What were Cottons for in the Early Industrial Revolution

Original paper can be found at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/economicHistory/GEHN/GEHNPaduaConferencePapers.ht

Inherited body : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Creative Writing at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand

Narrative ethics is a useful tool for approaching New Zealand historical fiction about family history because it looks to the risks and losses of appropriating family for the author, their subjects, and readers. In the following critical analysis I discuss three recent New Zealand novels based on family historical narratives, each of which depict characters attempting to write their own stories within power structures that threaten to silence them: Alison Wong’s As The Earth Turns Silver (2009), Paula Morris’s Rangatira (2011), and Kelly Ana Morey’s Bloom (2003). For a writer a narrative ethics analysis ensures they acknowledge the ethical implications of their work, not just for their own family, but for collective understanding. My novel Inherited Body fictionalises an incident from my family’s history about mental health and sits alongside a contemporary narrative that seeks to understand the possible causes of a psychotic break. A narrative ethics analysis has highlighted my dual role as reader/critic and writer. Wayne C. Booth’s discussion of narrative ethics emphasises the connection between writer, character and their readers. Adam Zachary Newton expands on this transactive connection and shows the ethical consequences of narrating story and fictionalising people, and the reciprocal claims connecting teller, listener, witness and reader in that process. As a reader, I took on an ethical responsibility to understand the texts, and as a writer, I attempted to understand the effect of my characters and readers of the book’s content. Connecting my critical and creative components with a narrative ethics framework ensures that I see both sides of narrative ethics

Russia Giving: Research on individual giving in Russia

This report presents the findings of research into individual giving in Russia and analyses the common giving patterns and habits of Russians -- the frequency and size of donations to NGOs, the ways in which donations are made, the main sources of information about NGOs, and which causes attract the most support, as well as the obstacles to and drivers for individual giving. The report draws parallels with the corresponding UK data and provides conclusions and recommendations for promoting individual giving to NGOs in Russia

Analysis of Academy School Performance in the 2011 and 2012 GCSEs

The Local Government Association (LGA) commissioned NFER to undertake statistical analysis of school level GCSE data provided by the Department of Education and accessible from their website. The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether there was any differential progress between Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 4 that can be associated with schools status. This report highlights analysis undertaken on the 2011 and 2012 GCSE results with future analysis on the 2013 and 2014 results also planned. Additional analyses looking at changes over time were also carried out.Analysis at the school level used average attainment at Key Stage 2 as measure of prior attainment and as a way to control for schools having different pupil intakes. Pupil progress was measured between KS2 and average GCSE points score. Two measures of GCSE attainment were used, average total point score (capped) and the proportion of pupil achievbing 5+ A* to C grades. Other school level factors that may have been associated with a variation in pupil progress were also included within the models. These included the proportion of pupils on free school meals and the proportion of pupils with special educational needs, as well as geographical location.Key Findings:In 2011 and 2012 schools with academy status made, on average, more progress between KS2 and GCSE than non academy status schools.Peformance, and interpretation, altered when excluding equivalent qualifications.There was no long term change in performance associated with academy status

