Hybrid Ventilation System and Soft-Sensors for Maintaining Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in Buildings

Maintaining both indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort in buildings along with optimized energy consumption is a challenging problem. This investigation presents a novel design for hybrid ventilation system enabled by predictive control and soft-sensors to achieve both IAQ and thermal comfort by combining predictive control with demand controlled ventilation (DCV). First, we show that the problem of maintaining IAQ, thermal comfort and optimal energy is a multi-objective optimization problem with competing objectives, and a predictive control approach is required to smartly control the system. This leads to many implementation challenges which are addressed by designing a hybrid ventilation scheme supported by predictive control and soft-sensors. The main idea of the hybrid ventilation system is to achieve thermal comfort by varying the ON/OFF times of the air conditioners to maintain the temperature within user-defined bands using a predictive control and IAQ is maintained using Healthbox 3.0, a DCV device. Furthermore, this study also designs soft-sensors by combining the Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensors with deep-learning tools. The hardware realization of the control and IoT prototype is also discussed. The proposed novel hybrid ventilation system and the soft-sensors are demonstrated in a real research laboratory, i.e., Center for Research in Automatic Control Engineering (C-RACE) located at Kalasalingam University, India. Our results show the perceived benefits of hybrid ventilation, predictive control, and soft-sensors

Pro-neurotrophins secreted from retinal ganglion cell axons are necessary for ephrinA-p75NTR-mediated axon guidance

Background: Retinotectal map formation develops via topographically specific guidance and branching of retinal axons in their target area. This process is controlled, in part, by reverse signalling of ephrinAs expressed on retinal axons. As glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecules, ephrinAs require transmembrane co-receptors to exert this function, for which the two neurotrophin receptors, p75(NTR) and TrkB, were recently proposed. Results: We show here that the ligands for these receptors, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) and its processed form, BDNF, respectively, control the branching of retinal axons antagonistically, which they mediate by inducing the corresponding neurotrophin receptor-ephrinA complexes. Moreover, scavenging proneurotrophins, by adding antibodies specific for the pro-domain of proBNDF or a soluble extracellular domain of p75NTR, abolish repellent ephrinA reverse signalling in the stripe assay. Conclusions: This indicates that retinal cells secrete proneurotrophins, inducing the ephrinA-p75(NTR) interaction and enabling repellent axon guidance. The antagonistic functions of proBDNF and BDNF raise the possibility that topographic branching is controlled by local control of processing of proneurotrophins

Automated Teller Machine (ATM)- a Pathogen City a Surveillance Report From Locations in and Around Madurai City, Tamil Nadu, India

ATM is used by millions of people in a day. It is meant to be a public utility device. Hence the microorganisms plays a major role in accommodating the safer place, ATM. Hence to this account an elaborate survey was taken for complete assessment of microbiology in and around Madurai city. Swabs were collected from each ATM screen, buttons, floor, users hand, exposure of plates and also extended the work in relation with microorganisms prevalent in ladies toilet the samples collected from ATM were plated in nutrient agar plates. The results showed the presence of increased bacterial count subsequently, most pathogens on characterization extended revealed the genus of the particular organism E-coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aures, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Salmonella, Serratia and fungal species included Aspergillus sp, Mucor sp and Fusarium. Antibiogram study of bacteria also provides us information about the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates

Individual Psychology in Novelist Thilagavathi’s Award Winning Novels

This article that is entitled "Individual Psychology in Award-Winning Novels" deals with novelist Thilagavathi and other personal behaviors such as the rise of love, greed, and self-confidence. Writer Thilagavathi has created a name for herself in the world of Tamil literature; she has given new ideas through Modern Tamil literature to protect the welfare of the people. Her works are mostly women-centric and explore their social issues. When researching them from a psychological perspective, the mentality of the creator and the mentality of the characters are evident. Generally, individual problems may naturally arise at works. In this way, this article examines the behavior of the individual based on the events of personal thoughts, actions, and depictions of inner memories found in Thilagavathi's novels 'Pathini Pen' (The Virtuous Woman) and 'Kalmaram' (The Stone Tree)

