12 research outputs found
Biomass-derived carbonâsilicon composites (C@Si) as anodes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries: A promising strategy towards long-term cycling stability: A mini review
The global need for high energy density and performing rechargeable batteries has led to the development of high-capacity silicon-based anode materials to meet the energy demands imposed to electrify plug-in vehicles to curtail carbon emissions by 2035. Unfortunately, the high theoretical capacity (4200 mA h gâ1) of silicon by (de-)alloy mechanism is limited by its severe volume changes (ÎV ⌠200% â 400%) during cycling for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), while for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) remain uncertain, and hence, compositing with carbons (C@Si) represent a promising strategy to enable the aforementioned practical application. The present review outlines the recent progress of biomass-derived Si-carbon composite (C@Si) anodes for LIBs and NIBs. In this perspective, we present different types of biomass precursors, silicon sources, and compositing strategies, and how these impact on the C@Si physicochemical properties and their electrochemical performance are discussed
An Actuarial Analysis of Calibration of Crop Insurance Premiums to Heterogeneous Risks
This paper examines whether the loadings on the crop insurance premium rates for risks such as moral hazard and adverse selection are adequate. From the discrete choice (tobit) analysis conducted, we discover that the premium loadings for 75% coverage level are not adequate, resulting in losses for the Risk Management Agency
Recent Progress in Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for Li-Ion and Na-Ion Batteries—A Review
Batteries are the backbones of the sustainable energy transition for stationary off-grid, portable electronic devices, and plug-in electric vehicle applications. Both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (NIBs), most commonly rely on carbon-based anode materials and are usually derived from non-renewable sources such as fossil deposits. Biomass-derived carbon materials are extensively researched as efficient and sustainable anode candidates for LIBs and NIBs. The main purpose of this perspective is to brief the use of biomass residues for the preparation of carbon anodes for LIBs and NIBs annexed to the biomass-derived carbon physicochemical structures and their aligned electrochemical properties. In addition, an outlook and some challenges faced in this promising area of research is presented. This review enlightens the readers with valuable insights and a reasonable understanding of issues and challenges faced in the preparation, physicochemical properties, and application of biomass-derived carbon materials as anode candidates for LIBs and NIBs
Recent Progress in Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for Li-Ion and Na-Ion BatteriesâA Review
Batteries are the backbones of the sustainable energy transition for stationary off-grid, portable electronic devices, and plug-in electric vehicle applications. Both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (NIBs), most commonly rely on carbon-based anode materials and are usually derived from non-renewable sources such as fossil deposits. Biomass-derived carbon materials are extensively researched as efficient and sustainable anode candidates for LIBs and NIBs. The main purpose of this perspective is to brief the use of biomass residues for the preparation of carbon anodes for LIBs and NIBs annexed to the biomass-derived carbon physicochemical structures and their aligned electrochemical properties. In addition, an outlook and some challenges faced in this promising area of research is presented. This review enlightens the readers with valuable insights and a reasonable understanding of issues and challenges faced in the preparation, physicochemical properties, and application of biomass-derived carbon materials as anode candidates for LIBs and NIBs
Nontraditional, Safe, High Voltage Rechargeable Cells of Long Cycle Life
A room-temperature
all-solid-state rechargeable battery cell containing
a tandem electrolyte consisting of a Li<sup>+</sup>-glass electrolyte
in contact with a lithium anode and a plasticizer in contact with
a conventional, low cost oxide host cathode was charged to 5 V versus
lithium with a charge/discharge cycle life of over 23,000 cycles at
a rate of 153 mA·g<sup>â1</sup> of active material. A
larger positive electrode cell with 329 cycles had a capacity of 585
mAh·g<sup>â1</sup> at a cutoff of 2.5 V and a current
of 23 mA·g<sup>â1</sup> of the active material; the capacity
rose with cycle number over the 329 cycles tested during 13 consecutive
months. Another cell had a discharge voltage from 4.5 to 3.7 V over
316 cycles at a rate of 46 mA·g<sup>â1</sup> of active
material. Both the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass electrolyte and the plasticizer
contain electric dipoles that respond to the internal electric fields
generated during charge by a redistribution of mobile cations in the
glass and by extraction of Li<sup>+</sup> from the active cathode
host particles. The electric dipoles remain oriented during discharge
to retain an internal electric field after a discharge. The plasticizer
accommodates to the volume changes in the active cathode particles
during charge/discharge cycling and retains during charge the Li<sup>+</sup> extracted from the cathode particles at the plasticizer/cathode-particle
interface; return of these Li<sup>+</sup> to the active cathode particles
during discharge only involves a displacement back across the plasticizer/cathode
interface and transport within the cathode particle. A slow motion
at room temperature of the electric dipoles in the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass
electrolyte increases with time the electric field across the EDLC
of the anode/Li<sup>+</sup>-glass interface to where Li<sup>+</sup> from the glass electrolyte is plated on the anode without being
replenished from the cathode, which charges the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass
electrolyte negative and consequently the glass side of the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass/plasticizer EDLC. Stripping back the Li<sup>+</sup> to the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass during discharge is enhanced by the
negative charge in the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass. Since the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass is not reduced on contact with metallic lithium, no passivating
