Self-Determination for Indigenous Peoples at the Dawn of the Solar Age

In addition to challenging readers to help make the principle of self-determination a reality for indigenous peoples, this Article challenges indigenous leaders, especially those in the United States, to help formulate our collective vision of a sustainable future and to provide leadership in making that vision a reality. The United Nations has designated 1993 the International Year for the World\u27s Indigenous Peoples, and this event will provide tribal leaders with opportunities to have their voices heard. Tribal leaders in the United States should take full advantage of these opportunities and step to the forefront of the movement to hasten the dawning of the solar age

Action on Global Warming: Making Room for Tribal Governments in the New Kind of Wedge Issue

Presenter: Dean B. Suagee, Of Counsel, Hobbs, Straus, Dean & Walker LLP, Washington, D.C. 1 page

Effects of Diet and Weight Gain on Subcutaneous Body Fat Accretion Patterns and Adipocytokine Production in Thoroughbred Geldings

Fifteen Thoroughbred geldings on an eight month weight gain study were used to evaluate 1) the effects of weight gain and diet on body area (neck, withers, shoulders, ribs, loin, tailhead) condition scores, and 2) the effects of weight gain, diet, and exercise on serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α. The body condition scoring system developed in Quarter horse was slightly modified for use Thoroughbred geldings and involved developing prediction equations that utilized a smaller subset of the body areas. Horses at a BCS of 4 were found to be at a higher risk of inflammation that horses at a BCS of 7. The degree of inflammation was similar between horses fed either a high starch and sugar diet or high fiber and fat diet, indicated by similar TNF concentrations. Restricting daily exercise for two weeks was associated with increased inflammation

Impacts of DigestaWell NRG Supplementation on Post Exercise Muscle Soreness in Unconditioned Horses, a Pilot Study

Exercising horses are commonly plagued by muscle fatigue and soreness, which can result in reduced performance ability. In the present study, ten unconditioned horses were fed 200g per day DigestaWell NRG, a commercial dietary supplement containing Yucca schidigera and Trigonella foenum-graecum, two herbs shown in other species to reduce post-exercise muscle pain and soreness. A control, unsupplemented group contained ten horses of similar age, breed, and gender. Horses completed a 50 minutes, ridden standardized exercise test of moderate intensity immediately prior to (Period1) and after 28 days of supplementation (Period2). Muscle soreness and tightness were evaluated 24 hours prior to and after each exercise test and used to determine the percent increase in post-exercise muscle soreness and tightness. Blood samples were collected before, and at 10 and 30 minutes, and 1, 4, and 24 hours post exercise. Plasma was analyzed for glucose, lactate, non-esterified fatty acid, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β concentrations. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SAS Enterprise Guide v. 7.1. No changes in plasma parameters were indicated between periods for unsupplemented horses (P \u3e 0.1) during Period2, excepting glucose, which was greater during Period2 (P = 0.018). Supplemented horses had lesser concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.016) and lactate (P = 0.058) during Period2 than during Period1. During Period2, supplemented horses experienced a smaller percent increase in post exercise muscle soreness (P = 0.031). DigestaWell NRG supplementation may benefit unconditioned horses undergoing moderate intensity exercise through reducing lactate production and inflammation