Automated Teller Machine (ATM)- A “Pathogen City” – A surveillance Report from Locations in and around Madurai City, Tamil Nadu, India

ATM is used by millions of people in a day. It is meant to be a public utility device.Hence the microorganism’s plays a major role in accommodating the safer place, ATM.Hence to this account an elaborate survey was taken for complete assessment of microbiology in and around Madurai city. Swabs were collected from each ATM screen, buttons, floor, user’s hand, exposure of plates and also extended the work in relation with microorganisms prevalent in ladies toilet the samples collected from ATM were plated in nutrient agar plates. The results showed the presence of increased bacterial count subsequently, most pathogens on characterization extended revealed the genus of the particular organism E-coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aures, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Salmonella, Serratia and fungal species included Aspergillus sp, Mucor sp and Fusarium. Antibiogram study of bacteria also provides us information about the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates.

Bio prospecting of Riboflavin producing bacteria from different riboflavin enriched food sources

Riboflavin is an essential, water-soluble vitamin (B2) and a component of basic cellular metabolism. The aim of the present study is to isolate and characterize riboflavin producing bacteria from different food sources. Ten different riboflavin enriched food sources were collected from Vellore district. Totally 72 bacterial strains were isolated and cultured on nutrient agar plates. Out of these, 43 strains were identified as riboflavin producers. Isolated bacterial strains HDS27, HDS07, HDS14, HDS18, HDS38 and HDS54 isolated from milk, mushroom, spinach, lamb kidney, beef liver and mackerel fish were found to be potent riboflavin producers. Based on morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the potent strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (HDS27), Bacillus cereus (HDS07), Delftia tsuruhatensis (HDS14), Citrobacter freundii (HDS18), Enterobacter cloacae (HDS38) and Bacillus cereus (HDS54). The selected potent isolates HDS27 from milk and HDS07 from mushroom showed a maximum riboflavin production of 3.69 mg/L and 2.9mg/L respectively. The present study explores the riboflavin producing novel bacteria from different food sources. This is the first report that the Enterobacter cloacae isolated from beef liver, Delftia tsuruhatensis from spinach and Citrobacter freundii from lamb kidney has the ability to produce riboflavin. These potent strains could be a better starter for substituting the conventional bacteria for large scale production of riboflavin in industry

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN BANKS OF THIRUVARUR DISTRICT

Performance management is a crucial element in organizational success, particularly in the banking sector, where employee productivity and retention significantly impact service quality and customer satisfaction. This study examines the relationship between performance management and employee retention in select public and private sector banks in Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu. The research aims to identify the effectiveness of performance appraisal systems, training and development programs, incentives, and work culture in retaining employees. A mixed- methods approach is employed, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather insights from bank employees and managerial personnel. The study investigates key performance management components, such as goal-setting, feedback mechanisms, reward systems, and career advancement opportunities, to understand their influence on employee motivation and job satisfaction. Additionally, the research explores the impact of factors such as work-life balance, job security, and recognition on retention rates in the banking sector. Preliminary findings suggest that a well-structured performance management system enhances employee engagement, fosters career growth, and significantly reduces turnover rates. Public sector banks, with their structured promotion policies and job security, exhibit different retention patterns compared to private banks, which focus more on performance-based incentives and career progression. The study also highlights potential challenges, such as inadequate feedback mechanisms, lack of career development opportunities, and employee dissatisfaction with appraisal processes, which may contribute to higher attrition rates. The research provides valuable insights for banking institutions to refine their performance management strategies, ensuring higher employee satisfaction and improved retention rates. It emphasizes the need for a balanced approach, integrating both financial and non-financial rewards, regular performance feedback, and career development initiatives. The findings of this study can help policymakers and banking executives design effective employee retention strategies, ultimately contributing to organizational growth and stability in the competitive banking environment