interface layer contributes to a capacity fade; instead, the discharge
capacity increases with cycle number as a result of dipole polarization
in the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass electrolyte leading to a capacity increase
of the Li<sup>+</sup>-glass/plasticizer EDLC. The storage of electric
power by both faradaic electrochemical extraction/insertion of Li<sup>+</sup> in the cathode and electrostatic stored energy in the EDLCs
provides a safe and fast charge and discharge with a long cycle life
and a greater capacity than can be provided by the cathode host extraction/insertion
reaction. The cell can be charged to a high voltage versus a lithium
anode because of the added charge of the EDLCs
Biomass-derived carbonâsilicon composites (C@Si) as anodes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries : A promising strategy towards long-term cycling stability : A mini review
The global need for high energy density and performing rechargeable batteries has led to the development of high-capacity silicon-based anode materials to meet the energy demands imposed to electrify plug-in vehicles to curtail carbon emissions by 2035. Unfortunately, the high theoretical capacity (4200 mA h gâ 1) of silicon by (de-)alloy mechanism is limited by its severe volume changes (ÎV ~ 200% â 400%) during cycling for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), while for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) remain uncertain, and hence, compositing with carbons (C@Si) represent a promising strategy to enable the aforementioned practical application. The present review outlines the recent progress of biomass-derived Si-carbon composite (C@Si) anodes for LIBs and NIBs. In this perspective, we present different types of biomass precursors, silicon sources, and compositing strategies, and how these impact on the C@Si physicochemical properties and their electrochemical performance are discussed.peerReviewe
Sustainable Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Potassium and Aluminum Batteries : Conceptualizing the Key Parameters for Improved Performance
The development of sustainable, safe, low-cost, high energy and density power-density energy storage devices is most needed to electrify our modern needs to reach a carbon-neutral society by ~2050. Batteries are the backbones of future sustainable energy sources for both stationary off-grid and mobile plug-in electric vehicle applications. Biomass-derived carbon materials are extensively researched as efficient and sustainable electrode/anode candidates for lithium/ sodium-ion chemistries due to their well-developed tailored textures (closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing and therefore opens-up their potential applications in sustainable potassium and aluminum batteries. The main purpose of this perspective is to brief the use of biomass residues for the preparation of carbon electrodes for potassium and aluminum batteries annexed to the biomass-derived carbon physicochemical structures and their aligned electrochemical properties. In addition, we presented an outlook as well as some challenges faced in this promising area of research. We believe that this review enlightens the readers with useful insights and a reasonable understanding of issues and challenges faced in the preparation, physicochemical properties and application of biomass-derived carbon materials as anodes and cathode candidates for potassium and aluminum batteries, respectively. In addition, this review can further help material scientists to seek out novel electrode materials from different types of biomasses, which opens up new avenues in the fabrication/development of next-generation sustainable and high-energy density batteries.peerReviewe
Facile synthesis of sustainable activated biochars with different pore structures as efficient additive-carbon-free anodes for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries
Abstract
The present work elucidates facile one-pot synthesis from biomass forestry waste (Norway spruce bark) and its chemical activation yielding high specific surface area (SBET) biochars as efficient lithium- and sodium-ion storage anodes. The chemically activated biochar using ZnCl2 (Biochar-1) produced a highly mesoporous carbon containing 96.1% mesopores in its structure as compared to only 56.1% mesoporosity from KOH-activated biochars (Biochar-2). The latter exhibited a lower degree of graphitization with disordered and defective carbon structures, while the former presented more formation of ordered graphite sheets in its structure as analyzed from Raman spectra. In addition, both biochars presented a high degree of functionalities on their surfaces but Biochar-1 presented a pyridinic-nitrogen group, which helps improve its electrochemical response. When tested electrochemically, Biochar-1 showed an excellent rate capability and the longest capacity retentions of 370 mA h gâ1 at 100 mA gâ1 (100 cycles), 332.4 mA h gâ1 at 500 mA gâ1 (1000 cycles), and 319 mA h gâ1 at 1000 mA gâ1 after 5000 cycles, rendering as an alternative biomass anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Moreover, as a negative electrode in sodium-ion batteries, Biochar-1 delivered discharge capacities of 147.7 mA h gâ1 at 50 mA gâ1 (140 cycles) and 126 mA h gâ1 at 100 mA gâ1 after 440 cycles
Biomass-derived carbonâsilicon composites (C@Si) as anodes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries:a promising strategy towards long-term cycling stability:a mini review
Abstract
The global need for high energy density and performing rechargeable batteries has led to the development of high-capacity silicon-based anode materials to meet the energy demands imposed to electrify plug-in vehicles to curtail carbon emissions by 2035. Unfortunately, the high theoretical capacity (4200 mA h gâ»Âč) of silicon by (de-)alloy mechanism is limited by its severe volume changes (ÎV ⌠200% â 400%) during cycling for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), while for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) remain uncertain, and hence, compositing with carbons (C@Si) represent a promising strategy to enable the aforementioned practical application. The present review outlines the recent progress of biomass-derived Si-carbon composite (C@Si) anodes for LIBs and NIBs. In this perspective, we present different types of biomass precursors, silicon sources, and compositing strategies, and how these impact on the C@Si physicochemical properties and their electrochemical performance are discussed