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Not AvailableBrinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) (Leucinodes arbonalis Guenee) is an obnoxious pest causing severe yield loss to an extent of 70-92% and rendering the fruits unmarketable and unfit for consumption. Although a number of insecticides can effectively manage the pest, unethical and injudicious spray of insecticides causes pest resurgence, health hazards and pesticide residues in edible fruits. The present study focused on ETL based application of 3 insecticides imidacloprid 17.8 SL, spinosad 45 SC and carbofuran 3G, one botanical, Nimbicidine @ 0.03% EC and mechanical method of clipping infected shoots and fruits after every 10 days interval during Kharif 2017 and 2018. The treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL proved to be the best with per cent pest reduction of as high as 75% and highest per cent yield increase of 77.81%. Moreover, spinosad 45 SC yielded 65.70% more yield than control in the second year, followed by Carbofuron 3G (56.84%), Nimbicidine @ 0.03% EC (54.75%) and manual clipping (25.84%). While, in the first year too, the similar trend of per cent yield increase and per cent pest reduction was recorded. Finally it was concluded that Imidocloprid 17.8 SL was the most efficient insecticide against BFSB and was recommended to be used in rotation with spinosad 45 SC, carbofuran 3G and Nimbicidine @ 0.03% EC to avoid resistance development and in integration with regular clipping of infected shoots and fruits to achieve successful pest management.Not Availabl

Modeling the impacts of fishing regulations in a tropical Indian estuary using Ecopath with Ecosim approach

In this study, we measured the impacts of an effective fishing regulation on the sustainability of fisheries in Zuari estuary, a tropical estuary situated along western coast of India through an Ecosim approach. Ecosystem indicators for 2016 and 2031 (for each Ecosim scenario) were measured to compare and contrast the decadal changes in the status of the ecosystem between these two periods. Four different hypothetical fishing patterns were simulated to explore the best suited management scenario. The ecosystem indices of 2031 ecosystem were compared with that obtained for 2016 to evaluate the possible effects of fishing regulations. The functional groups showed a decline in their biomass when no fishing regulations are implemented (S1). The direct fishing effort reductions of all the fleets (S4) and ban/reduction of indiscriminate fishing fleets (S2-immediate ban and S3-gradual reduction) showed a more or less similar trend for recovery of fish stocks through diverse fisheries policies. A complete ban of indiscriminate fishing seems to slightly more advantageous than the direct reductions in the fishing effort for all the fleets in terms of stock recovery (130%), Q statistic (1.15), Shannon diversity (1.43), mean trophic level of ecosystem (2.98), mean trophic level of the catch (2.91) and fish catch in the gillnet fleet (200%). The simulations have also suggested that a complete control for mechanized fishing fleets will be the best possible management strategy for the recovery of fish stocks in the ecosystem

Safety Assessment of Ubiquinol Acetate: Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity Studies

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid soluble, endogenous antioxidant present at highest levels in the heart followed by the kidney and liver. The reduced CoQ10 ubiquinol is well known for its chemical instability and low bioavailability. The present study was designed to synthesize ubiquinol acetate, which is more stable and biologically active, and further evaluate its safety and genotoxic potential. Synthesized ubiquinol acetate showed better stability than that of ubiquinol at the end of 3 months. In vitro genotoxicity studies (AMES test, in vitro micronucleus and chromosomal aberration) showed ubiquinol acetate as nongenotoxic with no clastogenic or aneugenic effects at high dose of 5000 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. In subchronic toxicity study, ubiquinol acetate was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day for 90 days. No treatment related adverse effects were observed in males at 600 mg/kg/day; however, females showed treatment related increase in AST and ALT with small focal irregular white-yellow spots in liver on gross necropsy examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed hepatocellular necrosis in high dose females which was considered as adverse. Based on the results, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) of ubiquinol acetate in males and females was determined as 600 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively.</jats:p

Safety Assessment of Ubiquinol Acetate: Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity Studies

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid soluble, endogenous antioxidant present at highest levels in the heart followed by the kidney and liver. The reduced CoQ10 ubiquinol is well known for its chemical instability and low bioavailability. The present study was designed to synthesize ubiquinol acetate, which is more stable and biologically active, and further evaluate its safety and genotoxic potential. Synthesized ubiquinol acetate showed better stability than that of ubiquinol at the end of 3 months. In vitro genotoxicity studies (AMES test, in vitro micronucleus and chromosomal aberration) showed ubiquinol acetate as nongenotoxic with no clastogenic or aneugenic effects at high dose of 5000 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. In subchronic toxicity study, ubiquinol acetate was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day for 90 days. No treatment related adverse effects were observed in males at 600 mg/kg/day; however, females showed treatment related increase in AST and ALT with small focal irregular white-yellow spots in liver on gross necropsy examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed hepatocellular necrosis in high dose females which was considered as adverse. Based on the results, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) of ubiquinol acetate in males and females was determined as 600 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively

Effect of Antiplatelet Therapy on Survival and Organ Support–Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19

International audienc

Lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial

International audienc