Are Tuberculosis Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hyderabad, India Being Managed According to National Guidelines?

A tertiary health care facility (Government General and Chest hospital) in Hyderabad, India

Association of ADAM33 gene S1 and S2 transmembrane domain polymorphisms in COPD from South-Indian population

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a disease characterised by partially reversible and progressive airflow limitation associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung with systemic manifestation. COPD is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. ADAM33 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33) has been one of the most exciting candidate genes for asthma and it was first associated with the disease in Caucasian populations. Recently, ADAM33 was shown to be associated with excessive decline of lung function and COPD. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of ADAM33 – S1 and S2 polymorphisms with COPD. Subjects and methods: A total of 150 COPD patients attending the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Chest Hospital, Erragadda, Hyderabad, India and 200 healthy control subjects were considered for the present study. A standard PCR–RFLP method was carried out for genotyping of ADAM33 S1-A/G and S2-C/G polymorphisms in all the participants. Results: Genotypic distribution of the control and patient groups was compared with values predicted by the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the strength of association between ADAM33 S1 (A/G) and S2 (C/G) gene polymorphisms and COPD. The genotypic frequencies of ADAM33 gene S1 (A/G) polymorphism were found to be AA/AG/GG – 36%, 56%, 8% in controls and 5.33%, 10.66%, 84% in COPD cases, respectively. Genotypic frequencies for S2 (C/G) polymorphism were found to be CC/CG/GG – 14.47%, 78.20%, 5.92% in controls and 4%, 8% and 88% in COPD cases, respectively. There is a significant difference in distribution of genotypes and alleles of ADAM33 S1 and S2 gene polymorphisms between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the ADAM33 S1 and S2 gene promoter polymorphisms can be the major genetic predisposing factors in the aetiology of COPD

Prevalence of multidrug resistance among retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases in a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad, India

Background: India is one of the high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries in the world. India ranks second in harboring multi drug resistant (MDR)-TB cases. About 50,000 of MDR cases are recorded in retreatment pulmonary TB cases. This study was conducted in a tertiary care facility (Government General and Chest Hospital) in Hyderabad, India. Objectives: Toassess: Proportion of the TB patients having MDR-TB at the initiation of retreatment regimen; the prevalence of isoniazid (INH) resistance in this geographical area. Materials and Methods: An analytical, observational, prospective cohort study of patients attending the out-patient department from December 2010 to March 2011. Results: Sputum samples from 100 patients were subjected to acid fast bacilli (AFB) culture and drug sensitivity testing. Of these, 28 (28%) were MDR-TB, 42 (42%) were non-MDR-TB and 39% being INH resistance. Conclusions: In conclusion, one third of the retreatment pulmonary TB cases attending a tertiary care institute for TB will be MDR-TB at the initiation of treatment and there is a need to include ethambutol in the continuation phase of new TB case treatment in view of high INH resistance

Type of Tuberculosis and treatment regimens of TB patients admitted to Government General and Chest Hospital, Hyderabad, India (2010).

<p>*RNTCP- Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme.</p><p>**Regimen formulated based on the drug susceptibility of the individual patient to first and second line anti- TB treatment.</p><p>Cat-1 = Category 1, Cat-2 = category 2, Cat-3 = Category 3, Cat-4 = Category 4.</p

Treatment categories and regimens for TB patients in India.

<p>PTB = Pulmonary tuberculosis: EPTB = Extra pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p>*In children, seriously ill sputum smear-negative PTB includes all forms of sputum smear-negative PTB other than primary complex. Seriously ill EPTB includes TB meningitis (TBM), disseminated TB, TB pericarditis, TB peritonitis and intestinal TB, bilateral extensive pleurisy, spinal TB with or without neurological complications, genitourinary TB, and bone and joint TB.</p><p>**Not seriously ill sputum smear-negative PTB includes primary complex. Not seriously ill EPTB includes lymph node TB and unilateral pleural effusion.</p><p>***Prefix indicates month and subscript indicates thrice weekly.</p><p>H = Isoniazid, R = Rifampicin, Z = Pyrazinamide, E = Ethambutol, S = Streptomycin, Km = Kanamycin, Levo = Levofloxacin, Eto = Ethionamide, Cs = Cycloserine,</p

Type of tuberculosis treatment for tuberculosis patients admitted to the Government General and Chest Hospital, Hyderabad, India.

<p>Type of tuberculosis treatment for tuberculosis patients admitted to the Government General and Chest Hospital, Hyderabad, India.</p

Referral for treatment and feedback status of patients initiated on RNTCP treatment Regimen at Government General and Chest Hospital, Hyderabad, India.

<p>Referral for treatment and feedback status of patients initiated on RNTCP treatment Regimen at Government General and Chest Hospital, Hyderabad, India.</p