Hole dynamics in noble metals

We present a detailed analysis of hole dynamics in noble metals (Cu and Au), by means of first-principles many-body calculations. While holes in a free-electron gas are known to live shorter than electrons with the same excitation energy, our results indicate that d-holes in noble metals exhibit longer inelastic lifetimes than excited sp-electrons, in agreement with experiment. The density of states available for d-hole decay is larger than that for the decay of excited electrons; however, the small overlap between d- and sp-states below the Fermi level increases the d-hole lifetime. The impact of d-hole dynamics on electron-hole correlation effects, which are of relevance in the analysis of time-resolved two-photon photoemission experiments, is also addressed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION: RISK FACTORS AND RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after heart transplantation (HT). For the identification of risk factors of AKI and optimal modes of renal replacement therapy (RRT) 86 HT data was analyzed. AKI was observed in 37 cases. The main risk factors were renal failure before HT, heart transplant dysfunction and requirement in mechanical support. Continuous RRT was preferable due to the best control of patient’s volumes. The widening of indications for RRT was associated with better survival. In the cases of AKI occurrence the long-term (>10 years) prognosis was worsening significantly

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

The in-depth review is dedicated to the acute kidney injury. This conception is wider than acute renal failure. Even minor decline of renal function bias outcomes, so early diagnosis of acute renal injury is exceedingly important. The new markers of kidney injury are actively investigated. RIFLE criteria provide universal approach to a problem at first, and allow comparison of study results at second

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY WITH CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS AND HEART TRANSPLANTATION

Acute renal failure is one of the most frequent and life-threatening complications after cardiac surgery, which determines the outcome. The priority is the development of preventive measures and best treatments, in the first place – renal replacement therapy (RRT). To date, any medicines with proven nephroprotective properties is unknown. According to some reports, the use of prophylactic dialysis reduces the need for postoperative RRT. Continuous and intermittent methods of RRT are complementary. Early or even prophylactic use of RRT with increasing effectiveness are the current trends. However, it is unclear where is the limit of extended indications for RRT and what it`s optimal dose

Observation of an Excited Bc+ State

Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date