Testing for Rate-Dependence and Asymmetry in Inflation Uncertainty:Evidence from the G7 Economies

The Friedman-Ball hypothesis implies a link between the inflation rate and inflation uncertainty. In this paper we employ a new test for the joint null hypothesis of no dependence effects and no asymmetry in the G7 inflation volatility. The results show that higher inflationrates operate additively via the conditional variance of inflation to induce greater inflation uncertainty in the U.S., U.K. and Canada. In addition, positive inflationary shocks are found to generate greater inflation uncertainty than negative shocks of a similar magnitude in the U.K. and Canada.Friedman-Ball hypothesis, Asymmetry, Davies’ Problem

Equity Return and Short-Term Interest Rate Volatility : Level Effects and Asymmetric Dynamics

Evidence suggests that short-term interest rate volatility peaks with the level of short rates, while equity volatility responds asymmetrically to positive and negative shocks. We present an LM based test that distinguishes between level effects and asymmetry in volatility which is robust to the presence of unidentified nuisance parameters under the null. There is strong evidence of a level effect and asymmetric response in the relationship between S&P 500 Index returns and 3-month US Treasury Bills. The conditional covariance depends on the level of the short rate which has implications for hedging equity returns against short term interest rate movements.Level Effects; Asymmetry; LM Tests; Davies Problem; Nonlinear Granger Causality

ANALYSIS OF ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE HORMONE LEVELS AGAINST VARIOUS CELL CULTURE IN TCM- 199 MEDIUMFOR CATTLE IN VITRO

Abstract This research was aimed to obtained data base reproductive hormonal profile of the hormones estradiol and progesterone levels in various cell cultures. Culture cells used are cells fallopian tubes, ampulla, isthmus and follicle cells, whereas the culture period used were 0, 2 and 4 days. Analysis of the hormones estradiol and progesterone levels in various cell culture used ELISA method. Data results obtained are the estradiol hormone levels in various cell cultures and periods of different cultures in TCM-199 medium ie cell treatment Fallopian tubes in culture period 0, 2 and 4 days (9.07; 13.14; 9.00 pg/ml), cell culture period ampulla at 0, 2 and 4 days (9.00; 9.29; 14.39 pg/ml), cell isthmus (9.00; 12.08; 9.00  pg/ml) whereas follicular cells in culture period 0, 2 and 4 days (415.04; 476.67; 376.93 pg/ml). The highest levels of the hormone estradiol on cell cultures, namely follicle cells on the second day culture period (476.67 pg/ml), whereas the lowest in cell cultures, namely follicle cells on the fourth day culture period (376.93 pg/ml). Progesterone levels obtained in the treatment of Fallopian tube cells in culture period 0. 2 and 4 days (24.107; 24.644; 24.474 ng/ml), cell culture period ampulla at 0, 2 and 4 days (24.187; 23.753; 24.254  ng/ml ), cell isthmus (24.071; 24.083; 24.034 ng/ml) whereas follicular cells in culture period 0, 2 and 4 days (26.671; 27.610; 24.034 ng/ml). For progesterone levels in various cell culture and the culture that the treatment period follicle cell culture high on the second day culture period (27.610  ng/ml) and low progesterone levels in cell culture ampulla on the second day culture period (23.753 ng/ml). Keywords: Hormones, Cell Culture and Medium TCM-199  Â

Partisipasi Petani dalam Pengembangan Program Hutan Rakyat di Dusun Talang Gunung Desa Talang Batu Kecamatan Mesuji Timur Kabupaten Mesuji Provinsi Lampung

Farmer Participation in Developing Farm Forestry Program in Talang Gunung Backwoods Talang Batu Village East Mesuji Subdistrict Mesuji Regency Lampung Province The farm forestry is one of strategies which developed as the implementation from forestry paradigm development. Farm forestry has appeared as an alternative model for problem solving which caused by increasingly number of trees that lost from forests in the world and decreasing forest in developing countries. The purpose of this research is knowing about farmers participation in farm forestry program development in Talang Gunung Backwoods Talang Batu Village. This research has used qualitative descriptive analysis method. The variable in this research is participation. Based on the result of the research shows that farmers participation in farm forestry program development in Talang Gunung Backwoods Talang Batu Village was moderate with score achieving is 58, 97% from maximum score. This is caused by type of physical participation or nonphysical participation in some activities have only done by a few respondents. The advices which related to this research can be given by writer to farm forestrys sustainable in Talang Gunung Backwoods that is expected farmers to increase their participation in farm forestry development program in a physical participation and nonphysical participation. Keywords: Participation, Farmer, Farm Forestry

