Role of soluble, cell wall bound phenolics, tannin and flavonoid contents in maize resistance to pink stem borer Sesamia inferens Walker

The pink stem borer Sesamia inferens Walker is an important pest of winter maize which causes significant yieldlosses. In an attempt to identify the biochemical basis of resistance against S. inferens, total soluble phenolics, boundphenolics, cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids-p-coumaric acid (p-CA), ferulic acid (FA), total tannin contentand total flavonoid contents, were measured in leaf at 10, 20 days after germination (DAG); stem at 20, 40 DAG;pith and rind tissues at 60 DAG (stem differentiated). From the present study, it was found that bound phenolics,p-CA, ferulic acid and total tannin contents contribute to the maize defense mechanism against S. inferens. Totalbound phenolic content showed negative correlation with Leaf Injury Rating (LIR). Highly significant strong positivecorrelation (+0.9750) was observed between LIR and total soluble phenolics in leaf tissue at 20 DAG. Similarlyhighly significant strong positive correlation between LIR and total tannins (+0.9354**) and flavonoids (+0.9582**)in pith at 60 DAG was observed. Further, a strong significant positive correlation was also observed between LIRand p-CA (+0.9199*) in pith at 60 DAG and total ferulic acid (+0.9051*) in rind at 60 DAG. The significant strong negativecorrelation between LIR and p-CA (-0.8441*) in stem at 40 DAG was observed. The total bound phenolicsin rind at 60 DAG (0.756), in leaf at 20 DAG (0.681), and total soluble phenolics in the stem at 20 DAG (0.685) showedhigher loadings with PC1, PC2, and PC3, respectively. Genotype-by-biochemical factor biplot showed that thedata of biochemical parameters measured in different tissues and stages could be able to group the genotypesaccording to their reaction to S. inferens

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Not AvailableGlobally, maize is an important cereal food crop with the highest production and productivity. Among the biotic constraints that limit the productivity of maize, the recent invasion of fall armyworm (FAW) in India is a concern. The first line of strategy available for FAW management is to evaluate and exploit resistant genotypes for inclusion in an IPM schedule. Screening for resistant maize genotypes against FAW is in its infancy in India, considering its recent occurrence in the country. The present work attempts to optimize screening techniques suited to Indian conditions, which involve the description of leaf damage rating (LDR) by comparing injury levels among maize genotypes and to validate the result obtained from the optimized screening technique by identification of lines potentially resistant to FAW under artificial infestation. Exposure to 20 neonate FAW larvae at the V 5 phenological stage coupled with the adoption of LDR on a 1–9 scale aided in preliminary characterize maize rize maize genotypes as potentially resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible. The LDR varies with genotype, neonate counts, and days after infestation. The genotypes, viz., DMRE 63, DML-163-1, CML 71, CML 141, CML 337, CML 346, and wild ancestor Zea mays ssp. parviglumis recorded lower LDR ratings against FAW and can be exploited for resistance breeding in maize.ICAR-NAS

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Not AvailableThe insecticidal property of acetonic extracts of Vitex negundo (Five leaved chaste tree:Verbenaceae), Adathoda vasica (Malabarnut tree: Acanthaceae), Catharanthus roseus (Periwinkle:Apocynaceae) and Lantana camera (Wild sage:Verbenaceae) @ 1% and 2% w/w was evaluated against Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) in stored maize grain. Among them A.vasica, C.roseus and V. negundo has proved to have high efficacy for reducing the adult emergence, grain damage and grain weight loss while the acetonic extracts of L.camera showed moderate effect compared to control. The per cent grain damage and weight loss showed positive correlation with number of moths emerged.Not Availabl

Improved method of screening maize germplasm for resistance against Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)

Not AvailableThirty diverse maize genotypes were evaluated by infesting them artificially by stem borer (Chilo partellus) under field conditions during kharif, 2014. The stem borer infestation was measured in terms of leaf injury rating (LIR), dead hearts and stem tunneling. The damage by C. partellus indicated significant differences among the genotypes in respect of all the three traits measured. The leaf injury rating ranged from 2.16 in PFSR51016/1 to 8.74 in HKI 1352. The genotype WNZPBTL2 recorded minimum (14.03%) dead hearts while the genotypes HKI 1378 recorded maximum (55.94%) dead hearts. The larval feeding inside the stem resulted in minimum stem tunneling in WNZPBTL2 and maximum in Basi local i.e., 13.75 and 44.75% respectively. The correlations among damage parameters revealed significant positive association of leaf injury with dead hearts and stem tunneling. Thus these traits proved to be visual indicators of stem borer resistance. A selection index was constructed Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012 India based on LIR and percent stem tunneling for selecting the best genotypes in the test population. The selection index led to the identification of WNZPBTL2 and PFSR 51016/1 as the resistance sources for C. partellus.Not Availabl

Compendium of lectures on Integrated Management Strategies for Major Crop Pests & Diseases in Developing Countries” (With special focus on Fall Army Worm)

NANAMANAG

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Not AvailableIn order to use eco friendly alternatives to chemical insecticides for the management of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae L., hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol plant extracts from the leaves of Strychnos nuxvomica L., Lepidium sativum L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. were evaluated for repellent (area preference method) and reproductive inhibitory activities. Results showed that all the plant extracts were repellent at doses between 78.4 and 235.8 μg/cm2 after 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h exposure. In repellency tests, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of A. indica (>90.0%) followed by L. sativum (87.3%) were found to be the most effective compared to the extracts of S. nuxvomica at 235.8 μg/cm2. In majority of the plant extracts, the per cent repellency increases from 6 to 24 h and then decreases gradually whereas in neem extracts the repellent activity exists even after 72 h. All the plant extracts significantly reduced F1 progeny emergence compared to untreated control. At 7.5%w/w, ethyl acetate extract of S. nuxvomica (96.3%), and hexane extract of L. sativum (95.3%) effectively suppressed the F1 progeny production followed by hexane and methanol extracts of A. indica (94.2%, 90.5%), respectively. The present work indicated that the plant extracts from Indian origin were potential grain protectants against S. oryzae.Not Availabl

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Compendium of Lectures of Model Training Course on Maize Production Technology and Management Strategies for Fall Armyworm

NANADirectorate of Extension, GO