Platinum-group element mineralisation in the Unst ophiolite, Shetland

The ophiolitic basic and ultrabasic rocks of the island of Unst, Shetland comprise a sequence of harzburgites, dunites, clinopyroxene-rich cumulates, and gabbro, within tectonic blocks that have been thrust over a migmatite complex during the Laxer Palaeozoic. Concentrations of chromite are found in the harzburgite and dunite, and to a small extent in the pyroxene cumulate rocks. They occur as disseminations, sometimes forming millimetre scale layers, and as more massive schlieren and pods of chromitite. Five alteration or hydrothermal events have been recognised in the ultrabasic rocks. These comprise early pervasive serpentinisation, later fracture controlled serpentinisation, veining and pervasive carbonation, minor late serpentine veining and talc-carbonate alteration controlled by fault zones. Exploration for platinum group element (PGE) mineralisation uas carried out using a combination of drainage, overburden and rock sampling. Analyses of PGE were obtained by fire assay followed by either neutron activation analysis or flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, and up to 20 other elements Here determined by X-ray fluoresence analysis. Panned concentrate samples were taken from 73 drainage sites distributed throughout the complex. Ir, the only PGE determined in all samples, showed a greater concentration in samples derived from the harzburgite unit than those from other units. Lox amplitude anomalies are present in three discrete areas in the harzburgite but the maximum level of 210 ppb Ir is associated with a sample derived from a prominent N-S zone of faulting and hydrothermal activity markedly discordant to the regional trend of layering in the harzburgite and dunite. This discordant zone, which extends for at least 7 km, is also marked by samples containing enrichments in Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and As. The highest Cr levels are associated with an area in the north of the harzburgite with no previous history of chromite working but where many locally derived pieces of chromitite float have been discovered. Relatively high Cr levels are also associated nith the area of dunite containing the greatest concentration of visible chromite and old norkings. A technique of collecting panned heavy mineral concentrates from overburden samples was adopted as a reconnaissance exploration technique after orientation sampling in the harzburgite unit at Cliff, an area with high PGE levels in chromitite and associated dunite. Systematic sampling in the Cliff area outlined a zone of coincident Pd, Pt and Rh enrichment near to but separate from the chromite workings knorrn to be enriched in PGE. In contrast the distribution of Ru was entirely different with scattered lon amplitude anomalous zones and a maximum anomaly 300m from the chromite-rich zone. Reconnaissance lines were sampled at other locations within the harzburgite, dunite and cumulate units. Lore amplitude Pd and Pt anomalies were detected xithin the dunite unit, especially in 'a traverse across the trace of the prominent N-S fault zone at Helliers Uater, adjacent to the outcrop of the cumulate unit. In general the overburden data suggest some association between PGE enrichment and enhanced levels of Ni relative to typical silicate levels apparent when expressed as the ratio Ni/MgC. Rock samples Here collected from all parts of the complex, including most of the main chromitite workings. Very high levels of all PGE occur in samples of chromitite, chromite-rich dunite and dunite from the Cliff area, with a strong positive intercorrelation between all PGE. The proportions of the various PGE are very similar to those present in deposits in major layered basic/ultrabasic complexes like Bushveld and Stillwater, irith strong relative enrichment in Pd and Pt. These PGE proportions are completely different from the Ru-Ir-0s dominant assemblage typical of ophiolitic rocks. Associated with high levels of PGE are enrichments in Ni, Cu, As, Sb and Te. There is no correlation rrith Cr and some samples of chromitite from the Cliff area contain only background levels of PGE. High to moderate levels of PGE with the same proportions of elements as the Cliff samples also occur in samples of chromitite and serpentinised dunite from the dunite unit and in samples of pyroxenite from the cumulate unit, In contrast PGE-rich samples of chromitite from the harzburgite unit near Harold's Grave have entirely different proportions of PGE with Ru and Ir in greatest abundance. This PGE distribution is similar to that in some background samples of harzburgite and closely resembles the pattern found in typical ophiolites. The PGE in the Harold's Grave samples do not exhibit the Ni enhancement noted in the Cliff PGE mineralisation. In samples from the Cliff area the platinum-group minerals (PGM) sperrylite, stibiopalladinite, hollingnorthite, laurite and possibly irarsite have been identified, mostly as grains less than 10 microns in size. In chromite-rich rocks these minerals occur Rithin chlorite haloes around chromite, in the blackened altered rims of chromite grains and in interstitial Ni-rich serpentine/carbonate intergroxths in association with pentlandite, orcellite and other Ni sulphides and arsenides, sometimes spatially related to chlorite-carbonate-magnetite veins. They also occur as fine grains Rithin magnetite rims around chromite and in magnetite or carbonate veins in dunite. The Ni sulphide/arsenide assemblage associated Rith the PGH is characteristic of serpentinisation at temperatures less than 500'C, Rell belox the range of magmatic conditions. A hydrothermal origin for the PGE mineralisation is proposed, probably related to the second phase of serpentinisation. This involved the redistribution of Ni accompanied by the introduction of As, Sb and Te probably with a StrUCtUral Control. Pre-existing concentrations of chromite may have acted as a precipitation barrier causing rich PGH deposition in the alteration haloes around chromite grains. Continuous borehole or trench sections through mineralised zones are required to assess the economic significance of the PGE mineralisation. Nevertheless the high levels of PGE attained and the evidence of xidespread occurrence of the Cliff-type PGE enrichment are favourable indications. The PGE enrichments found in the cumulate complex are of potential interest as they may originally have been of magmatic origin. Larger tonnage targets may therefore be present in this unit compared Rith the likely size of structurally-controlled mineralisation elswhere in the complex