The Percentage of Speech “Error Analysis” of American President

This research aims to analyze the kinds of error morphology in English speeches of American President and knowed the persentage of morphological errors in English Speeches of American President. As for the kinds of error morphology in English speeches of American President, the kinds are free morpheme, bound morpheme, affixes (prefix, suffix, and compound). This research design used is qualitative research. Qualitative research among others are descriptive, the data collected more in the form of words or pictures rather than numbers, The researcher  chose qualitative case study research in descriptive qualitative  because the data of this study described seeing the actual reality in the form of spoken language, and analyzed and interpreted with the objective to then described in the form of words and language. Qualitative descriptive  method is a method that researchers can use to analyze by doing fact-finding with the right interpretation. Qualitative research is closely associated with the context. The result of this research showed that are in English Speeches of American President still found error morphology even thought they are narrative speakers. They made afix, prefix, suffix errors. Besides that, some of the president also made errors in free morpheme, bound morpheme, and compound.The researcher was founded 16 errors totally. In the case it consist of 18,75% errors in free morpheme 56,25% errors in bound morpheme, 25%  in affixes there are 12,50% error in prefix, 6,25% errors in suffix , and 6,25% error in compound. Meanwhile, the dominant error in English Speeches of American President is bound morpheme which reaches 56,25 % from 16 or 100%

Functional immune characterization of HIV-associated non-small-cell lung cancer.

Dear Editor, In the combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) era, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly incident cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV)[1]. The immune-pathogenesis of NSCLC and HIV infection both rely on programmed-death 1 (PD-1) receptor-ligand interaction as a mechanism to induce T-cell exhaustion. To date, PLHIV have been excluded from clinical trials of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI), on the presumption that anti-tumour immunity might be compromised by HIV infection. To verify this, we evaluated the clinico-pathologic significance of PD-ligands expression in a consecutive series of 221 archival NSCLC samples, 24 of which were HIV-associated (Table S1)

Impact of social determinants on antiretroviral therapy access and outcomes entering the era of universal treatment for people living with HIV in Italy

Background: Social determinants are known to be a driving force of health inequalities, even in high income countries. Aim of our study was to determine if these factors can limit antiretroviral therapy (ART) access, outcome and retention in care of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Italy. Methods: All ART naïve HIV+ patients (pts) of Italian nationality enrolled in the ICONA Cohort from 2002 to 2016 were included. The association of socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, risk factor for HIV infection, educational level, occupational status and residency area) with time to: ART initiation (from the first positive anti-HIV test), ART regimen discontinuation, and first HIV-RNA < 50 cp/mL, were evaluated by Cox regression analysis, Kaplan Meier method and log-rank test. Results: A total of 8023 HIV+ pts (82% males, median age at first pos anti-HIV test 36 years, IQR: 29-44) were included: 6214 (77.5%) started ART during the study period. Women, people who inject drugs (PWID) and residents in Southern Italy presented the lowest levels of education and the highest rate of unemployment compared to other groups. Females, pts aged > 50 yrs., unemployed vs employed, and people with lower educational levels presented the lowest CD4 count at ART initiation compared to other groups. The overall median time to ART initiation was 0.6 years (yrs) (IQR 0.1-3.7), with a significant decrease over time [2002-2006 = 3.3 yrs. (0.2-9.4); 2007-2011 = 1.0 yrs. (0.1-3.9); 2012-2016 = 0.2 yrs. (0.1-2.1), p < 0.001]. By multivariate analysis, females (p < 0.01) and PWID (p < 0.001), presented a longer time to ART initiation, while older people (p < 0.001), people with higher educational levels (p < 0.001), unemployed (p = 0.02) and students (p < 0.001) were more likely to initiate ART. Moreover, PWID, unemployed vs stable employed, and pts. with lower educational levels showed a lower 1-year probability of achieving HIV-RNA suppression, while females, older patients, men who have sex with men (MSM), unemployed had higher 1-year risk of first-line ART discontinuation. Conclusions: Despite median time to ART start decreased from 2002 to 2016, socio-demographic factors still contribute to disparities in ART initiation, outcome and durability