777 research outputs found
The relationship of dementia prevalence in older adults with intellectual disability (ID) to age and severity of ID
Background: Previous research has shown that adults with intellectual disability (ID) may be more at risk of developing dementia in old age than expected. However, the effect of age and ID severity on dementia prevalence rates has never been reported. We investigated the predictions that older adults with ID should have high prevalence rates of dementia that differ between ID severity groups and that the age-associated risk should be shifted to a younger age relative to the general population.
Method: A two-staged epidemiological survey of 281 adults with ID without Down syndrome (DS) aged >60 years; participants who screened positive with a memory task, informant-reported change in function or with the Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Mental Retardation (DMR) underwent a detailed assessment. Diagnoses were made by psychiatrists according to international criteria. Prevalence rates were compared with UK prevalence and European consensus rates using standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs).
Results: Dementia was more common in this population (prevalence of 18.3%, SMR 2.77 in those aged >65 years). Prevalence rates did not differ between mild, moderate and severe ID groups. Age was a strong risk factor and was not influenced by sex or ID severity. As predicted, SMRs were higher for younger age groups compared to older age groups, indicating a relative shift in age-associated risk.
Conclusions: Criteria-defined dementia is 2ā3 times more common in the ID population, with a shift in risk to younger age groups compared to the general population
A note on dual giant gravitons in
We study some of the properties of dual giant gravitons - D2-branes wrapped
on an - in type IIA string theory on . In particular we confirm that the spectrum of small
fluctuations about the giant is both real and independent of the size of the
graviton. We also extend previously developed techniques for attaching open
strings to giants to this D2-brane giant and focus on two particular limits of
the resulting string sigma model: In the pp-wave limit we quantize the string
and compute the spectrum of bosonic excitations while in the semiclassical
limit, we read off the fast string Polyakov action and comment on the
comparison to the Landau-Lifshitz action for the dual open spin chain.Comment: v3 significantly changed: added coupling to RR 1-form and turned on
worldvolume gauge field, computed gauge field fluctuation, added comments on
closure of the sl(2) sector and re-written to improve clarity. This version
published in JHE
Field tuned critical fluctuations in YFe2Al10: Evidence from magnetization, 27Al (NMR, NQR) investigations
We report magnetization, specific heat, and NMR investigations on YFe2Al10
over a wide range in temperature and magnetic field and zero field (NQR)
measurements. Magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and spin-lattice
relaxation rate divided by T (1/T1T) follow a weak power law (T^-0.4)
temperature dependence, which is a signature of critical fluctuations of Fe
moments. The value of the Sommerfeld-Wilson ratio and linear relation between
1/T1T and chi(T) suggest the existence of ferromagnetic correlations in this
system. No magnetic ordering down to 50 mK in Cp(T) and the unusual temperature
and field scaling of the bulk and NMR data are associated with a magnetic
instability which drives the system to quantum criticality. The magnetic
properties of the system are tuned by field wherein ferromagnetic fluctuations
are suppressed and a crossover from quantum critical to FL behavior is observed
with increasing magnetic field
Unconventional superconductivity in the cage type compound ScRhSn
We have examined the superconducting ground state properties of the caged
type compound ScRhSn using magnetization, heat capacity, and
muon-spin relaxation or rotation (SR) measurements. Magnetization
measurements indicate type-II superconductivity with an upper critical field
= 7.24 T. The zero-field cooled and field cooled
susceptibility measurements unveil an onset of diamagnetic signal below = 4.4 K. The interpretation of the heat capacity results below
using the BCS model unveils the value of = 2.65, which gives
the dimensionless ratio 2 = 5.3, intimating that
ScRhSn is a strong-coupling BCS superconductor. The zero-field
SR measurements in the longitudinal geometry exhibit a signature of a
spontaneous appearance of the internal magnetic field below the superconducting
transition temperature, indicating that the superconducting state is
characterized by the broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS). We have compared the
results of broken TRS in ScRhSn with that observed in
RRhSn (R = Lu and Y).Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1411.687
Crystal field states of Kondo lattice heavy fermions CeRuSn3 and CeRhSn3
Inelastic neutron scattering experiments have been carried out to determine
the crystal field states of the Kondo lattice heavy fermions CeRuSn3 and
CeRhSn3. Both the compounds crystallize in LaRuSn3-type cubic structure (space
group Pm-3n) in which the Ce atoms occupy two distinct crystallographic sites
with cubic (m-3) and tetragonal (-4m.2) point symmetries. The INS data of
CeRuSn3 reveal the presence of a broad excitation centered around 6-8 meV which
is accounted by a model based on crystal electric field (CEF) excitations. On
the other hand, the INS data of isostructural CeRhSn3 reveal three CEF
excitations around 7.0, 12.2 and 37.2 meV. The neutron intensity sum rule
indicates that the Ce ions at both cubic and tetragonal Ce sites are in Ce3+
state in both CeRuSn3 and CeRhSn3. The CEF level schemes for both the compounds
are deduced. We estimate the Kondo temperature T_K = 3.1(2) K for CeRuSn3 from
neutron quasielastic linewidth in excellent agreement with that determined from
the scaling of magnetoresistance which gives T_K = 3.2(1) K. For CeRhSn3 the
neutron quasielastic linewidth gives T_K = 4.6 K. For both CeRuSn3 and CeRhSn3,
the ground state of Ce3+ turns out to be a quartet for the cubic site and a
doublet for the tetragonal site.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Broken time-reversal symmetry probed by muon spin relaxation in the caged type superconductor Lu5Rh6Sn18
The superconducting state of the caged type compound Lu5Rh6Sn18 has been investigated by using magnetization, heat capacity, and muon spin relaxation or rotation (?SR) measurements, and the results interpreted on the basis of the group theoretical classifications of the possible pairing symmetries and a simple model of the resulting quasiparticle spectra. Our zero-field ?SR measurements clearly reveal the spontaneous appearance of an internal magnetic field below the transition temperature, which indicates that the superconducting state in this material is characterized by broken time-reversal symmetry. Further, the analysis of the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth measured using the transverse-field ?SR measurements suggests an isotropic s?wave character for the superconducting gap. This is in agreement with the heat capacity behavior, and we show that it can be interpreted in terms of a nonunitary triplet state with point nodes and an open Fermi surface
Carer-led health interventions to monitor, promote and improve the health of adults with intellectual disabilities in the community: a systematic review
Using carers to help assess, monitor, or promote health in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) may be one way of improving health outcomes in a population that experiences significant health inequalities. This paper provides a review of carer-led health interventions in various populations and healthcare settings, in order to investigate potential roles for carers in ID health care. We used rapid review methodology, using the Scopus database, citation tracking and input from ID healthcare professionals to identify relevant research. 24 studies were included in the final review. For people with ID, the only existing interventions found were carer-completed health diaries which, while being well received, failed to improve health outcomes. Studies in non-ID populations show that carers can successfully deliver screening procedures, health promotion interventions and interventions to improve coping skills, pain management and cognitive functioning. While such examples provide a useful starting point for the development of future carer-led health interventions for people with ID, the paucity of research in this area means that the most appropriate means of engaging carers in a way that will reliably impact on health outcomes in this population remains, as yet, unknown
- ā¦