Monitoring and Modelling the Vibrational Effects of Small (<50 kW) Wind Turbines on the Eskdalemuir IMS Station

It is known (Styles et al., 2005) that windfarms generate low frequency vibrations which propagate through the ground and have the potential to adversely affect sensitive installations, most notably seismometer arrays set up to monitor for nuclear tests. Significant work on the effects of large wind turbines has been carried out by Keele University as well as by Schofield (2002) and Fiori et al (2009). For the Eskdalemuir International Monitoring System station in Scotland, a vibration threshold was set, for wind farms within 50 km of Eskdalemuir, at frequencies around the 4 to 5 Hz region. However, with increased development, the threshold is being approached and small wind turbines (less than 50kW), even of the order of 15kW have also been restricted despite the differences in scale and modes of vibration. In order to protect Eskdalemuir a threshold limit was set for any turbine as a holding measure and a programme to try to establish whether they were really problematic has been carried out. Models for two wind turbine types from the manufacturers Proven and Gaia-Wind have been calculated and measurement programmes carried out. It has been possible to demonstrate that in most cases these small turbines do not generate significant energy in the band of concern and that the levels are low enough to be negligible. Small turbines once evaluated and monitored by Keele University and given approval by the UK Ministry of Defence, will receive clearance for deployment around the Eskdalemuir site at distances greater than 10km

A critical analysis of the interactions of the corporeal body with bodies of knowledge; focusing on spatial, technological and communicative shifts

This project argues for the importance of considering contemporary corporeality in light of new structures of knowledge, focusing on space and time, communication, and science and technology and looks for evidence of shifts in these areas at a qualitative, experiential level. Structures of knowledge are in the process of radical transformation which correspond with shifts in three key areas - space, language and technology. Central to these shifts are alterations to the ways we understand and experience our subjective and bodily location. This argument is developed in the context of the Enlightenment, where these key factors are explored as fundamental to significant transformations in explanations and experiences of corporeality. The interaction between new ways of knowing the world and ways of knowing corporeality in the historical analysis is demonstrated in order to establish the validity of four main research questions in a contemporary context. These are: firstly, in what ways do current configurations of space, language and technology suggest an altered corporeal experience? Secondly, how might new scientific/technological models, and particularly cartographies, inform explanations of corporeality? Thirdly, in what ways might corporeal experience be seen to be revalidated within emergent contemporary structures of knowledge? And finally, to look for places where qualitative evidence of a new experience of corporeality might be demonstrated. The first chapter examines new technologies, new forms of communication, and the processes of globalisation to show firstly that the key factors which led to radical alterations to corporeality in the past are present and secondly to show the prevalence and significance of disruptions to scale, location and boundaries in a contemporary context. Chapters Two and Three demonstrate in depth the interactions of space, language in defining the body. Chapter Four examines twentieth/twenty first century science to demonstrate a departure from classical science and outline the dramatically new models for explaining the world that these provide. In conclusion it is argued that corporeality is refigured materially, conceptually and perceptually in relation to emergent ways of knowing the world and that the authority of the imaginary and of the tactile in contemporary thought is indicative of a new validation of corporeal knowledge. It is suggested that by examining the science and experience of medical imaging techniques a qualitatively different experience of corporeality might be demonstrated, where concepts of interiority and exteriority and oflocation are transformed in powerful correspondence with transformations in space, language and technology

Analysis and computations for a model of quasi-static deformation of a thinning sheet arising in superplastic forming

We consider a mathematical model for the quasi-static deformation of a thinning sheet. The model couples a first-order equation for the thickness of the sheet to a prescribed curvature equation for the displacement of the sheet. We prove a local in time existence and uniqueness theorem for this system when the sheet can be written as a graph. A contact problem is formulated for a sheet constrained to be above a mould. Finally we present some computational results