Building an LCA Inventory: A Worked Example on a CO2 to Fertilizer Process

This worked example is part of a series of examples that are designed to provide practical guidance to the application of the Techno-Economic Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines for CO2 Utilization. This worked example provides guidance on best practices and potential pitfalls in the production of a LCA inventory utilizing one or more sources of primary/secondary data. The worked example highlights the dangers of “picking and mixing” data by showing how derived results can vary significantly resulting in inconsistencies and uncertainty when considering direct comparisons for products/services and functions. The worked example considers a CO2 to nitrogen rich fertilizer pathway, with 18 inventories produced for assessment.Global CO2 InitiativeEIT Climate-KIChttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154989/3/Building an LCA Inventory (CO2 to fertilizer example).pdfDescription of Building an LCA Inventory (CO2 to fertilizer example).pdf : Report documen

Interpretation of LCA results: A Worked Example on a CO2 to Fertilizer Process

This worked example is part of a series of examples that are designed to provide practical guidance to the application of the Techno-Economic Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines for CO2 Utilization. In this worked example the impact of “picking and mixing” inventory data on results interpretation is explored in detail. The results of 18 LCA inventories (for a CO2 to nitrogen rich fertilizer pathway) are assessed, showing the inconsistencies in the conclusions drawn from the interpretation phase of the studies.Global CO2 InitiativeEIT Climate-KIChttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154990/4/Interpretation of LCA results (CO2 to fertilizer example).pdfDescription of Interpretation of LCA results (CO2 to fertilizer example).pdf : Report documen

A Guide to Goal Setting in TEA: A Worked Example Considering CO2 Use in the Domestic Heating Sector

This worked example is part of a series of examples that are designed to provide practical guidance to the application of the Techno-Economic Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines for CO2 Utilization. This worked example provides guidance on goal setting for TEA, with illustrative examples given for each of the perspectives listed in the guidelines (R&D, Corporate, Market). Multiple goals are derived following the advice of the guidelines with CO2 use in the domestic heating sector as the background. The example also provides advice on assessing the feasibility of using, either alongside a new study or in place of, with illustrative examples provided to demonstrate the impact data variance can have on the results of a study.Global CO2 InitiativeEIT Climate-KIChttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154988/4/Guide to goal setting in TEA (Domestic heating example).pdfDescription of Guide to goal setting in TEA (Domestic heating example).pdf : Report documen

Techno-Economic Assessment & Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines for CO2 Utilization (Version 1.1)

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Under the auspices of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and through the Paris Agreement, there is a commitment to keep global temperature rise this century to well below two degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial levels. This will require a variety of strategies, including increased renewable power generation, broad-scale electrification, greater energy efficiency, and carbon-negative technologies. With increasing support worldwide, innovations in carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies are now widely acknowledged to contribute to achieving climate mitigation targets while creating economic opportunities. To assess the environmental impacts and commercial competitiveness of these innovations, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) are needed. Against this background, guidelines (Version 1.0) on LCA and TEA were published in 2018 as a valuable toolkit for evaluating CCU technology development. Ever since, an open community of practitioners, commissioners, and users of such assessments has been involved in gathering feedback on the initial document. That feedback has informed the improvements incorporated in this updated Version 1.1 of the Guidelines. The revisions take into account recent publications in this evolving field of research; correct minor inconsistencies and errors; and provide better alignment of TEA with LCA. Compared to Version 1.0, some sections have been restructured to be more reader-friendly, and the specific guideline recommendations are renamed ‘provisions.’ Based on the feedback, these provisions have been revised and expanded to be more instructive.Global CO2 Initiative at the University of MichiganEIT Climate-KIChttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162573/5/TEA&LCA Guidelines for CO2 Utilization v1.1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162573/7/ESI reference scenario data_Corrected.xlsxSEL

The Costs of CO2 Carbonation in the Cement Industry

Rising climate change requires rapid changes in high emitting industries such as the cement industry. A concept developed in recent years which attracts researchers, entrepreneurs and policy makers alike is the so-called Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU). A major hurdle for implementing CCU technologies is often their economic viability. A process of particular interest for cement producers in the field of CCU are the so-called CO2 carbonation processes, where CO2 reacts with minerals to form stable carbonates. We assessed the main direct carbonation routes showing that Supplementary Cementitious Materials produced via CO2 carbonation (SCMCCU) could be produced at scale with Levelised Cost of Product of 120€/tSCM which lies in the range of current selling prices of cement. Hence, using SCMCCU could potentially become an economically viable way of reducing emission in this sector

Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

To combat global warming, industry needs to find ways to reduce its carbon footprint. One way this can be done is by re-use of industrial flue gases to produce value-added chemicals. Prime example feedstocks for the chemical industry are the three flue gases produced during conventional steel production: blast furnace gas (BFG), basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG), and coke oven gas (COG), due to their relatively high CO, CO2, or H2 content, allowing the production of carbon-based chemicals such as methanol or polymers. It is essential to know for decision-makers if using steel mill gas as a feedstock is more economically favorable and offers a lower global warming impact than benchmark CO and H2. Also, crucial information is which of the three steel mill gases is the most favorable and under what conditions. This study presents a method for the estimation of the economic value and global warming impact of steel mill gases, depending on the amount of steel mill gas being utilized by the steel production plant for different purposes at a given time and the economic cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions required to replace these usages. Furthermore, this paper investigates storage solutions for steel mill gas. Replacement cost per ton of CO is found to be less than the benchmark for both BFG (50–70 €/ton) and BOFG (100–130 €/ton), and replacement cost per ton of H2 (1800–2100 €/ton) is slightly less than the benchmark for COG. Of the three kinds of steel mill gas, blast furnace gas is found to be the most economically favorable while also requiring the least emissions to replace per ton of CO and CO2. The GHG emissions replacement required to use BFG (0.43–0.55 tons-CO2-eq./ton CO) is less than for conventional processes to produce CO and CO2, and therefore BFG, in particular, is a potentially desirable chemical feedstock. The method used by this model could also easily be used to determine the value of flue gases from other industrial plants.EC/H2020/768919/EU/Turning industrial waste gases (mixed CO/CO2 streams) into intermediates for polyurethane plastics for rigid foams/building insulation and coatings/Carbon4PURDFG, 414044773, Open Access Publizieren 2021 - 2022 / Technische Universität Berli