. These acquisitions generally include novels, poetry, short story collections, essays, autobiographical works, and literary and cultural periodicals from publishers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. This Collection serves as the research arm for the Department of Germanic Languages and Literature\u27s Max Kade Center for Contemporary German Literature. This bibliography is compiled by Washington University\u27s Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures in cooperation with the University Libraries. See also Contemporary German Literature Collection and Max Kade Center for Contemporary German Literature